材料导论英文版教案Word格式文档下载.docx

材料导论英文版教案Word格式文档下载.docx

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“VanderWaalsbond范德华键

“Valenceelectron价电子

2youshouldbeabletodothefollowing:

（1）Brieflydescribeformationandcharacteristicsofionic,covalent,metallic,hydrogen,andvanderWaalsbonds.

（2）Notewhatmaterialsexhibiteachofthesebondingtypes.

Chapter3StructureofSolids

1．Makesureyouunderstandlanguageandconcepts:

Ø

Allotropy同素异形现象，同素异构现象

Amorphous无定形的，非晶态的

Anisotropy各向异性

Atomicpackingfactor（APF）原子密堆因素

Body-centeredcubic（BCC）体心立方

Coordinationnumber配位数

Crystalstructure晶体结构

Crystalline晶体的

Face-centeredcubic（FCC）面心立方

Grain晶粒

Grainboundary晶界

Hexagonalclose-packed（HCP）密排六方

Isotropic各向同性的

Latticeparameter晶格参数

Non-crystalline非晶的

Polycrystalline多晶的

Polymorphism多晶型现象，同质异构现象

Singlecrystal单晶

Unitcell晶胞，单胞

2.Youshouldbeabletodothefollowing

1.Describethedifferenceinatomic/molecularstructurebetweencrystallineandnoncrystallinematerials.

2.Drawunitcellsforface-centeredcubic,body-centeredcubic,andhexagonalclose-packedcrystalstructures.

3.Computethedensitiesformetalshavingface-centeredcubicandbody-centeredcubiccrystalstructuresgiventheirunitcelldimensions.

4.Distinguishbetweensinglecrystalsandpolycrystallinematerials.

5.Defineisotropyandanisotropywithrespecttomaterialproperties.

Chapter4Imperfectionsinsolids

1.Makesureyouunderstandlanguageandconcepts

•Alloy合金

Atompercent原子百分数

•Atomicvibration原子振动

Boltzmann‘sconstant波尔兹曼常数

•Burgersvector柏氏矢量

Composition成分

Defectstructure缺陷构造

•Dislocationline位错线

Edgedislocation刃位错

Electroneutrality电中性

•Frenkeldefect弗兰克缺陷

Grainsize晶粒尺寸

•Imperfection缺陷，非理想性

•Interstitialsolidsolution间隙式固溶体

Microscopy显微镜法

Microstructure显微结构，微观结构

Mixeddislocation混合位错

Photomicrograph显微照片

•Pointdefect点缺陷

Scanningelectronmicroscope（SEM）扫描电子显微镜

Scanningprobemicroscope（SPM）扫描探针显微镜

•Schottkydefect肖脱基缺陷

Screwdislocation螺旋位错

•Self-interstitial自间隙的

•Solidsolution固溶体

•Solute溶质

•Solvent溶剂

•Stoichiometry化学计量学

•Substitutionalsolidsolution置换固溶体

Transmissionelectronmicroscope（TEM）透射电子显微镜

•Vacancy空位

Weightpercent重量百分数

1.Describebothvacancyandself-interstitialcrystallinedefects.

2.Calculatetheequilibriumnumberofvacanciesinamaterialatsomespecifiedtemperature,giventherelevantconstants.

3.Namethetwotypesofsolidsolutions,andprovideabriefwrittendefinitionand/orschematicsketchofeach.

4.NameanddescribeeightdifferentionicpointdefectsthatarefoundInceramiccompounds.

5.Giventhemassesandatomicweightsoftwoormoreelementsinametalalloy,calculatetheweightpercentandatomicpercentforeachelement.

6.Foreachofedge,screw,andmixeddislocations:

（a）describeandmakeadrawingofthedislocation;

（b）notethelocationofthedislocationline;

and

（c）indicatethedirectionalongwhichthedislocationlineextends.

7.Describetheatomicstructurewithinthevicinityof（a）agrainboundary,and（b）atwinboundary.

Chapter5mechanicalproperties

1．Makesureyouunderstandlanguageandconcepts

Anelasticity滞弹性

Charpytest简支梁试验

Ductility延展性

Elasticdeformation弹性变形

Elasticrecovery弹性恢复

Engineeringstrain工程应变

Engineeringstress工程应力

Hardness硬度

Impactenergy冲击能

Izodtest悬臂梁试验

Modulusofelasticity弹性模量

Plasticdeformation塑性变形

Poisson’sratio泊松比

Shear剪切

Tensilestrength拉伸强度

Toughness韧性

Yielding屈服

Yieldstrength屈服强度

2．youshouldbeabletodothefollowing

1.Defineengineeringstressandengineeringstrain.

2.StateHooke'

slaw,andnotetheconditionsunderwhichitisvalid.

3.DefinePoisson'

sratio.

4.Givenanengineeringstress-straindiagram,determine（a）themodulusofelasticity,（b）theyieldstrength（0.002strainoffset）,and（c）thetensilestrength,and（d）estimatethepercentelongation.

5.Forthetensiledeformationofaductilecylindricaispecimen,describechangesinspecimenprofiletothepointoffracture.

6.Computeductilityintermsofbothpercentelongationandpercentreductionofareaforamaterialthatisloadedintensiontofracture.

7.Statethereasonswhyhardnesstestsareperformedmorefrequentlythananyothermechanicaltest.Namethetwomostcommonhardness-testingtechniques.

8.Computetheworkingstressforaductilemateriai.

Chapter6DeformationandStrengtheningMechanisms

1．Makesureyouunderstandlanguageandconcepts:

Coldworking冷加工

Criticalresolvedshearstress临界分切应力

Dislocationdensity位错密度

Graingrowth晶粒长大

Latticestrain晶格应变，晶格畸变

Recovery回复

Recrystallization再结晶

Recrystallizationtemperature再结晶温度

Resolvedshearstress分切应力

Slip滑移

Slipsystem滑移系

Strainhardening形变硬化

Solid-solutionstrengthening固溶强化

2．youshouldbeabletodothefollowing

1.Describeedgeandscrewdislocationmotionfromanatomicperspective.

2.Describehowplasticdeformationoccursbythemotionofedgeandscrewdislocationsinresponsetoappliedshearstresses.

3.Defineslipsystemandciteoneexample.

4.Describehowthegrainstructureofapolycrystallinemetalisalteredwhenitisplasticallydeformed.

5.Explainhowgrainboundariesimpededislocationmotionandwhyametalhavingsmallgrainsisstrongerthanonehavinglargegrains.

6.Describeandexplainsolid-solutionstrengtheningforsubstitutionalimpurityatomsintermsoflatticestraininteractionswithdislocations.

7.Describeandexplainthephenomenonofstrainhardening（orcoldworking）intermsofdislocationsandstrainfieldinteractions.

8.Describerecrystallizationintermsofboththealterationofmicrostructureandmechanicalcharacteristicsofthematerial.

9.Describethephenomenonofgraingrowthfrombothmacroscopicandatomicperspectives.

Chapter7Phasediagrame

Austenite奥氏体

Cementite渗碳体

Component组元

Equilibrium平衡

Eutecticphase共晶相

Eutecticreaction共晶反应

Eutecticstructure共晶组织

Eutectoidreaction共析反应

Ferrite铁素体

Hypereutectoidalloy过共析合金

Hypoeutectoidalloy亚共析合金

Intermetalliccompound金属间化合物

Invariantpoint恒定点、三相平衡点

Isomorphous匀晶的

Metastable亚稳的

Microstructure显微组织

Pearlite珠光体

Peritecticreaction包晶反应

Phase相

Phasediagram相图

Phaseequilibrium相平衡

Proeutectoidcementite先共析渗碳体

Proeutectoidferrite先共析铁素体

Solubilitylimit溶解度极限

1.（a）Schematicallysketchsimpleisomorphousandeutecticphasediagrams.

（b）Onthesediagramslabelthevariousphaseregions.

（c）Labelliquidus,solidus,andsolvuslines.

2.Givenabinaryphasediagram,thecompositionofanalloy,itstemperature,andassumingthatthealloyisatequilibrium,determine:

（a）whatphase（s）is（are）present;

（b）thecomposition（s）ofthephase（s）.

3.Forsomegivenbinaryphasediagram,dothefollowing:

（a）locatethetemperaturesandcompositionsofalleutectic,eutectoid,peritectic,andcongruentphasetransformations;

（b）writereactionforallthesetransformationsforeitherheatingorcooling.

4.Giventhecompositionofaniron-carbonalloycontainingbetween0.022wt%Cand2.14wt%C,beableto

（a）specifywhetherthealloyishypoeutectoidorhypereutectoid;

（b）nametheproeutectoidphase;

（c）makeaschematicdiagramofthemicrostructureatatemperaturejustbelowtheeutectoid.

Chapter8Phasetransformation

•Annealing退火

•Austenitizing奥氏体化

•Bainite贝氏体

•Coarsepearlite粗珠光体

•Finepearlite细珠光体

•Fullannealing完全退火

•Isothermaltransformationdiagram等温转变图

•Martensite马氏体

•Normalizing正火

•Nucleation形核率

•Phasetransformation相变

•Precipitationhardening沉淀强化（agehardening时效强化）

•Precipitationheattreatment沉淀热处理

•Solutionheattreatment固溶处理

•Spheroidite球状珠光体

•Spheroidizing球化

•Supercooling过冷

•Superheating过热

•Temperedmartensite回火马氏体

•Thermallyactivatedtransformation热激活转变

•Transformationrate转变速率

2．youshouldbeabletodothefollowing：

1.Brieflydescribethemicrostructureforeachofthefollowingmicroconstituentsthatarefoundinsteelalloys:

finepearlite,coarsepearlite,spheroidite,bainite,martensite,andtemperedmartensite.

2.Citethegeneralmechanicalcharacteristicsforeachofthefollowingmicroconstituents:

finepearlite,coarsepearlite,spheroidite,bainite,martensite,andtemperedmartensite.Now,intermsofmicrostructure（orcrystalstructure）,brieflyexplainthesebehaviors.

3.Giventheisothermaltransformation（orcontinuouscoolingtransformation）diagramforsomeiron-carbonalloy,designaheattreatmentthatwillproducea