考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译1994.docx

考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译1994.docx

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考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译1994

考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译

（1994－2012）

2012

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Comeon–Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.

Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:

InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.

Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:

theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!

”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.

Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.

There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:

weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.

Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:

intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.

21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas

根据第一段，同龄人的压力通常以什么样的状态出现：

[A]asupplementtothesocialcure

对于社会治疗的补充

[B]astimulustogroupdynamics

对于团队活力的刺激

[C]anobstacletoschoolprogress

学校进步的阻碍

[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors

一些不良行为的原因

解析：

这是一个细节题：

对应文中Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.题干中的often对应原文中的usually;选项中undesirablebehaviors对应nogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.lead对于cause.完美替换，四级难度，出题人很仁慈。

22.Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshould

罗森博格认为公共支持者应该：

[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers

招募职业的广告人

[B]learnfromadvertisers’experience

从广告人那里学习经验

[C]stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers

远离商业广告人

[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements

认识到广告的局限性

解析：

本题为细节题，根据题干定位到：

三段最后一句：

Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.这样的句子的理解难点是一个短语：

takeapagefrom向谁学习，如果不懂，可以看后面的soskilledatapplying，也能熟练的运用，一个“也”道出天机，小词有大乾坤啊!

23.Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsto

作者认为Rosenberg未能：

[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors

足够的探究社会和生物因素

[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure

有效地逃避社会治疗的缺点

[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding

例证出国家基金的功能

[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect

产生长期的社会影响

解析：

细节题问观点;对应句子Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.指出不足;后面一句中的主语JointheClub为此人所写，所以后面的表述就是他的观点：

notenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.：

完美替换exploration对probe;

24.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors

第五段表明对于行为的模仿：

[A]isharmfultoournetworksoffriends

对于朋友的网络是有害的

[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies

会误导对于行为的研究

[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit

在没有意识到的时候就出现了

[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits

会产生不良的健康习惯

解析：

细节题;对应句子Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:

weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.对unconsciously完美替换。

25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis

作者在最后一段中认为同龄