Revise for IGCSE in ESL examWord文档格式.docx

Revise for IGCSE in ESL examWord文档格式.docx

《Revise for IGCSE in ESL examWord文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Revise for IGCSE in ESL examWord文档格式.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

ThesuggestedtimesforExercises5-7includeeditingtime. 

Donotwritefranticallyuntiltheinvigilatorcallsout,“Theexamisover. 

Pleasestopwritingnow.” 

Youmustspendafewminutesre-readingyourworkandmakingnecessarychanges–notjustcorrections,butpossiblyalsoaddingimprovementssuchastransitionphrases（“Asaresultofthis”,“Ontheotherhand”,“Finally”etc）ormoreexpressivevocabulary（e.g.sofun 

thrilling/exhilarating）.

GeneralPointsRegardingREADINGTasks

∙Donotwastetimereadingthetextbeforeyoulookatthequestions. 

Doglancethroughitquicklysoyouknowwhattypeoftextitis（e.g.travelbrochure,magazinearticle）andwhatthetopicis. 

Thengostraighttothequestionsandleteachquestionguideyourmoredetailedreading. 

∙Youwillnotlosemarksforgrammatical,spellingorpunctuationerrors（unless,ofcourse,youranswerisimpossibletounderstand!

）.

∙Formostquestions,ashortanswerisfine.Thereisnorulethatyoushouldwriteinfullsentences.Infact,youwouldbewastingvaluabletimeifyouwrotelotsoflonganswers.

∙Thefirst15-20questionsrequirefast（butaccurate!

）reading:

thinkofthe1markquestionsasneedingaboutoneminuteofreadingonaverage.

∙Practisereadingtextsinnewspapers,magazinesortextbooksandmakingnotesofthemainpoints. 

Thiscanhelpyouprepareforboththenote-takingandsummarywritingtasks.

GeneralPointsRegardingSUMMARYTasks

∙Readtheinstructionscarefully:

whatareyoubeingaskedtowriteabout?

∙Halfthemarksareawardedforincludingrelevantpoints,halffor"

qualityoflanguage"

.Underlineorboxtherelevantpointsintheoriginaltextbeforeyoutrytowriteyoursummary.

∙Donotwritealongintroduction!

Youmightneedtowritesomethinglike“Therearethreemainadvantagesofhomeschooling. 

Firstly…”butbasicallyyoushouldgostraighttothepoint:

doonlywhattheinstructionsaskyoutodo!

∙Organisethepointsinsomeway–e.g.chronologically,orProblem-Solution,orAdvantages-Disadvantages. 

Whateverseemsrightforthetask!

∙Simpleconnectivessuchas"

Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly"

or"

Inaddition/Also"

Consequently"

canhelptomakeyoursummarymorecoherent.

∙Useyourownwords/phraseswherepossible.Feelfreetochangetheorderofpointsifthatseemslogical.

∙Donotwritetoomuch:

youwillnotreceiveanycreditforpointsmadeafterthewordlimit.（Ontheotherhand,donotgetstressedaboutwritingafewwordstoomany. 

Youareallowedtogoupto120wordsfortheextendedleveland70forthecorelevel）.

GeneralPointsRegardingLISTENING

∙IfyouwanttodosomeListeningpractice,rememberyouhave2CD-ROMsinyourcopyof“IGCSEEnglishasaSecondLanguage”byPeterLucantoni.

∙Formostofthequestions,allyouneedisabriefanswer（oftenjustoneword）.

∙Donotjustlistenforwords;

listentothemeaningofwhatisbeingsaid!

Trytopredictwhatiscomingnext.

∙Usethepausesforwriting:

ifyouwritetoosoon,youmaymisssomethingyoushouldbelisteningto!

∙Inthenote-takingtasks,thinkaboutthetypeofwordthatisrequired. 

Forexample,ifaheadingsays“Purpose”,thenitislikelythatyouneedalistofverbs（e.g.Toraiseawareness,Toconservewildlife,Toeducateschoolchildren）. 

Bycontrast,ifasentencesays“Thisboathasattractedmore_________thananyotherboatintherace”,thenyoushouldexpectanountofillthegap–e.g.publicity,funding,attention,visitors,trouble,photographers?

∙Ifyouwrite2answersandthefirstoneiswrong,nopointswillbeawarded.

∙Spellingusuallydoesnotmatter. 

However,ifanincorrectspellingcouldcauseconfusionaboutyourmeaning,thenitwillbemarkedincorrect. 

Forexample,"

bored"

isgood;

"

bord"

isincorrectbutacceptable;

but"

board"

isunacceptable.

GeneralPointsRegardingWRITINGTasks

Therearesomeusefulthingsyoucando:

∙Useathesaurus（）tobuildupavarietyofvocabulary–e.g.waysofexpressingcommonconcepts:

Thetripwasgood.

enjoyable,interesting,educational,informative,fascinating,eye-opening,inspirational,life-changing

Ifeltscared.

anxious,apprehensive,nervous,fearful,terrified

Isawamanrunningdownthestreet.

sprinting,runningatfullpelt

Isawawomansteppingoffthepavementintotheroad.

spotted,noticed,observed

Thecouncilshouldmakeaskatepark.

construct,create,

OpponentssaythatfoxhuntingisanimportantpartofEnglishculture.

argue,claim,insist,maintain

Sheisareallyniceperson.

warm,generous,considerate,helpful,easygoing,supportive

∙Re-readmodelessayssuchasthosebelowandthinkabouthowtheyareorganised. 

∙ReadyournotesonvariousOPINIONor"

for/against"

topicsor（seeacoupleofexamplesbelow）;

usethesetoscribbleessayplans.

∙Re-readgoodexamplesofinformal/formalletters

∙Noticeandpractisewritingcommonphrasesfoundinformalletters:

∙Re-readyournotesonhowtobegin/endinformalletters;

makenotesforalettertoafriendaboutarecentexperience（e.g.takingpartinaperformance,winningacompetition,meetingyourhero,meetinganoldclassmate,visitingaforeigncountry,learninganewskill）;

workoutwhateachparagraphisgoingtobeabout;

makeanoteoflikelyconnectives（thefollowingday,bytheendofourconversation,asaresult,becauseofthis,intheendetc.）;

writetheletter!

∙Re-readoldessaysandthinkaboutyourmostcommonerrors（especiallytenses,missing"

a"

/"

the"

plural"

-s"

uncountablenouns,prepositionsoftime/place-inJakarta,inMarch,atnightetc.;

vocabulary–goshopping,tobeinterestedin…,toapplyfor…）;

writenewsentencesthatfollowthecorrectpatterns（e.g.MybrotherwentshoppingwhilemytwosistersandIwentfishing.）

∙Reviselistsofconnectingwords/phrases:

·

Firstly,…Secondly,…Thirdly,…Finally…

Forexample,…Forinstance,…

Inaddition,…Also,…Furthermore,…Whatismore,

Asaresult,…Becauseofthis,…Consequently,…Therefore,…

Ontheonehand,…Ontheotherhand,…

Itistruethat…However,…

…,however,…Incontrast,…Ontheotherhand,…

Similarly,…

Anotherargumentagainst_____isthat…

Anotherdisadvantageof_____isthat…

InformalLetters

Aninformallettershouldbefairlyinformal–butdon’toverdoit!

Theexaminerwillnotbeimpressedbytextmessagingshorthandsuchas"

U"

foryou.Likewise,avoidexcessiveuseofslang:

yourobjectiveistodemonstrateyourknowledgeofstandardEnglishvocabularyandgrammar.

Thecontentofinformallettersisdifficulttopredict.However,theyoftenincludeanaccountofrecentevents.Ifyouhavetowritealetterlikethis,thentakecarewithyourverbs!

Also,trytousesometimephrases（e.g.Shortlyafterthat,Later,Thatafternoon,Afterdinner,…）Trytouseagoodrangeofvocabularytoo,avoidingdullwordssuchas"

nice"

"

fun"

and"

scary"

.

BEGINNINGS

∙Itwasgoodtohearfromyou.

∙Sorryfornotreplyingsooner.Ihavebeenverybusy.

∙Sorryfortakingsolongtoreply.Ihavebeenrevisingformyexams.

CONCLUSIONS

∙Well,that’sallmynewsfornow.

∙It’sgettinglate,soI’dbetterstopnow.

∙I’dbetterstopnow.It’spastmidnightandIhaveanexamtomorrow.

∙I’dbetterfinish–I’mrunningoutofspace.

∙Icanhardlywaittomeetyou.

∙Pleasewriteagainsoon.

∙Pleasekeepintouch.

∙Givemyregardsto…

BESTWISHES

∙LotsofLove

∙Regards

∙Thinkingofyou

Usefulvocabulary:

Ringmeup,pickmeup,keepmyfingerscrossedthat…,dropmealine,catchuponournews,letmeknow,putpentopaper,putyouup,

Sampleinformalletter:

Youareabroadspendingyourholidaysinaveryexcitingplacesyouhavealwayswantedtovisit.Thepeopleyoutravelwitharereallynicesoyouenjoytheircompanionship.Writealettertoyourfrienddescribingwhatyouhavebeendoingsofarandwhatyoustillplantodo.

DearAmy,

Thankyoualotforyourlastletter.Itwasanicesurprisetohearfromyou.It'

stakenmeagestoreplybutIhadtoorganisesomethingsconcerningmytrip.

AsyouprobablyrememberI'

vealwayswantedtovisitsomeunusualplaces.Andnow,atlast,offIwent!

Butyou'

dneverguesswhereI'

vechosentospendmyholiday.It'

sAntarctica!

Youwouldneverthinkofit,wouldyou?

I'

msoexcitedaboutthewholeevent!

ThepeopleItravelwithareincredible.It'

stheirfourteenthexpeditionthere.Theyknoweverypathinthesnowbyheartandtheyareveryhelpful.Theysharetheirknowledgeandexperiencewithme.Wouldyoubelievethathereeverythingisdifferent?

Youevenneedtosetyourtentinaspecialway.It'

sallverychallenging.TomorrowweplantomovefurtherNorthsoImaynotbeabletostayintouchforawhile.

Anyway,hopeyouareenjoyingyourholiday.Ihopewewillmeetsoonsothatwecancatchuponournews.Dropmea