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53.52]Anotherreasonisthatfinalconsonantsoftenshowwhetheranounissingularorplura
59.95]orwhetheraverbisinthepastorpresenttense,forexample"
noun"
（singular）or"
nouns"
（plural
[02:
09.09]"
show"
（presenttense）or"
showed"
（pasttense）.
14.52]Ifyoudon'
trecognizefinalconsonantswhenyouhearthem,youmaynotbeabletounderstandEnglishspeakers
22.88]Ifyoudon'
tpronouncefinalconsonantsclearly,Englishspeakersmaynotbeabletounderstandyou.
31.08]ListeningExercise
33.75]ExerciseThree（b
37.25]1.youus
39.71]2.lielik
42.06]3.knownot
44.54]4.gogoa
46.92]5.playplagu
49.61]6.sosoa
52.24]7.rayrac
54.83]8.pawpaus
57.55]9.sighsid
[03:
00.24]10.twotoot
01.61]Exercises3（d）
04.80]1.bluebloo
07.10]2.baybath
09.27]3.rowrob
11.85]4.lielif
13.94]5.charcharg
16.14]6.keykee
18.39]7.marmars
20.61]8.carcarv
22.72]9.peapeac
25.02]10.wewhee
25.85]PronunciationExercise
28.54]Exercises4
30.79]1.rat
33.24]2.sho
35.67]3.chequ
37.87]4.car
40.48]5.pric
42.85]6.traffi
45.55]7.loca
48.16]8.credi
50.61]9.languag
53.25]10.surcharg
56.23]11.hote
58.68]12.foreig
[04:
01.45]13.subu
04.35]14.jacke
06.97]Exercises5（b）
10.02]1.drin
12.22]2.dam
14.31]3.bes
16.45]4.coat
18.88]5.rule
21.12]6.worl
23.58]7.make
25.88]8.bronz
28.33]9.coun
30.82]10.kep
33.14]11.card
35.78]12.tent
38.29]13.twelft
40.56]14.clothe
43.17]15.live
45.94]16.tomb
48.60]Exercises6（b）
51.56]1.painting
54.25]2.differen
56.89]3.mountain
59.81]4.provinc
[05:
02.84]5.interes
05.79]6.instanc
08.28]7.aroun
10.94]8.projec
13.45]Part
15.09]Pre-listeningExercises
17.81]Englishhasmorethanonesoundforeachofthewrittenvowelsa,e,i,o,and
25.33]Sometimesthesoundschangebecauseofspellingrules,butthemostcommonsoundchangeoccurswhenonesyllableisemphasized
36.46]orstressed,morethantheothers.Inwordsofmorethanonesyllable,onesyllableisalwaysstresse
45.00]Inlongwords,morethanonesyllablemaybestressed
49.76]Stressedsyllablesalwayshaveanomal,fullvowelsound,likethefirstsyllableof"
emphasized
58.01]Theunstressedvowelsintheothersyllablesareoftenreduced,thatis,spokenveryquicklyandquietly,likethe-a-in"
emphasized"
.
[06:
09.27]HaveyoueverbeenunalbetorecognizeanEnglishwordwhenyoufirsthearit,eventhoughyouknowthewordverywellwhenyouseeitinprint?
18.52]That'
sprobablybecausethewordcontainsoneormorereducedvowel
24.47]Reducedvowelsarespokenquicklyandquietly,sotheylosetheirdistinctivepronunciation.
32.81]TherearereallyonlytworeducedvowelsoundsinEnglish
37.20]Onesoundisthereduced/i/.Youcanhearitinawordlike"
im/tate
43.73]Theothersoundismorecommon.It'
susuallyrepresentedbythesoundsymbol/2
49.94]It'
susedforthereducedvowels/a/,/e/,/o/and/u/.Itsoundssomethinglikethepronunciationofthe-0-in"
pronunciation
[07:
00.92]the-a-intheword"
syllable"
orthe-e-in"
vowel"
-inotherwords,it'
shardlypronouncedatal
09.77]Thevowels,a,e,o,anduarewrittenwithdifferentlettersofthealphabet,buttheysoundalmostthesamewhenreduced.
18.81]It'
smoreimportanttobeabletohearreducedvowelsthantobeabletopronouncethe
24.66]（Englishspeakerswillunderstandyouevenifyoudon'
tusereducedvowels
29.75]Ifyoudon'
trecognizereducedvowelswhenyouhearthem,youmayhaveproblemsunderstandingwhatanEnglishspeakerissaying
37.72]It'
simportanttopractisenoticingreducedvowelsasyoureadandlistentothetextsinthisbook.
44.93]ListeningExercise
47.28]Exercises2（a）
50.05]1.agree
54.78]2.visi
58.65]3.garde
[08:
02.98]4.meta
06.33]5.roya
10.24]6.Chin
13.43]7.weathe
17.01]8.belie
20.67]9.civi
24.19]10.depen
27.98]11.defea
31.66]12.betwee
34.84]Exercises2（b）
37.77]1.alcohol
42.18]2.consultan
46.21]3.centur
50.54]4.musue
54.57]5.opiu
58.69]6.perio
[09:
02.46]7.histor
06.32]8.secon
10.00]9.contro
13.64]10.minut
17.06]11.carefu
20.56]12.natur
23.22]Exercises2（c）
26.43]fortabl
30.16]2.porcelai
34.00]3.vegetabl
38.24]4.dynast
42.13]5.origina
45.26]6.defeate
48.92]7.Confuciu
52.68]8.importan
56.68]9.differen
[10:
00.44]10.officia
03.86]11.palatia
07.52]12.sedimen
09.94]PronunciationExercise
12.84]Exercises3（b）
16.08]1.agre
18.41]2.visi
20.70]3.garde
22.95]4.meta
25.35]5.roy
27.91]6.Chin
30.63]7.weathe
33.50]8.belie
35.83]9.civi
38.21]10.depen
40.87]11.defea
43.51]12.betwee
45.99]Exercises4（b）
48.76]1.alcoho
51.06]2.consultan
53.85]3.centur
56.39]4.musue
58.50]5.opiu
[11:
00.88]6.perio
03.13]7.histor
05.40]8.secon
07.54]9.contro
09.89]10.minut
12.19]11.carefu
14.72]12.natur
17.05]Exercises5（b）
20.24]fortabl
23.03]2.porcelai
25.51]3.vegetabl
28.10]4.dynast
30.84]5.origina
33.35]6.defeate
36.17]7.Confuciu
39.36]8.importan
41.71]9.differen
44.35]10.officia
46.96]11.palatia
49.78]12.sedimen
52.42]Part
54.25]Pre-listeningExercis
57.12]Exercises1（b）
[12:
00.13]InEnglish,somesyllablesandwordsarespokenmoreloudlyandclearlythanothers.
06.58]ThisdifferenceinemphasisgivesspokenEnglishitscharacteristicrhythmandmelod
13.42]Forexample,manyEnglishwordscontainserveralsyllableswithfullvowelsounds.
19.77]Onevowelisalwaysemphasized,orstressed,morethantheothers,forexample,"
contain"
"
emphasized"
example
29.64]Didyounoticeintheseexamplesthatthestressedvowelcanbeindifferentpositionsintheword
36.36]Whenyoufirstmeetanewwordintheunitsthatfollow,thevoweltobeemphasizedwillalawysbeinholdfacetype.
44.38]Somewordswiththesamespellingchangetoadifferentpartofspeechwhendifferentsyllablesareemphasized
51.20]Themeetingcanalsochange.Forexample,theadjective"
present"
meaning"
hereandnow
58.74]changestobeverb"
give"
ifthestressonthesyllablechanges
[13:
05.82]Stressingthewrongvowelinthistypeofwordmayconfuseyourliteners.
11.57]Englishalsousesstresstoindicatetheimportantwordsinphrases,clausesandsentences
20.16]Astressedwordisspokenmoreclearlythananunstressedword.Emphasizingimportantwordsmakesthelistenerpayattentiontothesewords.
30.85]Stressedwordsareusuallynouns,verbs,adverbsandotherwordsthatcontainalotofinformation
39.03]Wordssuchas"
the"
an"
to"
or"
from"
arenormallynotstressed.
46.24]Whenyouspeak,stressonlytheimportantwords
50.15]Listenersfindithardtoknowexactlywhatyoumeanifyouemphasizeunimportantwords
57.05]Whenyoulisten,payattentiontothestressedwordstoimproveyourlisteningcomprehension.
[14:
03.71]ListeningExercise
06.35]Exercises2（a）
09.09]1.gian
12.75]2.adjus
16.20]3.happ
19.46]4.depen
22.96]5.expert
26.86]6.regio
30.33]7.peopl
33.70]8.percen
37.04]9.aroun
40.31]10.eatin
44.17]11.improv
47.78]12.avoi
49.91]Exercises2（b）
52.81]1.transportatio
56.97]2.populatio
[15:
01.12]3.remembe
05.14]4.brillian
08.85]5.beautifu
12.35]6.museu
15.80]7.defeate
19.43]8.characte
22.85]9.differen
26.59]10.ceremon
30.30]11.economicall
34.27]12.everyon
36.46]Exercises3（a）
39.78]1.attheairpor
44.37]2.subwaytrai
49.07]3.busservic
53.72]4.tothemarke
57.85]5.historicbuilding
[16:
02.63]6.railwaylin
07.26]7.ontherive
11.20]8.tothecoas
15.64]9.transportationsyste
21.23]10.centralChin
25.93]11.mooncake
29.75]12.blackin
32.74]Exercises3（b）
36.30]1.vegetables,meatorotheringredient
46.
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