高中英语特殊句式全面讲解及练习含答案.docx
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高中英语特殊句式全面讲解及练习含答案
高中英语语法讲义第二讲——特殊句式
倒装句
通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”,有时为了强调句子的某一部分,或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要,将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒,就形成了倒装。
分为完全倒装,部分倒装和形式倒装。
一.完全倒装:
谓语动词完全置于主语之前,主语为名词不为代词,谓语不用进行时。
1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。
如:
here,there,now,then,up,down,in,out,
away,off,intheroom,onthewall等置于句首。
Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrella.
Thenfollowedthreedaysofheavyrain.
Outrushedthechildrenlaughingloudly.
Awayflewtheplane.
2.such位于句首。
SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.
注:
此句型中的such多被认为是表语,所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。
Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.
二.部分倒装:
只把谓语的一部分(助动词,情态动词或be动词)置于主语之前
1.so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,意为“...也是如此”。
Theylovemakinglotsoffriends;sodoI.
2.neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,意为“...也不这样”。
Lilycan’trideabicycle;neither/norcanLucy.
3.否定词never,seldom,nor,not,little,hardly,scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语atnotime,
under/innocircumstances,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition等置于句首时。
Notasinglemistakedidhemake.
=Hedidn’tmakeasinglemistake.
4.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。
OnlythendidIbegintounderstandhim.
Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.
Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.
5.so...that...和such...that...句式中,so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时,主句用部分倒装。
SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood
Suchprogressdidhemakethathewonmuchrespect.
3.形式倒装:
在语法上称为前置。
只把强调的内容提至句首,主谓并不倒装。
1.感叹句
Whataninterestingtalktheyhad!
=Howinterestingatalktheyhad!
2.the+比较级.....,the+比较级.....句型
ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.
3.whatever+n.或however+adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句
Whateverreasonsyouhave,youshouldcarryoutyourpromise.
Howeverdifficulttheproblemmaybe,wemustworkitoutthisevening.
4,as/though引导让步状从,表语、状语、含情态动词的谓语提前,表语为单数名词提前不用冠词。
Youngas/thoughhewas,hewassuccessful.
Childas/thoughheis,heknowsmuch.
题组训练
1.Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartyoukeepgoodrelationshipswithothers.
2.Atnotimetheyactuallybreaktherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.
3.OnlyafterMaryreadhercompositionthesecondtimeshenoticethespellingmistake.
4.---It’ssogood.NeverbeforeIhadsuchanicemeal!
---Iamgladyoulikeit.
答案:
1.will2.did3.did4.have
强调句
1.强调句型的陈述句形式:
Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。
被强调部分为“人”时可用who/that,被强调部分是“事物”时用that.
ItisIwho/thatamright(强调主语)
Itwashimthat/whowemetattheschoolgate.(强调宾语)
ItwasintheparkthatTomlosthiswatch.(强调状语)
2.强调句型的一般疑问句形式:
Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分
Wasitin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout?
IsitProfessorWangwhoteachesyouEnglish?
3.强调句型的特殊疑问句形式:
特殊疑问词+is/wasitthat+其他成分。
Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?
Whenwasitthatyoucalledmeyesterday?
Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?
4.有时可用Itmightbe......that/who....,Itmusthavebeen......that/who....句型表示强调。
Itmightbehisfatherthat/whoyou’rethinkingof.
Itmusthavebeenhisbrotherthat/whoyousaw.
5.not.....until....结构的强调句型。
其强调句式为:
Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+主句的肯定式
Hedidn’tgotobeduntilteno’clock.
Itwasnotuntilteno’clockthathewenttobed.
Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.
ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.
二对谓语动词的强调
Itis/was......who/that.....结构不能强调谓语动词。
强调谓语动词,用助动词do,does或did加原形。
Docomethisevening.
Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.
Tomdoesstudyhardnow.
三特殊疑问句中以“thedevil”“onearth”“intheworld”表“究竟;到底”之意来起强调的作用。
Whatonearthareyoudoing.?
题组训练
1.WasbecauseJackcamelateforschoolMr.Smithgotangry?
2.ItonlyafterhehadreadthepapersMr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete.
3.ItwasnotuntilIcamehereIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.
4.Itwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillagethehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.
其他特殊句式
一省略与代替
(1)定语从句中的省略现象
限制性定语从句中宾语的关系代词that,which,whom常可以省略。
如Sheisthegirl(whom/who/that)Iwouldliketoworkwith.
(2)状语从句中的省略现象
1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词,这时从句中可以出现下列结构:
(1)连词(though,if,when等)+形容词
Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.
(2)连词(asif,while等)+介词短语
Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.
(3)连词(when,while,though)+现在分词
While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.
(4)连词(when,if,unless,once,than等)+过去分词
Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.
(5)连词(asif,asthough等)+不定式
Heopenedhismouthasif(hewere)tosaysomething.
注:
当主从句的宾语一致时,有时也可以这样省略。
如:
Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhen(shewas)crossingthestreet.
2.当从句中的主语是it,谓语部分又含有be动词时,也可把it和be动词一起省略,构成“连词(if,unless,when,whenever等)+形容词”的结构。
Makeacarefulplanif(itis)possible.
Unless(itis)necessary,you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.
(3)不定式的省略,单独使用不定式符号to
1.代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常用在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,reuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面。
Iaskedhimtoseeafilm,buthedidn’twantto.
2.在have,need,ought,begoing,used等后面
Ididn’twanttogothere,butIhadto.
3.在某些形容词,如glad,happy,pleased,delighted后面。
---Willyoujoininthegame?
---I’dbegladto.
4.否定形式的省略用notto.
---ShallIgoinsteadofhim?
---Ipreferyounotto.
(4)用so或not代替前面提到的句子。
1.在if条件句中,常用so/that代替前面提到的句子。
Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot(=Ifyoudon’tgetupearly),youwillmissthefirstbus.
Hemaynotbeathomethen.Ifso(=Ifheisnotathome),leavehimanote.
2.think,hope,suppose,believe,imag