大学英语考试复习资料大学六级模拟1351文档格式.docx

大学英语考试复习资料大学六级模拟1351文档格式.docx

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AbilityandGoodLooks.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

问题:

1.假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。

见证书须包括以下几点：

1.车祸发生的时间及地点

2.你所见到的车祸情况

3.你对车祸原因的分析

答案:

AnEye-witnessAccountofaTrafficAccident

Yesterdayafternoon,Ihappenedtowitnessaterribletrafficaccidentonmywayhomefromschool.Itwas5:

30p.m.,IwasridingmyfavoriteGiantbackhome.WhenIgottothelastcrossingontheGoldenLionStreet,theredlightwason.SoIappliedthebrakes,alongwithalongqueueofvehicleswaitingtopass.

Justatthatmoment,aheavy-loadtruckwithearthroaredforwardatmysideandbumpedagainstaprivateAccordofHondatravelingeastbound.Asaresult,thewindshieldofthelorrywasbrokenintopiecesanditsdrivergotfatallywoundedontheheadonthesteeringwheel.ThedriveroftheAccordandhisgirlfriend,theonlypassengerinthecar,onlygotminorinjuries,buthiscarlostitsrearaxelandtwowheels.

Asforthecauseoftheaccident,Ithinkthedriverofthelorryshouldberesponsible:

thelightwasredthen;

heshouldhavestoppedandwaited.Itwashewhohadbrokenthetrafficregulations.Inaddition,thebadweatherwaspartofthecause.Itwasdrizzlingthen,andtheroadwasquiteslippery.Finally,drunkdrivingwasprobablyanimportantfactor.Asthepolicediscoveredonthespot,therewasaheavyalcoholicsmellonthedeadbodyofthelorrydriver.

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-4,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheNextSociety

Theneweconomymayormaynotmaterialize,butthereisnodoubtthatthenextsocietywillbewithusshortly.Inthedevelopedworld,andprobablyintheemergingcountriesaswell,thisnewsocietywillbeagooddealmoreimportantthantheneweconomy（ifany）.Itwillbequitedifferentfromthesocietyofthelate20thcentury,andalsodifferentfromwhatmostpeopleexpect.Muchofitwillbeunprecedented.Andmostofitisalreadyhere,orisrapidlyemerging.

Inthedevelopedcountries,thedominantfactorinthenextsocietywillbesomethingtowhichmostpeopleareonlyjustbeginningtopayattention:

therapidgrowthintheolderpopulationandtherapidshrinkingoftheyoungergeneration.Politicianseverywherestillpromisetosavetheexistingpensionsystem,butthey--andtheirconstituents--knowperfectlywellthatinanother25yearspeoplewillhavetokeepworkinguntiltheirmid-70s,healthpermitting.

Whathasnotyetsunkinisthatagrowingnumberofolderpeople--saythoseover50--willnotkeeponworkingastraditionalfulltimenine-to-fiveemployees,butwillparticipateinthelaborforceinmanynewanddifferentways:

astemporaries,aspart-timers,asconsultantsonspecialassignments,andsoon.Whatusedtobepersonnelandarenowknownashumanresourcesdepartmentsstillassumethatthosewhoworkforanorganizationarefull-timeemployees.Employmentlawsandregulationsarebasedonthesameassumption.Within20or25years,however,perhapsasmanyashalfthepeoplewhoworkforanorganizationwillnotbeemployedbyit,certainlynotonafull-timebasis.Thiswillbeespeciallytrueforolderpeople.Newwaysofworkingwithpeopleatarm'

slengthwillincreasinglybecomethecentralmanagerialissueofemployingorganizations,andnotjustofbusinesses.

Theshrinkingoftheyoungerpopulationwillcauseanevengreaterupheaval,ifonlybecausenothinglikethishashappenedsincethedyingcenturiesoftheRomanEmpire.Ineverysingledevelopedcountry,butalsoinChinaandBrazil,thebirthrateisnowwellbelowthereplacementrateof2.2livebirthsperwomanofreproductiveage.Politically,thismeansthatimmigrationwillbecomeanimportantandhighlydivisiveissueinallrichcountries.Itwillcutacrossalltraditionalpoliticalalignments.Economically,thedeclineintheyoungpopulationwillchangemarketsinfundamentalways.Growthinfamilyformationhasbeenthedrivingforceofalldomesticmarketsinthedevelopedworld,buttherateoffamilyformationiscertaintofallsteadilyunlessbolsteredbylarge-scaleimmigrationofyoungerpeople.ThehomogeneousmassmarketthatemergedinallrichcountriesaftertheSecondWorldWarhasbeenyouth-determinedfromthestart.Itwillnowbecomemiddle-age-determined,orperhapsmorelikelyitwillsplitintotwo:

amiddle-age-determinedmassmarketandamuchsmalleryouth-determinedone.Andbecausethesupplyofyoungpeoplewillshrink,creatingnewemploymentpatternstoattractandholdthegrowingnumberofolderpeople（especiallyoldereducatedpeople）willbecomeincreasinglyimportant.

Knowledgeisall

Thenextsocietywillbeaknowledgesociety.Knowledgewillbeitskeyresource,andknowledgeworkerswillbethedominantgroupinitsworkforce.Itsthreemaincharacteristicswillbe:

·

Borderlessness,becauseknowledgetravelsevenmoreeffortlesslythanmoney.

Upwardmobility,availabletoeveryonethrougheasilyacquiredformaleducation.

Thepotentialforfailureaswellassuccess.Anyonecanacquirethe"

meansofproduction"

i.e,theknowledgerequiredforthejob,butnoteveryonecanwin.

Together,thosethreecharacteristicswillmaketheknowledgesocietyahighlycompetitiveone,fororganizationsandindividualsalike.Informationtechnology,althoughonlyoneofmanynewfeaturesofthenextsociety,isalreadyhavingonehugelyimportanteffect:

itisallowingknowledgetospreadnear-instantly,andmakingitaccessibletoeveryone.Giventheeaseandspeedatwhichinformationtravels,everyinstitutionintheknowledgesociety--notonlybusinesses,butalsoschools,universities,hospitalsandincreasinglygovernmentagenciestoo--hastobegloballycompetitive,eventhoughmostorganizationswillcontinuetobelocalintheiractivitiesandintheirmarkets.ThisisbecausetheInternetwillkeepcustomerseverywhereinformedonwhatisavailableanywhereintheworld,andatwhatprice.

Thisnewknowledgeeconomywillrelyheavilyonknowledgeworkers.Atpresent,thistermiswidelyusedtodescribepeoplewithconsiderabletheoreticalknowledgeandlearning:

doctors,lawyers,teachers,accountants,chemicalengineers.Butthemoststrikinggrowthwillbein"

knowledgetechnologists"

~computertechnicians,softwaredesigners,analystsinclinicallabs,manufacturingtechnologists,paralegals.Thesepeopleareasmuchmanualworkersastheyareknowledgeworkers;

infact,theyusuallyspendfarmoretimeworkingwiththeirhandsthanwiththeirbrains.Buttheirmanualworkisbasedonasubstantialamountoftheoreticalknowledgewhichcanbeacquiredonlythroughformaleducation,notthroughanapprenticeship.Theyarenot,asarule,muchbetterpaidthantraditionalskilledworkers,buttheyseethemselvesas"

professionals"

.Justasunskilledmanualworkersinmanufacturingwerethedominantsocialandpoliticalforceinthe20thcentury,knowledgetechnologistsarelikelytobecomethedominantsocial--andperhapsalsopolitical--forceoverthenextdecades.

Thenewprotectionism

Structurally,too,thenextsocietyisalreadydivergingfromthesocietyalmostallofusstilllivein.The20thcenturysawtherapiddecline'

ofthesectorthathaddominatedsocietyfor10,000years:

agriculture.Involumeterms,farmproductionnowisatleastfourorfivetimeswhatitwasbeforetheFirstWorldWar.Butin1913farmproductsaccountedfor70%ofworldtrade,whereasnowtheirshareisatmost17%.Intheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury,agricultureinmostdevelopedcountrieswasthelargestsinglecontributortoGDP;

nowinrichcountriesitscontributionhasdwindledtothepointofbecomingmarginal.Andthefarmpopulationisdowntoatinyproportionofthetotal.

Manufacturinghastraveledalongwaydownthesameroad.SincetheSecondWorldWar,manufacturingoutputinthedevelopedworldhasprobablytripledinvolume,butinflationadjustedmanufacturingpriceshavefallensteadily,whereasthecostofprimeknowledgeproducts-healthcareandeducation-hastripled,againadjustedforinflation.Therelativepurchasingpowerofmanufacturedgoodsagainstknowledgeproductsisnowonlyone-fifthorone-sixthofwhatitwas50yearsago.ManufacturingemploymentinAmericahasfallenfrom35%oftheworkforceinthe1950stolessthanhalfthatnow,withoutcausingmuchsocialdisruption.ButitmaybetoomuchtohopeforanequallyeasytransitionincountriessuchasJapanorGermany,whereblue-collarmanufacturingworkersstillmakeup25--30%ofthelaborforce.

ThedeclineoffarmingasaproducerofwealthandoflivelihoodshasallowedfarmprotectionismtospreadtoadegreethatwouldhavebeenunthinkablebeforetheSecondWorldWar.Inthesameway,thedeclineofmanufacturingwilltriggeranexplosionofmanufacturingprotectionism-evenaslipservicecontinuestobepaidtofreetrade.Thisprotectionismmaynotnecessarilytaketheformoftraditionaltariffs,butofsubsidies,quotasandregulationsofallkinds.Evenmorelikely,regionalblockswillemergethattradefreelyinternallybutarehig