公共英语五级考试试题四十二.docx

公共英语五级考试试题四十二.docx

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公共英语五级考试试题四十二

公共英语五级考试试题（四十二）

一、ReadingComprehension（共15小题,共15.0分）Readthefollowingthreetexts．AnswerthequestionsoneachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD．

第1题

  Allergiescauseheapsoftrouble.Somepeoplesufferthenuisanceofseasonalhayfever,snufflingandsneezingaspollenflowsthroughtheair.Othersreacttomaterialssuchasmetals,developingunpleasantrashesattheirverytouch.Andsomesorrysoulsgointoshockatthemerepresenceofcertainfoods,particularlypeanutsandshellfish.

  Thecauseineachcaseisanoversensitiveimmunesystemthatisreactingtoharmlessmaterialsaswellastothepathogensitissupposedtobefighting.Thiscreatesannoyingandsometimeslife-threateningsymptoms.Chronicallyover-reactiveimmunesystemsmaynot,though,beanentirelybadthing.Anotherroleplayedbytheimmunesystemistodestroymalignanttumoursbeforetheytakehold—andworkcarriedoutrecentlybyAnnetteWigertzoftheKarolinskaInstitute,inStockholm,andhercolleaguessuggeststhattheimmunesystemsofthosewithallergiesmaybeparticularlygoodatthis.However,inaniceexampleofthewaythatonesetofdataissometimescapableofdivergent—indeed,opposite—interpretations,shemayinsteadhavediscoveredaclueabouthowcancersshutdownimmunesystemsinorderthattheythemselvesmayprosper.

  ThisManicheanfindingcameafterDr.Wigertzandherteaminterviewed1,527peoplewithgliomas（atypeofbrainturnout）inDenmark,Finland,Norway,Swedenandthesouth-eastofEngland.Theresearchersaskedthepatientsinquestionwhethertheyhadahistoryofallergies,andthencomparedtheresultswiththosefor3,309otherwisesimilarindividualswhodidnothavebraintumours.AsDr.WigertzreportsintheAmericanJournalofEpidemiology,thetumour-freewere,indeed,morelikelytosufferfromallergies.Thepresenceofanallergywasassociatedwitha30%reductioninthelikelihoodofhavingaglioma.

  Thiswasnotallthatsurprising.Previousresearchhaddetectedsimilarinversecorrelationsbetweenallergiesandbraintumours,suggestingthatawelcomesideeffectofallergywasresistancetocancer.Butthisnewstudywentfurther.Itlookedcarefullyatthetimeinthepatients'liveswhentheirallergieswereactive,anditfoundthatthistimingwascrucial.Dr.Wigertznotedthattheabsenceofallergywascorrelatedwiththetimewhenagliomafirstformed.Thatwastrueeveninpeoplewhohadpreviouslyhadallergieswhichhadthenclearedup.

  Awkwardly,thisresultisopentotworatherdifferentinterpretations.Theoptimisticexplanationisthatthehyperactiveimmunesystemassociatedwithallergydoes,indeed,protectagainstturnouts.Inthatcase,thecoincidencewascausedbyturnoutstakingadvantage,asitwere,ofthereducedimmunesurveillancethataccompaniedthedisappearanceoftheallergy.Thesinisterinterpretationisthattumoursaredoingsomethingastheygrowthatsuppressestheimmunesystemandthusallergicreactions.Eitherway,turnoutandlackofallergycoincide.Andeitherway,somethinginterestingisgoingon.ButDr.Wigertz'sresultillustratestheperilsofleapingtoconclusionsonthebasisofincompletedata.

Whichofthefollowingisadisease?

A Nuisance.

B Pollen.

C Rash.

D Shock.

【正确答案】：

C

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第2题

Thesecondparagraphsuggeststhatwhathasbeendiscoveredaboutimmunesystemcanbeused

A tostrengthenimmunesystem'scapacitytofightpathogens.

B tocreateimmunesystemwithallergies.

C tointerpretatethedatacontainedinimmunesystem.

D tofindouthowcancersfightimmunesystem.

【正确答案】：

D

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第3题

WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutDr.Wigertz'sstudyisTRUE?

A theintervieweesofthestudyarethosewhoaresufferingallergies.

B theteamexamined1,527cases.

C thereisanegativecorrelationbetweenallergiesandbraintumors.

D 30%ofthosewhosufferfromgliomaalsosufferfromallergies.

【正确答案】：

C

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第4题

Thenewstudysurpassesthepreviousoneinthat

A itidentifiedsideeffectsofallergies.

B itestablishedthatallergycanbecancer-resistant.

C itspecifiedthetimewhenallergyisactiveinhumanbody.

D itfoundmoreabouthowallergyiscorrelatedwithtumor.

【正确答案】：

D

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第5题

Dr.Wigertz'sfindingsuggests

A thatallergicreactionscanbeeithergoodorbad.

B thatit'sstillearlytodrawanyconclusion.

C thatallergiesmaysuppressthegrowthoftumor.

D thattheyarenotquitesureabouttheconsequenceoftheirstudy.

【正确答案】：

B

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第6题

  TheawardoftheNobelscienceprizesoftenbringsblinkingintothelimelightpeoplewhohavelabouredunknowntothewiderworld.Seldom,though,istheresuchacompellinghumanstorytogowiththeintellectualoneasthatofMarioCapecchi,oneofthe'winnersofthemedicineprize.Hisfatherwasanairmanwhowaskilledin