英美文学简明教程.docx

英美文学简明教程.docx

《英美文学简明教程.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英美文学简明教程.docx（24页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英美文学简明教程

中世纪英语时期文学）

OldandMedievalEnglishLiterature

IUnderstandingandapplication:

（理解应用）

1.England'sinhabitantsareCelts.AnditisconqueredbyRomans（罗马）,AngioSaxons（盎格鲁撒克逊人）andNormans（日耳曼）.TheAnglo-SaxonsbroughttheGermaniclanguageandculturetoEngland,whileNormansbroughttheMediterranean

civilization（地中海文明）,includingGreekculture（古希腊文化）,Romelaw（罗

马法律）andtheChristianreligion（基督教）.ItistheculturalinfluenceofthesetwoconqueststhatprovidedthesourcefortheriseandgrowthofEnglishliterature.

2.TheoldEnglishliterature（古英语文学）extendsfromabout450to1066,theyearoftheNormanconquestofEngland.

3.TheoldEnglishpoetry（古英语诗）thathassurvivedcanbedividedintotwogroups:

Thereligiousgroupandthesecularone（宗教类和世俗类）

4.Beowulf（贝尔武夫）：

atypicalexampleofOldEnglishpoetryisregardedasthenationalepic（民族史诗）oftheAnglo-Saxons.Itisanexampleof

theminglingofnaturemythsandheroiclegends.

一、GeofferyChaucer杰弗里？

乔叟1343~1400（首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

约翰•德莱顿（JohnDryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”<代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。

）ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.Writingstyle：

wisdom,humor,humanity.

作品：

1坎特伯雷故事集：

firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet'（双韵

体）bymiddleEnglish

2特罗勒斯与克丽西德

3声誉之堂

4公爵夫人之书

5百鸟议会

1.Heroiccouplet（英雄双韵体）：

Heroiccoupletisarhymedcoupletofiambicpentameter.itisthemostcommonEnglishmeter,inwhicheachfootcontainsanunaccentedsyllableandanaccentedsyllablecanunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedone.

2.“TheFatherofEnglishpoetry”：

（乔叟的贡献）①Chaucerintroducedfrom

FrancetherhymedstanzasofvarioustypestoEnglishpoetrytoreplaceit.②

InTheRomauntoftheRose（玫瑰传奇）,hefirstintroducedtotheEnglishthe

octosyllabiccouplet（八音节对偶句）.③InTheLegendofGoodWomen,heusedforthefirsttimeinEnglishheroiccouplet.④Andinhismasterpiece,TheCanterburyTales,heemployedheroiccoupletwithtrueeaseandcharmforthefirsttimeinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.⑤Hisartmadehimoneofthe

greatestpoetsinEnglish;JohnDrydencalledhim“thefatherofEnglishpoetry”.

Chapter1:

TheRenaissancePeriod文艺复兴

TheRenaissance:

TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14th&17thcenturies.ItfirststartedinItaly,withthefloweringofpainting,sculpture&literature.FromItalythemovementwenttoembracetherestofEurope.TheRenaissance,whichmeans"rebirth"or"revival,"isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchas:

1There-discoveryofancientRoman&Greekculture古罗马和古希腊文化的发掘

2Thenewdiscoveriesingeography&astrology地理天文大发现,thereligious

reformation&theeconomicexpansion席卷欧洲的宗教改革.

3TheRenaissanee,therefore,inesseneeisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkers&scholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideas

inmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,&torecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.

2.Humanism:

（人文主义）HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.Renaissancehumanistsfoundintheclassicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfections,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion,explore,andenjoy.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.ThomasMore,ChristopherMarloweandWilliamShakespearearethebestrepresentativesoftheEnglishhumanists.

1.EdmundSpencer（斯宾塞）:

Thepoets'poet.（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。

）ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet'scornerofWesterminsterAbbey

1Spenser'smostimportantwork&masterpieceis仙后（forQueen

Elizabeth）,hisgreatallegoryThethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomething

moreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.

Artisticfeatures:

1.UsingSpenserianStanza

SpenserianStanza斯宾塞诗节:

astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.

2牧人日历

ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.

3爱情小唱

3.领会HisInflueneeMainqualitiesofSpenser'spoetry

1aperfectmelody

2araresenseofbeauty

3asplendidimagination

4aloftymoralpurity&seriousness

5adedicatedidealism

ChristopherMarlowe（克里斯托弗•马洛）,heisthemostoutstanding

dramatistamongthegroupUniversityWits"大学才子