直接引语与间接引语的区别和用法文档格式.docx
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Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher
2.直接引语Mumsaidtome:
Youmustcleanyourbedroombyyourself."
间接引语MumtoldmethatIhadtocleanmybedroombymyself.
HesaidtoKate."
Howisyoursisternow?
HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen
3.直接引语MrSmithsaid。
"
Jackisagoodworker。
间接引语MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker
第二：
时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。
其规律如下图。
直接引语
间接引语
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时（不变）
一般现在时
注意：
1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。
Teachertoldus:
Themoonmovesroundtheearth."
Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth.
2.直接引语如果是一般现在时。
表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。
如：
Hesaid,"
Igetupatsixeverymorning。
→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning
3.如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同时生效，在变成间接宾语是时态不发生变化。
Hesaid,“Iamaboy,notagirl.”
Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.
4.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
Jacksaid."
John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?
→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet
5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：
oughtto，hadbetter,usedto）和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：
could,should,would,might）不再变。
Petersaid."
Youhadbettercomehavetoday。
→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday
6..直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。
Shesaid:
IwenttoEnglandin1998."
ShesaidshewenttoEnglandin1998.
7.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。
Hesays:
Iboughtyouabookyesterday."
Hesaysthatheboughtmeabookyesterday.
第三：
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。
1.指示代词this---thatthese---those
2.时间状语now----thentoday---thatdayyesterday---thedaybeforetomorrow---thenextdaynextweek----thenextweeklastyear----theyearbeforeaweekago---aweekbefore
3.地点状语here---there
4.从句动词come---gobring----take
5.主句动词say\saytosb----ask\tell
第四：
句式上的变化
1.陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接。
Iamagirl."
----Shesaidthatshewasagirl.（that可以省略）
Shesaid,"
Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."
---
2.一般疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。
（1）Sheaskedme:
AreyouMr.Li?
----SheaskedmeifIwasMr.Li.
（2）Sheaskedus:
Doyouwanttogoonapicnic?
--Sheaskedusifwewantedtogoonapicnic.
Hesaid,"
Canyouswim,John?
→
3.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。
宾从必须是陈述语序。
（1）"
Howmuchhavewespentonpetrolthisyear,"
Susanaskedherhusband.
（2）Susanaskedherhusbandhowmuchtheyhadspentonpetrolthatyear.
Sheaskedme,"
Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?
4.祈使句变间接引语，“一改二变三加四去。
”
一改：
said（to）改为asked或told,ordered等
二变：
saidto的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语
三加：
即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式
四去：
去掉please
间接引语应改为"
tell（ask,order,beg等）sb（not）todosth."
句型。
例
（1）"
Don’tmakeanynoise,"
shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold（ordered）thechildrennottomakeanynoise.
（2）Hesaidtoher:
Don'
ttakethebookaway."
Heaskedhernottotakethebookaway.
（3）"
Bringmeacupoftea,please,"
saidshe.→
5.感叹句变为间接引语
Whatawfulweatheritis!
shesaid.
Shecomplainedabouttheawfulweather.
（2）"
Whatabrightgirlyouare."
Hesaidtome.
HepraisedmethatIwasabrightgirl.
6.直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）。
”如：
Let’sgotothefilm."
→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.
III．练习
1.“I'
mgladtoreceiveyoure-mail,”saidhe.
________________________________________________
2.Hesaidtome,“Areyougoinghomethisweekend?
”
3.“Howdoyoulikethefoodhere?
”saidshe.
4.Shesaidtome,“Don'
trideinthestreet.”
5.“Standwhereyouare!
”thepolicesaidtotheyoungman.
II.请在下列空白处填上适当的词语，使句意不变。
1．Shesaid,“Areyoufromthesouth?
Sheasked________I________fromthesouth.
2.Momsaidtome,“Don'
ttellalie.”
Mom________me________________tellalie.
3．Susansaidtome,“WevisitedtheRedStarFarmlastweek.”
Susantoldmethat________________________theRedStar
Farm________________________.
4．MrPaulsaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”
MrPaul________usthatlight________fasterthansound.
5．“Goandposttheletters,”themanagersaidtohim.
Themanager________him________________andposttheletters.
参考答案：
I.1.Hesaidthathewasgladtoreceivemye-mail.2.HeaskedmeifIwasgoinghomethatweekend.3.SheaskedhowIlikedthefoodthere.4.Shetoldmenottorideinthestreet.5.Thepoliceorderedtheyoungmantostandwherehewas.
II.1.if/whether;
was2.told;
notto3.theyhadvisited;
theweekbefore4.told;
travels5.told;
togo
IV将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：
1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.
Hesaidthat______never______meat.
2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.
He______methathe__________________wallet.
3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.
Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.
4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”
Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.
5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.
He______methathe______methertheday______.
6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.
HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.
7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.
Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.
8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?
”hesaid.
He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.
9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”
He______Jimthathe______sitthere
10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?
Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.
11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?
”heasked.
Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.
12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?
Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.
13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.
He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.
14.“Don’ttellhimthenews
s.”shesaid.
Shetoldme___________________himthenews.
15.“Areyouintestedinthis?
He____________Iwasinterestdin______.
【参考答案】
1.he,ate2.told,had,found,his
3.she,had,taken4.rise,goes
5.told,had,before6.had,there
7.had,before8.asked,if[whether],before
9.told,could10.how,she,had
11.where,I,had,those12.if[whether],I,lived
13.told,to,stop14.not,to,tell
15.asked,if[whether],that
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