初中英语语法知识大全Word文档格式.docx

上传人:b****7 文档编号:22241113 上传时间:2023-02-03 格式:DOCX 页数:45 大小:59.66KB
下载 相关 举报
初中英语语法知识大全Word文档格式.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共45页
初中英语语法知识大全Word文档格式.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共45页
初中英语语法知识大全Word文档格式.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共45页
初中英语语法知识大全Word文档格式.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共45页
初中英语语法知识大全Word文档格式.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共45页
点击查看更多>>
下载资源
资源描述

初中英语语法知识大全Word文档格式.docx

《初中英语语法知识大全Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初中英语语法知识大全Word文档格式.docx(45页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。

初中英语语法知识大全Word文档格式.docx

有些名词的复数构成是不规则的,如:

child-children,foot-feet。

goose-geese,mouse-mice,man-men,ox-oxen,tooth-teeth,woman-women等。

例如:

Everyfallgeesef1yoverthehouse.

Thedentisttoldhimthatseveralteethofhisneedtobefilled.

Mrs.Smithhasthreechildren,andTonnyistheyoungestone.

Ithinkwe'

vegotmiceinthekitchen.

有些名词的单复数形式是一样的,如:

Chinese,Japanese,Burmese(缅甸),Spanish(西班牙),Lebanese(黎巴嫩),Portuguese(葡萄牙),Swiss(瑞士).sheep,deer,swine(猪),fish,carp(鲤鱼),salmon(鲑),means,series,species,aircraft,spacecraft等。

Thebestfisharenearthebottom.

WhentheygottotheNewWorld,SpanishconstructedtheirhouseswithMoorisharchitecturalfeatures.

Isawawhitesheeprunningdowntheroad.

Judgingbyhislanguage,hemustbeaJapanese.

在表示一类事物时,介词of后的名词要用复数形式。

Beethovenisofthegreatestmusiciansintheworld.

TheAnimalArtFestivalisbeingheldatShanghaizoo,whichisoneofthemostwelcomefestivalsinthecity.

Asoneofthecountriesthatbearresponsibilityfortheincident,GermanChancellorSchroederholdsthattheorganizationshouldapologizetoChinesegovernmentunconditionally.

SheisoneofthethreemartyrswhowerekilledinNATO'

sbombingontheChineseEmbassyinYugoslavia.

大多数集体名词可作单数,也可作复数,如:

army,audience,class,committee,crew(全体船员,乘务员),crowd,faculty,family,governmentgrouporchestra,public,team,union等。

但有些虽然是单数形式,却用作复数,如:

cattle(牡畜)mankind(人类),militia(民兵),people,police,poultry(家畜),staff(全体职员)等。

ThepresidentsaidtheChineseGowrnmentispayingcloseattentiontodevelopmentsinthismatter,andcontinuestoreservetherighttotakefutureaction.

Thecattle,weregrazingonthemeadownearthefarm.

Theaudiencewereamusedbyhishumorousstories.

Myfamilyisfarawayfromtheschool.

有些名词只有复数形式,而且也只用作复数,如:

clothes,glasses,spectacles,pants,arms(武器),belongings(所有物),customs(海关),goods(货物),suburbs(郊区),papers(文件)等;

而有些名词形式为复数,却用作单数,如:

electronics(电子学),mathematics(数学),optics(光学),politics,statistics(统计学)等。

Theshortshewearsaremadeofleather.

Linguisticsisadifficultsubjecttostudy.

Heusedtostudyelectronicswhichisn’thisfavoritesuject.

Ilovetoliveinthesuburbsthatareconclusive.

有些名词一般情况下以单数形式出现,表示总体。

但如果表示若干、多次或几种时,则要用其复数。

这类词有:

hair,fruit,pollution,rain,difficulty,success,wind,failure,favour等。

ThebarberhadbeencuttinghumanhairfortwoyearsbeforehecametoLosAngeles.

Motherboughtoranges,bananasandotherfruits.

Thesecavescollapseeasilyinheavyrains,andgreatwinds.

He’shavingfinancialdifficulties.

有些名词一般只有单数形式,它们通常是表示物质和抽象概念的不可数名词,像:

advice,baggage,bread,corn,clothing,equipment,education,fun,furniture,food,fruit,garbage,grass,happiness,homework,housework,humanity,information,knowledge,landscape,1aughter,machinery,mankind,merchandise,money,music,nonsense,nature,

population,progress,scenery,smoke,sweat,strength,traffic,thunder,ink,jewellery,damage,mail,work,soap,sugar,gold,chalk,cloth,anger,applause,cake,chocolate,poverty等。

Imustseektheadviceofaspecialistinthematterofthetransferofpropertyrights.

Headacheisthemostcommondiseaseofhuman.

Ireallygetalotoffunfromreadinginleisuretime.

ThepopulationofShanghaiisverybig.

有些名词单复数的含义不同,使用时要根据上下文的意思进行选择。

这类词包括:

communication(通讯)—communications(通讯系统,通讯工具),cloth(布)--clothes(衣服),content(内容)--contents(目录),convenience(便利)--conveniences(便利设备),humanity(人类)--humanities(人文科学),necessity(需要)-necessities(必需品),wood(木材)-woods(树林),pain(疼痛)—pains(辛劳),ruin(毁灭)-ruins(废墟,遗迹),sand(沙子)--sands(沙滩),work(工作)--works(工厂,著作)等。

“Hometown”isoneofLuXun’smostfamousworks.

Theinsurancecompanypaid$98,700indamagesfortheaccident.

Mychildenjoysplayingonthesands.

Nopains,nogains.

有些名词只有复数形式。

如:

fundamentals(基本原则),goods(货物),means(方法),shorts(短裤),sweets(欢乐),valuables(贵重物品)等。

Thefundamentalsaremadetoguaranteethesocialstability

Don’ttakeanyvaluablesthereforthesakeofsafety.

Thegoodswerepurchasedfromhimaren’texpensive.

Ithinkourproblemcanbesolvedbymeansofnegotiation.

名词做定语时,不能用作复数。

Pleasecheckyourexaminationpapercarefullyafterfinishing。

TheChina'

sCentralTelevisionStationsuppliesweatherreporteveryday,

You'

dbetterinformmyfamilymembersbeforeleavingforBeijing.

TheUnitedStatesandGermanyaretwomemberstatesofNATO.

复合名词的复数只把其中所包含的主体名词变成复数。

looker(s)--on,runner(s)-up,son(s)-in-law,editor(s)-in-chief,passer(s)-by,grand-child(ren),armyman(armymen),room-number(s),shoelace(s),dinnerplate(s),bloodtype(s)等。

如果没有主体名词,就在最后一个词上加复数词尾。

go-between(s),drawback(s)等。

注意以man,woman构成的复合名词,全部变成复数。

man-servant—men-servants,woman-soldier—women-soldiers。

Wouldyoubringmesomedinnerplates?

Wehadawonderfultalkwithsomewomen-soldiers.

Don’tregardyourselvesaspassers-byundersuchcircumstances.

Weareofdifferentbloodtypes.

名词的所有格一般在词尾加’s,已有复数词尾-s的,只加’。

Wemustworkhardtofulfilthecountry’splans.

Theschooliswithinastone’sthrow.

Nearbyareherrelatives’houses.

CouldyoutellmetheSmiths’saddres?

名词所有格有时还可以和of构成短语,有以下两种情况:

1)它所修饰的词前面有一个表示数量的词,如:

a,two,several,some,any,no,few等。

2)它所修饰的词前面有+个指示代词,使句子表示某种情绪。

SeveralstudentsofLaoYang’sactedintheplay.

WesawaplayGuoMoro'

s.

Atbirth,theheadofababyisextremelylargeinrelationtotherestofthebody。

IhavesomerecordsofNaYing'

2.代词的用法

1)人称代词有主格人称代词,在句中充当主语:

I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they和宾格人称代词,在句中充当宾语:

me,you,him,her,it,us,you;

them。

Wehaven'

tseeneachotherforalongtimesincehewentabroad.

Letyouandmehaveanappointmentforthenextweekend.

Haveyougotanyideaaboutthisissue?

Telluswhateveryou'

veheard.

2)物主代词可在句中作定语,有指人的:

my,our,your,his,her和their;

有指物的:

it,his或her(指国家或轮船)。

名词性物主代词作表语、主语、宾语,与of连用可作定语:

yours,ours,theirs,mine,her,his,its。

Tonnyisanoldfriendofmine.

Mydormitoryisnexttoyours,andMary'

sisonthethirdfloor.

Titanicsankwithherseveralthousandpassengers.

Nexttimeit'

sonmytreat.

3)反身代词亦称自身代词,可作宾语、表语,作主语或宾语的同位语,还与某些动词连用,与介词连用构成成语。

有:

myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves。

Thesechildrenaretooyoungtotakecareofthemselves.

Don'

tworry,hewillbehimselfagainsoon.

AlthoughUncleGeorgeisabad-temperedman,Ithinkheisakindmaninhimself.

Youshouldberesponsibleforyourself.

4)相互代词表示相互关系,有:

eachother(两者之间)和oneanother(多者之间)。

ImetMissScottthismorning,andwegreetedeachother.

Weshouldlearnfromoneanotherandmakeprogresstogether,

5)指示代词在句中充当主语、宾语和定语,有:

this,that,these,those。

Such也是指示代词,可作定语、主语和表语,修饰可数名词时要与a连用。

NowadaysTVprogramsaremuchmorecolorfulthanthoseOfthepast.

Themoneyspentonentertainment,accordingtosomeauthorities,hasexceededthatspentonpublichealth.

Iwanttoknowthis:

areyoutalkingabouttheaccidentIencounteredyesterday?

Hisfutureiscloselyboundwiththatofthecompany。

Youshouldn'

ttrustonsuchapersonwhoneverkeepshispromise.

6)疑问代词有who,whom,whose,whatwhich。

who可作主语和表语;

whom作宾语,whose,what,which可作主语、表语、宾语和定语,其中作主语时,要看所代表的人或物是单数还是复数,如果不清楚,则动词一般用单数。

Whowillseetothismatter?

Whomhaveyouchosentoberesponsibleforthework?

Itishardtodecidewhoseisbetter.

What’sonyourschedule?

Whichuniversitydidheenteratlast?

7)关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which。

which代表事物,that代表人或物;

在非限制性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who(m)代表人,用which代表物,或代表主句所说的全部内容。

在带有a11,something,nothing,anything,much等的句子中不能用which,而用that。

Ourfootballteamwasdefeatedagain,whichshowsourplayersneedmuchmoreeffort.

Thefactorynowhasover1,000workers,halfofwhomarewomen.

Hepromisedtotellusallthatheknew.

Whoseturntomakepresentationisbcyondme.

8)连接代词有:

what,who,whonl,whose,which,用来连接主语从句、宾语从句和表浯从句。

Whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever为复合代词。

Ididn'

tknowwhattodoatthatverymoment.

ThegovernmentsellpublichousestowhoeverprovidesenoughamountOfmoney.

WhomeverIworryaboutisnoneofyourbusiness.

Takewhicheveryoulike,please.

第二节形容词与副词

形容词和副词在语法结构上都有比较级和最高级,它们的构成方法基本上一样,都与音节多少有关,有些形容词和副词有特殊的比较级和最高级形式。

二者基本分为同级比较、比较级和最高级三种形式。

1.形容词与副词的用法

形容词中有词形相近的,也有词义相近的,应注意区别。

1)behind(在后的)---hind(后部的),considerate(周到的,体贴的)---considerable(应考虑的),eminent(闻名的)--imminent(紧迫的),gracious(亲切的)---graceful(优雅的),like(有生命的)---alive(活的),industrious(勤劳的)--industrial(工业的),like(同样的)---alike(同样的,仅作表语),opposite(相对的)---opposing(反对的),perspective(透视的)---respective(各自的),sensitive(伤感的)---sensible(明显的),etc,。

WedidenjoyyourstayinginBeijing,andMrs.Yanisreallyconsiderate.

ProfessorLihasmanyworld-famousinventions,andheisrespectabletous.

Asanyoneknowsthatweuseourfrontteethforbitingandourhindteethforchewing.

It’saconsiderablesuccessforhim.

2)elemental(初步的)--fundamental(基本的),eligible(合格的)--capable(能干的),flexible(灵活的)--changeable(可改变的),initial(最初的)--preliminary(初步的,预备的),slack(松弛的)--lazy(懒惰的),valueless(无价值的)--priceless(无价的),vivid(生动的)一living(活的),etc.。

Henry’sspeechwassovividthathisaudienceapplaudedagainandagain,

Itiseasiertoadapttonewsituationsifonehasaflexibleattitude.

Wehavefinishedthepreliminaryexam.

Yoursuggestionispriceless,and1willconsidercarefully.

3)有些词尾为-ly的并非副词,而是形容词,如:

lovdy,likdy,deadly,earthly(现世的),leisurdy(空闲的),weekly,yearly,manly(丈夫

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 高等教育 > 农学

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1