Revise for IGCSE in ESL examWord文档格式.docx

1、 The suggested times for Exercises 5-7 include editing time. Do not write frantically until the invigilator calls out, “The exam is over. Please stop writing now.”You must spend a few minutes re-reading your work and making necessary changes not just corrections, but possibly also adding improvement

2、s such as transition phrases （“As a result of this”, “On the other hand”, “Finally” etc） or more expressive vocabulary （e.g. so fun thrilling / exhilarating）.General Points Regarding READING Tasks Do not waste time reading the text before you look at the questions. Do glance through it quickly so yo

3、u know what type of text it is （e.g. travel brochure, magazine article） and what the topic is. Then go straight to the questions and let each question guide your more detailed reading. You will not lose marks for grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors （unless, of course, your answer is impossib

4、le to understand!）. For most questions, a short answer is fine. There is no rule that you should write in full sentences. In fact, you would be wasting valuable time if you wrote lots of long answers. The first 15-20 questions require fast （but accurate!） reading: think of the 1 mark questions as ne

5、eding about one minute of reading on average. Practise reading texts in newspapers, magazines or textbooks and making notes of the main points. This can help you prepare for both the note-taking and summary writing tasks. General Points Regarding SUMMARY Tasks Read the instructions carefully: what a

6、re you being asked to write about? Half the marks are awarded for including relevant points, half for quality of language. Underline or box the relevant points in the original text before you try to write your summary. Do not write a long introduction! You might need to write something like “There a

7、re three main advantages of home schooling. Firstly ” but basically you should go straight to the point: do only what the instructions ask you to do! Organise the points in some way e.g. chronologically, or Problem-Solution, or Advantages-Disadvantages. Whatever seems right for the task! Simple conn

8、ectives such as Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly or In addition/AlsoConsequently can help to make your summary more coherent. Use your own words/phrases where possible. Feel free to change the order of points if that seems logical. Do not write too much: you will not receive any credit for points made after

9、 the word limit. （On the other hand, do not get stressed about writing a few words too many. You are allowed to go up to 120 words for the extended level and 70 for the core level）. General Points Regarding LISTENING If you want to do some Listening practice, remember you have 2 CD-ROMs in your copy

10、 of “IGCSE English as a Second Language” by Peter Lucantoni. For most of the questions, all you need is a brief answer （often just one word）. Do not just listen for words; listen to the meaning of what is being said! Try to predict what is coming next. Use the pauses for writing: if you write too so

11、on, you may miss something you should be listening to! In the note-taking tasks, think about the type of word that is required. For example, if a heading says “Purpose”, then it is likely that you need a list of verbs （e.g. To raise awareness, To conserve wildlife, To educate schoolchildren）. By con

12、trast, if a sentence says “This boat has attracted more _ than any other boat in the race”, then you should expect a noun to fill the gap e.g. publicity, funding, attention, visitors, trouble, photographers? If you write 2 answers and the first one is wrong, no points will be awarded. Spelling usual

13、ly does not matter. However, if an incorrect spelling could cause confusion about your meaning, then it will be marked incorrect. For example, bored is good; bord is incorrect but acceptable; but board is unacceptable. General Points Regarding WRITING TasksThere are some useful things you can do: Us

14、e a thesaurus （） to build up a variety of vocabulary e.g. ways of expressing common concepts:The trip was good.enjoyable, interesting, educational, informative, fascinating, eye-opening, inspirational, life-changingI felt scared.anxious, apprehensive, nervous, fearful, terrifiedI saw a man running d

15、own the street. sprinting, running at full peltI saw a woman stepping off the pavement into the road.spotted, noticed, observedThe council should make a skate park.construct, create, Opponents say that foxhunting is an important part of English culture.argue, claim, insist, maintainShe is a really n

16、ice person.warm, generous, considerate, helpful, easygoing, supportive Re-read model essays such as those below and think about how they are organised. Read your notes on various OPINION or for/against topics or （see a couple of examples below）; use these to scribble essay plans. Re-read good exampl

17、es of informal/formal letters Notice and practise writing common phrases found in formal letters: Re-read your notes on how to begin/end informal letters; make notes for a letter to a friend about a recent experience （e.g. taking part in a performance, winning a competition, meeting your hero, meeti

18、ng an old classmate, visiting a foreign country, learning a new skill）; work out what each paragraph is going to be about; make a note of likely connectives （the following day, by the end of our conversation, as a result, because of this, in the end etc.）; write the letter! Re-read old essays and th

19、ink about your most common errors （especially tenses, missing a/the, plural -s, uncountable nouns, prepositions of time/place -in Jakarta, in March, at night etc.; vocabulary go shopping, to be interested in, to apply for）; write new sentences that follow the correct patterns （e.g. My brother went s

20、hopping while my two sisters and I went fishing.） Revise lists of connecting words/phrases: Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, Finally For example, For instance, In addition, Also, Furthermore, What is more, As a result, Because of this, Consequently, Therefore, On the one hand, On the other hand, It is tr

21、ue that However, , however, In contrast, On the other hand, Similarly, Another argument against _ is that Another disadvantage of _ is that Informal LettersAn informal letter should be fairly informal but dont overdo it! The examiner will not be impressed by text messaging shorthand such as U for yo

22、u. Likewise, avoid excessive use of slang: your objective is to demonstrate your knowledge of standard English vocabulary and grammar. The content of informal letters is difficult to predict. However, they often include an account of recent events. If you have to write a letter like this, then take

23、care with your verbs! Also, try to use some time phrases （e.g. Shortly after that, Later, That afternoon, After dinner, ） Try to use a good range of vocabulary too, avoiding dull words such as nice, fun and scary.BEGINNINGS It was good to hear from you. Sorry for not replying sooner. I have been ver

24、y busy. Sorry for taking so long to reply. I have been revising for my exams. CONCLUSIONS Well, thats all my news for now. Its getting late, so Id better stop now. Id better stop now. Its past midnight and I have an exam tomorrow. Id better finish Im running out of space. I can hardly wait to meet y

25、ou. Please write again soon. Please keep in touch. Give my regards to BEST WISHES Lots of Love Regards Thinking of you Useful vocabulary:Ring me up, pick me up, keep my fingers crossed that, drop me a line, catch up on our news, let me know, put pen to paper, put you up, Sample informal letter:You a

26、re abroad spending your holidays in a very exciting places you have always wanted to visit. The people you travel with are really nice so you enjoy their companionship. Write a letter to your friend describing what you have been doing so far and what you still plan to do.Dear Amy,Thank you a lot for

27、 your last letter. It was a nice surprise to hear from you. Its taken me ages to reply but I had to organise some things concerning my trip.As you probably remember Ive always wanted to visit some unusual places. And now, at last, off I went! But youd never guess where Ive chosen to spend my holiday

28、. Its Antarctica! You would never think of it, would you? Im so excited about the whole event!The people I travel with are incredible. Its their fourteenth expedition there. They know every path in the snow by heart and they are very helpful. They share their knowledge and experience with me. Would

29、you believe that here everything is different? You even need to set your tent in a special way. Its all very challenging. Tomorrow we plan to move further North so I may not be able to stay in touch for a while.Anyway, hope you are enjoying your holiday. I hope we will meet soon so that we can catch up on our news. Drop me a