单词英语考试外语学习教育专区docWord文档格式.docx

单词英语考试外语学习教育专区docWord文档格式.docx

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LOCALIZED<

anesthesiabymeansofaregionalblock>

diversity

noun\de-vQr-S8-te,dT-\

thequalityorstateofhavingmanydifferentforms,types,ideas,etc.

thestateofhavingpeoplewhoaredifferentracesorwhohavedifferentculturesinagroupororganization

appropriate

transitiveverb\a-pro-pre-at\

togetorsave（money）foraspecificuseorpurpose

totakeoruse（something）especiallyinawaythatisillegal,unfair,etc.

adjective\q-prd-pre-at\

rightorsuitedforsomepurposeorsituation

justicenoun\jas-tes\

theprocessorresultofusinglawstofairlyjudgeandpunishcrimesandcriminals

ajudgeinacourtoflaw

Justice—usedasatitleforajudge（suchasajudgeoftheU.S.SupremeCourt）

noun（ConciseEncyclopedia）

Inphilosophy,theconceptofaproperproportionbetweenaperson'

sdeserts（whatismerited）andthegoodandbadthingsthatbefallorareallottedtohimorher.ARISTOTLE’SdiscussionofthevirtueofjusticehasbeenthestartingpointforalmostallWesternaccounts.Forhim,thekeyelementofjusticeistreatinglikecasesalike,anideathathassetlaterthinkersthetaskofworkingoutwhichsimilarities（need,desert,talent）arerelevant.Aristotledistinguishesbetweenjusticeinthedistributionofwealthorothergoods（distributivejustice）andjusticeinreparation,as,forexample,inpunishingsomeoneforawronghehasdone（retributivejustice）.Thenotionofjusticeisalsoessentialinthatofthejuststate,acentralconceptinpoliticalphilosophy.Seealsolaw.

unacceptable

adjective\en-ik-sep-te-bal,-ak-\

notpleasingorwelcome:

notacceptable

threshold

noun\thresh-hold,thre-shdld\

apieceofwood,metal,orstonethatformsthebottomofadoorandthatyouwalkoverasyouenteraroomorbuilding

thepointorlevelatwhichsomethingbeginsorchanges

disastrous

adjective\di-zas-tresalso-sas-\

causinggreatsufferingorloss

verybadorunfortunate

resource

noun\re-sors,-zors,ri-\

somethingthatacountryhasandcanusetoincreaseitswealth

asupplyofsomething（suchasmoney）thatsomeonehasandcanusewhenitisneeded

aplaceorthingthatprovidessomethinguseful

fair

adjective\fer\

agreeingwithwhatisthoughttoberightoracceptable

treatingpeopleinawaythatdoesnotfavorsomeoverothers

nottooharshorcritical

SynonymDiscussionofFAIR

FAIR,JUST,EQUITABLE,IMPARTIAL,UNBIASED,DISPASSIONATE,OBJECTIVEmeanfreefromfavortowardeitheroranyside・FAIRimpliesaproperbalanceofconflict!

nginterests<

afairdecision>

・JUSTimpliesanexactfollowingofastandardofwhatisrightandproper<

ajustsettlementofterritorialclaims>

.EQUITABLEimpliesalessrigorousstandardthanJUSTandusuallysuggestsequaltreatmentofallconcerned<

theequitabledistributionoftheproperty>

・IMPARTIALstressesanabseneeoffavororprejudicevanimpartialthirdparty>

.UNBIASEDimpliesevenmorestronglyanabseneeofallprejudice<

yourunbiasedopinion>

.

DISPASSIONATEsuggestsfreedomfromtheinfluenceofstrongfeelingandoftenimpliescoolorevencoldjudgment<

adispassionatesummationofthefacts>

.OBJECTlVEstressesatendencytovieweventsorpersonsasapartfromoneselfandone'

sowninterestorfeelings<

1can'

tbeobjectiveaboutmyownchild>

noun\fer\

1obsolete:

beauty,fairness

somethingthatisfairorfortunate（see1FAIR）

3archaic:

woman；

especially:

sweetheart

—forfair

tothegreatestextentordegree:

FULLY<

therushisonforfair>

—nofair

somethingthatisnotaccordingtotherules<

thatfsnofair>

adverb\fer\

inamannerthatishonestorimpartialorthatconformstorules:

inafairmanner<

playfair>

2:

chieflyBritish:

FAIRLY3<

fairmakesyouwanttocry>

sideeffect

anoftenharmfulandunwantedeffectofadrugorchemicalthatoccursalongwiththedesiredeffect

aresultofanactionthatisnotexpectedorintended

asecondaryandusuallyadverseeffect（asofadrug）<

toxicsideeffects>

<

asideeffectofdrowsinesscausedbyantihistamines>

—calledalsosidereaction

viciouscircle

arepeatingsituationorconditioninwhichoneproblemcausesanotherproblemthatmakesthefirstproblemworse

trade-off

noun\trad-of\

asituationinwhichyoumustchoosebetweenorbalaneetwothingsthatareoppositeorcannotbehadatthesametime

somethingthatyoudonotwantbutmustacceptinordertohavesomethingthatyouwant

distribution

noun\dis-tra・byu-shan\

theactofgivingordeliveringsomethingtopeople

theactofdeliver!

ngsomethingtoastoreorbusiness

thewaythatsomethingisdividedorspreadout

slipperyslope

aprocessorseriesofeventsthatishardtostoporcontrolonceithasbegunandthatusuallyleadstoworseormoredifficultthings

privacy

noun\prT-va-se,especiallyBritishpri-\

thestateofbeingalone:

thestateofbeingawayfromotherpeople:

thestateofbeingawayfrompublicattention

paradox

noun\per-o・daks,pa-re-\

something（suchasasituation）thatismadeupoftwooppositethingsandthatseemsimpossiblebutisactuallytrueorpossible

someonewhodoestwothingsthatseemtobeoppositetoeachotherorwhohasqualitiesthatareopposite

astatementthatseemstosaytwooppositethingsbutthatmaybetrue

Medical:

aninstanceofaparadoxicalphenomenonorreaction

supply

verb\sa-pli\

tomake（something）availabletobeused:

toprovidesomeoneorsomethingwith（somethingthatisneededorwanted）

theamountofsomethingthatisavailabletobeused

supplies:

things（suchasfood,equipment,fuel,etc.）thatareneededforaparticularpurposeandthatwillbeusedbyaparticularpersonorgroup

theprocessorsystembywhichsomethingisprovidedtoaperson,place,etc.

demand

noun\di-mand,-m召nd,de-\

aforcefulstatementinwhichyousaythatsomethingmustbedoneorgiventoyou

astrongneedforsomething

theabilityandneedordesiretobuygoodsandservices

verb

tosayinaforcefulwaythatsomethingmustbedoneorgiventoyou:

tosaythatyouhavearightto（something）

tosayorask（something）inaveryforcefulway

torequire（something）

unprecedented

adjective\pre-sa-den-tad\

notdoneorexperieneedbefore

taxation

nounMak-sa-shen\

theaction,process,orsystemoftaxingpeopleorthings

perspective

noun\par-spek-tiv\

archaic:

anopticalglass（asatelescope）

noun\per・spek-tiv\

1

a:

thetechniqueorprocessofrepresentingonaplaneorcurvedsurfacethespatialrelationofobjectsastheymightappeartotheeye;

specifically:

representationinadrawingorpaintingofparallellinesasconverginginordertogivetheillusionofdepthanddistanee

b:

apictureinperspective

2

theinterrelationinwhichasubjectoritspartsarementallyviewed<

placestheissuesinproperperspective〉;

also:

POlNTOFVIEW

thecapacitytoviewthingsintheirtruerelationsorrelativeimportance<

tryingtomaintainmyperspective>

3

avisibleseene;

onegivingadistinctiveimpressionofdistanee:

VISTA

amentalvieworprospect<

togainabroaderperspectiveontheinternationalseene—CurrentBiography>

4

theappearancetotheeyeofobjectsinrespecttotheirrelativedistanceandpositions

——per・spec・tiv・al\par-spek-ti-vel,par-（）spek・U・v3\adjective

adjective\par-spek-tiv\

obsolete:

aidingthevisionvhiseyesshouldbelikeuntothewrongendofaperspectiveglass—AlexanderPope>

of,relatingto,employing,orseeninperspective<

perspectivedrawing>

（see-PERSPECTIVE）

Depictionofthree-dimensionalobjectsandspatialrelationshipsonatwo・dimensionalplane.InWesternart,illusionsofvolumeandspacearegenerallycreatedbyuseofthelinearperspectivesystem,basedontheobservationthatobjectsappeartoshrinkandparallellinestoconvergeataninfinitelydistantvanishingpointastheyrecedeinspacefromtheviewer.ThevanishingpointmayhavebeenknowntotheGreeksandRomansbuthadbeenlostuntilFlLIPPOBRUNELLESCHIrediscoveredtheprinciplesoflinearorwmathematicalnperspectiveearlyinthe15thcentury.LinearperspectivedominatedWesternpaintinguntilthelate19thcentury,whenpAULQEZANNEflattenedtheconventionalpictureplane.TheCUBISTSandother20th-centurypaintersabandoneddepictionofthree・dimensionalspacealtogether.Seea/S0AERIALPERSPECTIVE.

consequently

adverb\kan（t）-se-kwent-le,・si・kwont・\

asaresult:

inviewoftheforegoing:

ACCORDINGLY

obvious

adjective\ab-ve-es\:

easytoseeornotice

easyforthemindtounderstandorrecognize

Democracy

1.a:

governmentbythepeople;

especially:

ruleofthemajority

b:

agovernmentinwhichthesupremepowerisvestedinthepeopleandexercisedbythemdirectlyorindirectlythroughasystemofrepresentationusuallyinvolvingperiodicallyheldfreeelections

apoliticalunitthathasademocraticgovernment

3：

capitalized:

theprinciplesandpoli