英文演讲交流技巧Word格式.docx
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4.Whenitistimetopresent,getupandsmile.
5.Beginyourpresentationandkeepeyecontactwiththeentireroom.
6.Donotsticktoascript.Benaturalandateasewhilepresenting.
7.Keepyourvoiceflexible.modulateyourvoicetoemphasizemajorpointsandmostimportantly,avoidmonotony.
8.Summarizewhatyouhavesaid(nomorethanoneminute)tohelpendyourpresentation.
[edit]Tips
∙Thefirsttimeslothelpsavoidwaitingandanticipation,butthelastgivesyoumoretimetowork.
∙Nooneenjoysadullface.Socheerupandpresentwithenthusiasm!
∙Maintaineyecontactwithpeoplearoundtheroomandyourteacher.However,donotfocusyourattentionatoneperson,especiallynotyourteacher.
∙Ifyouaredoingapower-pointpresentation,avoidreadingoffthescreen.Instead,usenotecards,andtheinformationonthescreenshouldonlysummarizewhatyouaresaying.
∙Avoidtheurgetocorrectyourselfinthemiddleofasentence.Weallmakemistakes!
∙Theideaofapresentationistoconveyamessage,nottoimpresspeopleorappearveryintelligent.So,maintainyourfocusondeliveringgoodinformation.Thistipisgoodforaclassroom.
∙Keepyourhandsbelowyourshoulderssotheaudiencedoesnotgetdistracted.
[edit]Warnings
∙Avoidreadingoffascriptorapower-pointscreen.Thisjustshowseveryoneyourlackofconfidence.
∙Donotgetintoargumentswiththeaudience.Youcanalwayssayyouwillcheckandgetbacktothem.
Knowtheneedsofyouraudienceandmatchyourcontentstotheirneeds.Knowyourmaterialthoroughly.Putwhatyouhavetosayinalogicalsequence.Ensureyourspeechwillbecaptivatingtoyouraudienceaswellasworththeirtimeandattention.Practiceandrehearseyourspeechathomeorwhereyoucanbeateaseandcomfortable,infrontofamirror,yourfamily,friendsorcolleagues.Useatape-recorderandlistentoyourself.Videotapeyourpresentationandanalyzeit.Knowwhatyourstrongandweakpointsare.Emphasizeyourstrongpointsduringyourpresentation.
Whenyouarepresentinginfrontofanaudience,youareperformingasanactorisonstage.Howyouarebeingperceivedisveryimportant.Dressappropriatelyfortheoccasion.Besolemnifyourtopicisserious.Presentthedesiredimagetoyouraudience.Lookpleasant,enthusiastic,confident,proud,butnotarrogant.Remaincalm.Appearrelaxed,evenifyoufeelnervous.Speakslowly,enunciateclearly,andshowappropriateemotionandfeelingrelatingtoyourtopic.Establishrapportwithyouraudience.Speaktothepersonfarthestawayfromyoutoensureyourvoiceisloudenoughtoprojecttothebackoftheroom.Varythetoneofyourvoiceanddramatizeifnecessary.Ifamicrophoneisavailable,adjustandadaptyourvoiceaccordingly.
Bodylanguageisimportant.Standing,walkingormovingaboutwithappropriatehandgestureorfacialexpressionispreferredtosittingdownorstandingstillwithheaddownandreadingfromapreparedspeech.Useaudio-visualaidsorpropsforenhancementifappropriateandnecessary.MastertheuseofpresentationsoftwaresuchasPowerPointwellbeforeyourpresentation.Donotover-dazzleyouraudiencewithexcessiveuseofanimation,soundclips,orgaudycolorswhichareinappropriateforyourtopic.Donottortureyouraudiencebyputtingalengthydocumentintinyprintonanoverheadandreadingitouttothem.
Speakwithconvictionasifyoureallybelieveinwhatyouaresaying.Persuadeyouraudienceeffectively.Thematerialyoupresentorallyshouldhavethesameingredientsasthatwhicharerequiredforawrittenresearchpaper,i.e.alogicalprogressionfromINTRODUCTION(Thesisstatement)toBODY(strongsupportingarguments,accurateandup-to-dateinformation)toCONCLUSION(re-statethesis,summary,andlogicalconclusion).
Donotreadfromnotesforanyextendedlengthoftimealthoughitisquiteacceptabletoglanceatyournotesinfrequently.Speakloudlyandclearly.Soundconfident.Donotmumble.Ifyoumadeanerror,correctit,andcontinue.Noneedtomakeexcusesorapologizeprofusely.
Maintainsincereeyecontactwithyouraudience.Usethe3-secondmethod,e.g.lookstraightintotheeyesofapersonintheaudiencefor3secondsatatime.Havedirecteyecontactwithanumberofpeopleintheaudience,andeverynowandthenglanceatthewholeaudiencewhilespeaking.Useyoureyecontacttomakeeveryoneinyouraudiencefeelinvolved.
Speaktoyouraudience,listentotheirquestions,respondtotheirreactions,adjustandadapt.Ifwhatyouhavepreparedisobviouslynotgettingacrosstoyouraudience,changeyourstrategymid-streamifyouarewellpreparedtodoso.Rememberthatcommunicationisthekeytoasuccessfulpresentation.Ifyouareshortoftime,knowwhatcanbesafelyleftout.Ifyouhaveextratime,knowwhatcouldbeeffectivelyadded.Alwaysbepreparedfortheunexpected.
Pause.Allowyourselfandyouraudiencealittletimetoreflectandthink.Don'
tracethroughyourpresentationandleaveyouraudience,aswellasyourself,feelingoutofbreath.
Addhumorwheneverappropriateandpossible.Keepaudienceinterestedthroughoutyourentirepresentation.Rememberthataninterestingspeechmakestimefly,butaboringspeechisalwaystoolongtoendureevenifthepresentationtimeisthesame.
Whenusingaudio-visualaidstoenhanceyourpresentation,besureallnecessaryequipmentissetupandingoodworkingorderpriortothepresentation.Ifpossible,haveanemergencybackupsystemreadilyavailable.
Checkoutthelocationaheadoftimetoensureseatingarrangementsforaudience,whiteboard,blackboard,lighting,locationofprojectionscreen,soundsystem,etc.aresuitableforyourpresentation.
Havehandoutsreadyandgivethemoutattheappropriatetime.Tellaudienceaheadoftimethatyouwillbegivingoutanoutlineofyourpresentationsothattheywillnotwastetimetakingunnecessarynotesduringyourpresentation.
KnowwhentoSTOPtalking.Useatimerorthemicrowaveovenclocktotimeyourpresentationwhenpreparingitathome.Justasyoudon'
tuseunnecessarywordsinyourwrittenpaper,youdon'
tboreyouraudiencewithrepetitiousorunnecessarywordsinyouroralpresentation.Toendyourpresentation,summarizeyourmainpointsinthesamewayasyounormallydointheCONCLUSIONofawrittenpaper.Remember,however,thatthereisadifferencebetweenspokenwordsappropriatefortheearandformallywrittenwordsintendedforreading.Terminateyourpresentationwithaninterestingremarkoranappropriatepunchline.Leaveyourlistenerswithapositiveimpressionandasenseofcompletion.Donotbelaboryourclosingremarks.Thankyouraudienceandsitdown.
Havethewrittenportionofyourassignmentorreportreadyforyourinstructorifrequired.
Thematerialofyourpresentationshouldbeconcise,tothepointandtellaninterestingstory.Inadditiontotheobviousthingslikecontentandvisualaids,thefollowingarejustasimportantastheaudiencewillbesubconsciouslytakingthemin:
∙Yourvoice-howyousayitisasimportantaswhatyousay
∙Bodylanguage-asubjectinitsownrightandsomethingaboutwhichmuchhasbeenwrittenandsaid.Inessence,yourbodymovementsexpresswhatyourattitudesandthoughtsreallyare.Youmightliketocheckoutthiswebpage
∙Appearance-firstimpressionsinfluencetheaudience'
sattitudestoyou.Dressappropriatelyfortheoccasion.
Aswithmostpersonalskillsoralcommunicationcannotbetaught.Instructorscanonlypointtheway.Soasalways,practiceisessential,bothtoimproveyourskillsgenerallyandalsotomakethebestofeachindividualpresentationyoumake.
Backtotop
Preparation
Preparethestructureofthetalkcarefullyandlogically,justasyouwouldforawrittenreport.Whatare:
∙theobjectivesofthetalk?
∙themainpointsyouwanttomake?
Makealistofthesetwothingsasyourstartingpoint
Writeoutthepresentationinrough,justlikeafirstdraftofawrittenreport.Reviewthedraft.Youwillfindthingsthatareirrelevantorsuperfluous-deletethem.Checkthestoryisconsistentandflowssmoothly.Iftherearethingsyoucannoteasilyexpress,possiblybecauseofdoubtaboutyourunderstanding,itisbettertoleavethemunsaid.
Neverreadfromascript.Itisalsounwisetohavethetalkwrittenoutindetailasapromptsheet-thechancesareyouwillnotlocatethethingyouwanttosayamongstalltheothertext.Youshouldknowmostofwhatyouwanttosay-ifyoudon'
tthenyoushouldnotbegivingthetalk!
Sopreparecuecardswhichhavekeywordsandphrases(andpossiblysketches)onthem.Postcardsareidealforthis.Don'
tforgettonumberthecardsincaseyoudropthem.
RemembertomarkonyourcardsthevisualaidsthatgowiththemsothattherightOHPorslideisshownattherighttime
Rehearseyourpresentation-toyourselfatfirstandtheninfrontofsomecolleagues.Theinitialrehearsalshouldconsiderhowthewordsandthesequenceofvisualaidsgotogether.Howwillyoumakeeffectiveuseofyourvisualaids?
Makingthepresentation
Greettheaudience(forexample,'
Goodmorning,ladiesandgentlemen'
),andtellthemwhoyouare.Goodpresentationsthenfollowthisformula:
∙telltheaudiencewhatyouaregoingtotellthem,
∙