简析雅思阅读中的判断题Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、判断题的呈现形式一般是TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN, 或者YES/NO/NOT GIVEN。两者的区别在于前者是问到的题目所给的句子是否agree with the information given in the passage，而后者的选择标准则是题目中包含的句子是否agree with the views of the writer，但是两者是没有本质区别的。所以我们选择剑五当中的一篇文章来进行做题步骤的分析。剑桥真题分析The Effects of Light on Plant and Animal SpeciesLight is important to organism

2、s for two different reasons. Firstly, it is used as a cue for the timing of daily and seasonal rhythms in both plane and animals, and secondly it is used to assist growth in plants.Breeding in most organisms occurs during a part of the year only, and so a reliable cue is needed to trigger breeding b

3、ehavior. Day length is an excellent cue, because it provides a perfectly predictable pattern of change within the year. In the temperate zone in spring, temperatures fluctuate greatly from day to day, but day length increases steadily by a predictable amount. The seasonal impact of day length on phy

4、siological responses is called photoperiodism, and the amount of experimental evidence for this phenomenon is considerable. For example, some species of birds breeding can be induced even in midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially （Wolfson 1964）. Other examples of photoperiodism occur

5、 in plants. A short-day plant flowers when the day is less than a certain critical length. A long-day plant flowers after a certain critical day length is exceeded. In both cases the critical day length differs from species to species. Plane which flower after a period of vegetative growth, regardle

6、ss of photoperiod, are known as day-neutral plants.Breeding seasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatest chances of survival. Before the breeding season begins, food reserves must be built up to support the energy cost of reproduct

7、ion, and to provide for young birds both when they are in the nest and after fledging. Thus many temperate-zone birds use the increasing day lengths in spring as a cue to begin the nesting cycle, because this is a point when adequate food resources will be assured.The adaptive significance of photop

8、eriodism in plane is also clear. Short-day plane that flower in spring in the temperate zone are adapted to maximizing seedling growth during the growing season. Long-day plants are adapted for situations that require fertilization by insects, or a long period of seed ripening. Short-day plane that

9、flower in the autumn in the temperate zone are able to build up food reserves over the growing season and over winter as seeds. Day-neutral plane has an evolutionary advantage when the connection between the favorable period for reproduction and day length is much less certain. For example, desert a

10、nnuals germinate, flower and seed whenever suitable rainfall occurs, regardless of the day length.The breeding season of some plants can be delayed to extraordinary lengths. Bamboos are perennial grasses that remain in a vegetative state for many years and then suddenly flower, fruit and die （Evans

11、1976）. Every bamboo of the species Chusqueaabietifolio on the island of Jamaica flowered, set seed and died during 1884. The next generation of bamboo flowered and died between 1916 and 1918, which suggests a vegetative cycle of about 31 years. The climatic trigger for this flowering cycle is not-ye

12、t known, but the adaptive significance is clear. The simultaneous production of masses of bamboo seeds （in some cases lying I2 to I5 centimeters deep on the ground） is more than all the seed-eating animals can cope with at the time, so that some seeds escape being eaten and grow up to form the next

13、generation （Evans 1976）.The second reason light is important to organisms is that it is essential for photosynthesis. This is the process by which plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon from soil or water into organic material for growth. The rate of photosynthesis in a plant can be measur

14、ed by calculating the rate of its uptake of carbon. There is a wide range of photosynthetic responses of plants to variations in light intensity. Some plants reach maximal photosynthesis at one-quarter full sunlight, and others, like sugarcane, never reach a maximum, but continue to increase photosy

15、nthesis rate as light intensity rises.Plants in general can be divided into two groups: shade-tolerant species and shade-intolerant species. This classification is commonly used in forestry and horticulture. Shade-tolerant plane has lower photosynthetic rates and hence have lower growth rates than t

16、hose of shade-intolerant species. Plant species become adapted to living in a certain kind of habitat, and in the process evolve a series of characteristics that prevent them from occupying other habitats. Grime （1966） suggests that light may be one of the major components directing these adaptation

17、s. For example, eastern hemlock seedlings are shade-tolerant. They can survive in the forest understory under very low light levels because they have a low photosynthetic rate.Questions 27-33Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 27 33 on your answ

18、er sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this27. There is plenty of scientific evidence to support photoperiodism.28. Some types of bird can be encouraged to breed out of season.29. Ph

19、otoperiodism is restricted to certain geographic areas.30. Desert annuals are examples of long-day plants.31. Bamboos flower several times during their life cycle.32. Scientists have yet to determine the cue for Chusquea abietifolias seasonal rhythm.33. Eastern hemlock is a fast-growing plant.上文笔者就提

20、及了判断题的两个特点，其中之一就是绝大部分有序，所以这篇文章的定位相对来说就会比较简单。关于定位词的选择这里不再赘述，所以按照做题步骤，我会建议首先学生需要找到两个或者每个题目的定位词。27. 定位词：scientific evidence, photoperiodism;28. 定位词：bird, out of season;29. 定位词：photoperiodism, geographic areas;30. 定位词：desert annuals, long-day plants;31. 定位词：bamboos, life cycle;32. 定位词：scientists, chusqu

21、eaabietifolias seasonal rhythm;33. 定位词：eastern hemlock, fast-growing plant.第二步，拿着最起码两个题目的定位词回到原文找到原句进行同义转述的分析。27. 根据题目中的关键词，定位到“The seasonal impact of day length on physiological responses is called photoperiodism, and the amount of experimental evidence for this phenomenon is considerable.” 这个句子应该不

22、是难点。重点在于the amount of is considerable就等同于plenty of, 所以答案就是TRUE。（注：considerable这个词会有学生有问题）28. 根据关键词定位接下来的一句话“For example, some species of birds breeding can be induced even in midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially （Wolfson 1964）.” 重点out of season等同于induced even in midwinter，所以答案就是TRU

23、E。29. 题目当中的关键词并不能找到可以定位的句子，所以答案就是NOT GIVEN。这个题目的定位和下一个题的定位相距较远，所以我会在这之前建议学生至少拿两个题目的关键词一起来定位，为了预防学生在看到NOT GIVEN题的时候会纠结反复阅读文章。因为判断题是顺序题，所以下一个题的关键词出现的时候该题目还没能定位到，那么答案一定是NOT GIVEN）30. 关键词还是比较好定位的，是专有名词，直接定位到该句子“For example, desert annuals germinate, flower and seed whenever suitable rainfall occurs, reg

24、ardless of the day length.” 看到很明显的for example，往前面看一句就会发现desert annual是很明显的day-neutral plant，所以答案就可以选择FALSE。定位一定要带上主语的原因在该题目中有体现，如果只拿long-day plant来定位，那么这个题目很有可能会误选NOT GIVEN）31. 通过bamboo来定位到接下来一段话，具体句子是“Bamboos are perennial grasses that remain in a vegetative state for many years and then suddenly f

25、lower, fruit and die （Evans 1976）.” “flower, fruit and die”恰好和“flower several times ”相反，所以答案是FALSE。32. 定位并不是问题，但是句子有一些变化，对于基础较差的学生来说会是一个比较大的问题。通过专有名词来看，我们可以确定到相关句子，“Every bamboo of the species Chusqueaabietifolio on the island of Jamaica flowered, set seed and died during 1884.” 但是该句子并没有答案。一般判断题是定位到

26、哪句，答案就在哪句，不会跨句，这也是该题型简单的另一个原因）继续往下看，“The climatic trigger for this flowering cycle is not-yet known, but the adaptive significance is clear.” 所以答案为TRUE。33. 该题目相对有点特殊，因为定位到的句子是“For example, eastern hemlock seedlings are shade-tolerant.” 但是并未提及是属于快还是慢，所以我们得往前看关于shade-tolerant的定义，然后我们就可以看到“Shade-tolera

27、nt plane has lower photosynthetic rates and hence have lower growth rates than those of shade-intolerant species.” 确定答案为FALSE。再强调一遍，判断题定位句和答案为同一句，该题跨句的原因是定位到的内容是专有的，类似的题目还出现在剑七air traffic control in the USA那篇文章）做题顺序整理确定关键词（建议两道题目一起）；确定考点；第三：回到原文找到对应句子；第四：同义转述进行排除。学生易错点分析1. 词汇量不够，导致过分关注个别学生认为可以定位的“关键

28、词”例：（C4T1P1）Many studies have shown that children harbor misconceptions about pure, curriculum science. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more r

29、obust but also accessible to modification. These ideas may be developed by children absorbing ideas through the popular media. Sometimes this information may be erroneous. It seems schools may not be providing an opportunity for children to express their ideas and so have them tested and refined by

30、teachers and their peers.Questions 1-8Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet write1. The plight of the rainforests has largely been ignored by the media.2. Children only accept opinions on rainforests that they encounter in

31、 their classrooms.3. It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the pure science that they study at school.4. The fact that childrens ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them.5. The study involved asking children a number of yes/no questions such as Are there any rainforests in Africa?6. Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests destruction.7. The study reported here fo