简析雅思阅读中的判断题Word文档下载推荐.docx

简析雅思阅读中的判断题Word文档下载推荐.docx

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判断题的呈现形式一般是TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN,或者YES/NO/NOTGIVEN。

两者的区别在于前者是问到的题目所给的句子是否agreewiththeinformationgiveninthepassage，而后者的选择标准则是题目中包含的句子是否agreewiththeviewsofthewriter，但是两者是没有本质区别的。

所以我们选择剑五当中的一篇文章来进行做题步骤的分析。

剑桥真题分析

TheEffectsofLightonPlantandAnimalSpecies

Lightisimportanttoorganismsfortwodifferentreasons.Firstly,itisusedasacueforthetimingofdailyandseasonalrhythmsinbothplaneandanimals,andsecondlyitisusedtoassistgrowthinplants.

Breedinginmostorganismsoccursduringapartoftheyearonly,andsoareliablecueisneededtotriggerbreedingbehavior.Daylengthisanexcellentcue,becauseitprovidesaperfectlypredictablepatternofchangewithintheyear.Inthetemperatezoneinspring,temperaturesfluctuategreatlyfromdaytoday,butdaylengthincreasessteadilybyapredictableamount.Theseasonalimpactofdaylengthonphysiologicalresponsesiscalledphotoperiodism,andtheamountofexperimentalevidenceforthisphenomenonisconsiderable.Forexample,somespeciesofbirds'

breedingcanbeinducedeveninmidwintersimplybyincreasingdaylengthartificially（Wolfson1964）.Otherexamplesofphotoperiodismoccurinplants.Ashort-dayplantflowerswhenthedayislessthanacertaincriticallength.Along-dayplantflowersafteracertaincriticaldaylengthisexceeded.Inbothcasesthecriticaldaylengthdiffersfromspeciestospecies.Planewhichflowerafteraperiodofvegetativegrowth,regardlessofphotoperiod,areknownasday-neutralplants.

Breedingseasonsinanimalssuchasbirdshaveevolvedtooccupythepartoftheyearinwhichoffspringhavethegreatestchancesofsurvival.Beforethebreedingseasonbegins,foodreservesmustbebuiltuptosupporttheenergycostofreproduction,andtoprovideforyoungbirdsbothwhentheyareinthenestandafterfledging.Thusmanytemperate-zonebirdsusetheincreasingdaylengthsinspringasacuetobeginthenestingcycle,becausethisisapointwhenadequatefoodresourceswillbeassured.

Theadaptivesignificanceofphotoperiodisminplaneisalsoclear.Short-dayplanethatflowerinspringinthetemperatezoneareadaptedtomaximizingseedlinggrowthduringthegrowingseason.Long-dayplantsareadaptedforsituationsthatrequirefertilizationbyinsects,oralongperiodofseedripening.Short-dayplanethatflowerintheautumninthetemperatezoneareabletobuildupfoodreservesoverthegrowingseasonandoverwinterasseeds.Day-neutralplanehasanevolutionaryadvantagewhentheconnectionbetweenthefavorableperiodforreproductionanddaylengthismuchlesscertain.Forexample,desertannualsgerminate,flowerandseedwheneversuitablerainfalloccurs,regardlessofthedaylength.

Thebreedingseasonofsomeplantscanbedelayedtoextraordinarylengths.Bamboosareperennialgrassesthatremaininavegetativestateformanyyearsandthensuddenlyflower,fruitanddie（Evans1976）.EverybambooofthespeciesChusqueaabietifolioontheislandofJamaicaflowered,setseedanddiedduring1884.Thenextgenerationofbamboofloweredanddiedbetween1916and1918,whichsuggestsavegetativecycleofabout31years.Theclimatictriggerforthisfloweringcycleisnot-yetknown,buttheadaptivesignificanceisclear.Thesimultaneousproductionofmassesofbambooseeds（insomecaseslyingI2toI5centimetersdeepontheground）ismorethanalltheseed-eatinganimalscancopewithatthetime,sothatsomeseedsescapebeingeatenandgrowuptoformthenextgeneration（Evans1976）.

Thesecondreasonlightisimportanttoorganismsisthatitisessentialforphotosynthesis.Thisistheprocessbywhichplantsuseenergyfromthesuntoconvertcarbonfromsoilorwaterintoorganicmaterialforgrowth.Therateofphotosynthesisinaplantcanbemeasuredbycalculatingtherateofitsuptakeofcarbon.Thereisawiderangeofphotosyntheticresponsesofplantstovariationsinlightintensity.Someplantsreachmaximalphotosynthesisatone-quarterfullsunlight,andothers,likesugarcane,neverreachamaximum,butcontinuetoincreasephotosynthesisrateaslightintensityrises.

Plantsingeneralcanbedividedintotwogroups:

shade-tolerantspeciesandshade-intolerantspecies.Thisclassificationiscommonlyusedinforestryandhorticulture.Shade-tolerantplanehaslowerphotosyntheticratesandhencehavelowergrowthratesthanthoseofshade-intolerantspecies.Plantspeciesbecomeadaptedtolivinginacertainkindofhabitat,andintheprocessevolveaseriesofcharacteristicsthatpreventthemfromoccupyingotherhabitats.Grime（1966）suggeststhatlightmaybeoneofthemajorcomponentsdirectingtheseadaptations.Forexample,easternhemlockseedlingsareshade-tolerant.Theycansurviveintheforestunderstoryunderverylowlightlevelsbecausetheyhavealowphotosyntheticrate.

Questions27-33

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage3?

Inboxes2733onyouranswersheet,write

TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

27.Thereisplentyofscientificevidencetosupportphotoperiodism.

28.Sometypesofbirdcanbeencouragedtobreedoutofseason.

29.Photoperiodismisrestrictedtocertaingeographicareas.

30.Desertannualsareexamplesoflong-dayplants.

31.Bamboosflowerseveraltimesduringtheirlifecycle.

32.ScientistshaveyettodeterminethecueforChusqueaabietifolia’sseasonalrhythm.

33.Easternhemlockisafast-growingplant.

上文笔者就提及了判断题的两个特点，其中之一就是绝大部分有序，所以这篇文章的定位相对来说就会比较简单。

关于定位词的选择这里不再赘述，所以按照做题步骤，我会建议首先学生需要找到两个或者每个题目的定位词。

27.定位词：

scientificevidence,photoperiodism;

28.定位词：

bird,outofseason;

29.定位词：

photoperiodism,geographicareas;

30.定位词：

desertannuals,long-dayplants;

31.定位词：

bamboos,lifecycle;

32.定位词：

scientists,chusqueaabietifolia’sseasonalrhythm;

33.定位词：

easternhemlock,fast-growingplant.

第二步，拿着最起码两个题目的定位词回到原文找到原句进行同义转述的分析。

27.根据题目中的关键词，定位到“Theseasonalimpactofdaylengthonphysiologicalresponsesiscalledphotoperiodism,andtheamountofexperimentalevidenceforthisphenomenonisconsiderable.”这个句子应该不是难点。

重点在于theamountof…isconsiderable就等同于plentyof…,所以答案就是TRUE。

（注：

considerable这个词会有学生有问题）

28.根据关键词定位接下来的一句话“Forexample,somespeciesofbirds'

breedingcanbeinducedeveninmidwintersimplybyincreasingdaylengthartificially（Wolfson1964）.”重点outofseason等同于inducedeveninmidwinter，所以答案就是TRUE。

29.题目当中的关键词并不能找到可以定位的句子，所以答案就是NOTGIVEN。

这个题目的定位和下一个题的定位相距较远，所以我会在这之前建议学生至少拿两个题目的关键词一起来定位，为了预防学生在看到NOTGIVEN题的时候会纠结反复阅读文章。

因为判断题是顺序题，所以下一个题的关键词出现的时候该题目还没能定位到，那么答案一定是NOTGIVEN）

30.关键词还是比较好定位的，是专有名词，直接定位到该句子“Forexample,desertannualsgerminate,flowerandseedwheneversuitablerainfalloccurs,regardlessofthedaylength.”看到很明显的forexample，往前面看一句就会发现desertannual是很明显的day-neutralplant，所以答案就可以选择FALSE。

定位一定要带上主语的原因在该题目中有体现，如果只拿long-dayplant来定位，那么这个题目很有可能会误选NOTGIVEN）

31.通过bamboo来定位到接下来一段话，具体句子是“Bamboosareperennialgrassesthatremaininavegetativestateformanyyearsandthensuddenlyflower,fruitanddie（Evans1976）.”“flower,fruitanddie”恰好和“flowerseveraltimes”相反，所以答案是FALSE。

32.定位并不是问题，但是句子有一些变化，对于基础较差的学生来说会是一个比较大的问题。

通过专有名词来看，我们可以确定到相关句子，“EverybambooofthespeciesChusqueaabietifolioontheislandofJamaicaflowered,setseedanddiedduring1884.”但是该句子并没有答案。

一般判断题是定位到哪句，答案就在哪句，不会跨句，这也是该题型简单的另一个原因）继续往下看，“Theclimatictriggerforthisfloweringcycleisnot-yetknown,buttheadaptivesignificanceisclear.”所以答案为TRUE。

33.该题目相对有点特殊，因为定位到的句子是“Forexample,easternhemlockseedlingsareshade-tolerant.”但是并未提及是属于快还是慢，所以我们得往前看关于shade-tolerant的定义，然后我们就可以看到“Shade-tolerantplanehaslowerphotosyntheticratesandhencehavelowergrowthratesthanthoseofshade-intolerantspecies.”确定答案为FALSE。

再强调一遍，判断题定位句和答案为同一句，该题跨句的原因是定位到的内容是专有的，类似的题目还出现在剑七airtrafficcontrolintheUSA那篇文章）

做题顺序整理

确定关键词（建议两道题目一起）；

确定考点；

第三：

回到原文找到对应句子；

第四：

同义转述进行排除。

学生易错点分析

1.词汇量不够，导致过分关注个别学生认为可以定位的“关键词”

例：

（C4T1P1）

Manystudieshaveshownthatchildrenharbormisconceptionsabout‘pure'

curriculumscience.Thesemisconceptionsdonotremainisolatedbutbecomeincorporatedintoamultifaceted,butorganized,conceptualframework,makingitandthecomponentideas,someofwhichareerroneous,morerobustbutalsoaccessibletomodification.Theseideasmaybedevelopedbychildrenabsorbingideasthroughthepopularmedia.Sometimesthisinformationmaybeerroneous.Itseemsschoolsmaynotbeprovidinganopportunityforchildrentoexpresstheirideasandsohavethemtestedandrefinedbyteachersandtheirpeers.

Questions1-8

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?

Inboxes1-8onyouranswersheetwrite

1.Theplightoftherainforestshaslargelybeenignoredbythemedia.

2.Childrenonlyacceptopinionsonrainforeststhattheyencounterintheirclassrooms.

3.Ithasbeensuggestedthatchildrenholdmistakenviewsaboutthe'

pure'

sciencethattheystudyatschool.

4.Thefactthatchildren'

sideasaboutscienceformpartofalargerframeworkofideasmeansthatitiseasiertochangethem.

5.Thestudyinvolvedaskingchildrenanumberofyes/noquestionssuchas'

ArethereanyrainforestsinAfrica?

'

6.Girlsaremorelikelythanboystoholdmistakenviewsabouttherainforests'

destruction.

7.Thestudyreportedherefo