外研社必修五课文reading原文之欧阳生创编文档格式.docx

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ChipsorFrenchfries?

Butotherwordsandexpressionsarenotsowellknown.Americansuseaflashlight,whilefortheBritish,it'

satorch.TheBritishqueueup;

Americansstandinline.Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning,whichcanbeconfusing.Chips,forexample,arepiecesofhotfriedpotatoinBritain;

intheStateschipsareverythinandaresoldinpackets.TheBritishcallthesecrisps.ThechipstheBritishknowandloveareFrenchfriesontheothersideoftheAtlantic.

Haveorhavegot?

Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar,too.TheBritishsayHaveyougot...?

whileAmericanspreferDoyouhave...?

AnAmericanmightsayMyfriendjustarrived,butaBritishpersonwouldsayMyfriendhasjustarrived.Prepositions,too,canbedifferent:

compareontheteam,ontheweekend（American）withintheteam,attheweekend（British）.TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomitthem（I'

llseeyouMonday;

Writemesoon!

）.

Colourorcolor?

Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.Americanspellingseemssimpler:

center,colorandprograminsteadofcentre,colourandprogramme.ManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciationsincethefirstsettlersarrivedfourhundredyearsago.Theaccent,whichismostsimilartoBritishEnglish,canbeheardontheEastCoastoftheUS.WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkthattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyacommonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.Butaretheyreallysoimportant?

Afterall,thereisprobablyasmuchvariationofpronunciationwithinthetwocountriesasbetweenthem.ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.

TurnontheTV

Someexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether.FormorethanacenturycommunicationsacrosstheAtlantichavedevelopedsteadily.Sincethe1980s,withsatelliteTVandtheInternet,ithasbeenpossibletolistentoBritishandAmericanEnglishattheflickofaswitch.Thisnon-stopcommunication,theexpertsthink,hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish,sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.

However,ifyouturnonCNN,theAmericanTVnetwork,youfindnewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakingwithdifferentaccents—American,British,Australian,andevenSpanish.Oneofthebest-knownfaces,MonitaRajpal,wasborninHongKong,China,andgrewupspeakingChineseandPunjabi,aswellasEnglish.

Thisinternationaldimensionsuggeststhatinthefuture,therearegoingtobemany"

Englishes"

notjusttwomainvarieties.Butthemessageis"

Don'

tworry."

UsersofEnglishwillallbeabletounderstandeachother—wherevertheyare.

Module2TheHumanTrafficSignal

Theroad

At3,500metres,LaPaz,inBolivia,isthehighestcapitalintheworld.Lifeishardathighaltitude,andthemountainsmakecommunicationsdifficult.Manyroadsareinbadconditionandaccidentsarefrequent.Oneroadinparticular,whichgoesnorthfromLaPaz,isconsideredthemostdangerousroadintheworld.Ononesidethemountainsrisesteeply;

ontheothersidethereisasheerdrop,whichinplacesishundredsofmetresdeep.Althoughthereisnotalotoftraffic,onaverage,onevehiclecomesofftheroadeverytwoweeks.Thedropissogreatthatanyoneinsidethevehicleisluckytosurvive.Intheory,theroadcanonlybeusedbytrafficgoinguphillfrom8inthemorning,andbytrafficcomingdownhillfrom3intheafternoon.Butinpractice,fewdriversrespecttherules.

Theman

Butthankstooneman,thedeathtollhasfallen.TimoteoApazaisagentle46-year-oldmanwholivesinavillagenearthemostdangerouspartoftheroad,knownlocallyaslacurvadeldiablo（theDevil'

sBend）.Timoteohasanunusualjob—heisahumantrafficsignal.Everymorningheclimbsuptothebendwithalargecircularboardinhishand.Theboardisredononesideandgreenontheother.Timoteostandsonthebendanddirectsthetraffic.Whentwovehiclesapproachfromoppositedirectionstheycan'

tseeeachother,buttheycanseeTimoteo.Timoteoisavolunteer.Nooneaskedhimtodothejob,andnoonepayshimforit.Sometimesdriversgivehimatip,sothathehasjustenoughmoneytoliveon.Butoftentheyjustpassby,takingthehumantrafficsignalforgranted.

Thereasonwhyhedoesit

Sowhydoeshedoit?

Beforehevolunteeredtodirectthetraffic,Timoteohadhadlotsofjobs.Hehadbeenaminerandasoldier.Thenonedaywhilehewasworkingasalorrydriverhehadacloseencounterwithdeath.Hewasdrivingalorryloadofbananaswhenhecameofftheroadatabendandfellthreehundredmetresdownthemountain.Somehowhesurvived.Hewasinhospitalformonths.Then,afewyearslater,hewascalledoutinthenighttohelppullpeopleoutofabuswhichhadcrashedatlacurvadeldiablo.ThislastexperiencehadaprofoundeffectonTimoteo.Herealisedthathewasluckytobealivehimself,andfeltthatitwashismissioninlifetohelpothers.Andsoeverymorning,weekin,weekout,fromdawntodusk,Timoteotakesuphisplaceonthebendanddirectsthetraffic.

Module3TheSteamboat

Therewasabigstormaftermidnightandtherainpoureddown.Westayedinsidetheshelterwehadbuiltandlettheraftsaildowntheriver.Suddenly,bythelightofthelightning,wesawsomethinginthemiddleoftheriver.Itlookedlikeahouseatfirst,butthenwerealizeditwasasteamboat.Ithadhitarockandwashalfinandhalfoutofthewater.Weweresailingstraighttowardsit.

"

Itlooksasifit'

llgoundersoon,"

Jimsaid,afteracoupleofminutes.

Let'

sgoandtakealook,"

Isaid.

Idon'

twanttoboardasinkingship,"

saidJim,butwhenIsuggestedthatwemightfindsomethingusefulontheboat,heagreedtogo.Sowepaddledoverandclimbedontothesteamboat,keepingasquietasmice.Toourastonishment,therewasalightinoneofthecabins.Thenweheardsomeoneshout,"

Ohpleaseboys,don'

tkillme!

Iwon'

ttellanybody!

Aman'

sangryvoiceanswered,"

You'

relying.Yousaidthatlasttime.We'

regoingtokillyou."

Whenheheardthesewords,Jimpanickedandrantotheraft.ButalthoughIwasfrightened,Ialsofeltverycurious,soIputmyheadroundthedoor.Itwasquitedark,butIcouldseeamanlyingonthefloor,tiedupwithrope.Thereweretwomenstandingoverhim.Onewasshort,withabeard.Theotherwastallandhadsomethinginhishandthatlookedlikeagun.

I'

vehadenoughofyou.I'

mgoingtoshootyounow,"

thismansaid.Hewasobviouslytheonewhohadthreatenedthemanonthefloor.Anditwasagunhehadinhishand.

No,don'

tdothat,"

saidtheshortman."

sleavehimhere.Thesteamboatwillsinkinacoupleofhoursandhe'

llgodownwithit."

Whenheheardthat,thefrightenedmanonthefloorstartedcrying."

Hesoundsasifhe'

sgoingtodieoffright!

Ithought."

Ihavetofindawaytosavehim!

Icrawledalongthedeck,foundJim,andtoldhimwhatIhadheard."

Wemustfindtheirboatandtakeitaway,thenthey'

llhavetostayhere,"

Jimlookedterrified."

mnotstayinghere,"

hesaid.ButIpersuadedhimtohelpme,andwefoundthemen'

sboattiedtotheothersideofthesteamboat.Weclimbedquietlyinandaswepaddledawayweheardthetwomenshouting.Bythenwewereasafedistanceaway.ButnowIbegantofeelbadaboutwhatwehaddone.Ididn'

twantallthreementodie.

Module4TheMagicoftheMask

Thinkofcarnival,andyouthinkofcrowds,costumes,andconfusion.Thesoundsandsightschangefromonecountrytoanotherbuttheexcitementisthesameeverywhere.

Carnival"

comesfromtwoLatinwords,meaning"

nomoremeat"

.InEurope,whereitbegan,carnivalwasfollowedbyfortydayswithoutmeat,aspeoplepreparedfortheChristianfestivalofEaster.PeoplesawCarnivalasalastchancetohavefunattheendofthewinterseason.Havingfunmeanteating,drinking,anddressingup.

ThemostfamouscarnivalinEuropewasinVenice.Atthebeginning,itlastedforjustoneday.Peopleate,drank,andworemasks.Astimepassed,however,thecarnivalperiodwasextended,sothatitbeganjustafterChristmas.Forweeksonendpeoplewalkedroundthestreetswearingmasks,doingwhattheywantedwithoutbeingrecognised.Ordinarypeoplecouldpretendtoberichandimportant,whilefamouspeoplecouldhaveromanticadventuresinsecret.Manycrimeswentunpunished.

Thegovernmentrealisedthatwearingmaskshadbecomeaproblem.Theirusewaslimitedbylaws,thefirstofwhichdatesbacktothefourteenthcentury.Menwerenotallowedtowearmasksatnight;

andtheywerenotallowedtodressupaswomen.Inlatertimesmorelawswerepassed.Peoplewhoworemaskscouldnotcarryfirearms;

andnoonecouldenterachurchwearingamask.Iftheybrokethelaws,theywereput