四级阅读及全解Word文档格式.docx

四级阅读及全解Word文档格式.docx

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Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers.Californiaisthestrictest,withanovice（新手）driverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20（withoutthepresenceofanadultover25）forthefirstsixmonths.

21.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?

A.Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.

B.Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.

C.Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.

D.Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.

22.AccordingtoRobertFoss,thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto_____.

A.theirfrequentdrivingatnight.

B.theirimproperwayofdriving.

C.theirlackofdrivingexperience.

D.theirdrivingwithpassengers.

23.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.

B.Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.

C.Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.

D.Thelicensingarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers’drivingaccidents.

24.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers’drivingaccidentsisthat_____.

A.drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearule.

B.theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengers.

C.theyshouldnotbeenallowedtodriveafter10p.m.

D.thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved.

25.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem_____.

A.isunderdiscussion

B.isabouttobesetup

C.hasbeenputintoeffect

D.hasbeenperfected

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ifyouknowexactlywhatyouwant,thebestroutetoajobistogetspecializedtraining.Arecentsurveyshowsthatcompanieslikegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessandhealthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.

That’sespeciallytrueofboomingfieldsthatarechallengingforworkers.AtCornell’sSchoolofHotelAdministration,forexample,bachelor’sdegreegraduatesgetanaverageoffourorfivejobofferswithsalariesrangingfromthehighteenstothelow20sandplentyofchancesforrapidadvancement.Largecompanies,especially,likeabackgroundofformaleducationcoupledwithworkexperience.

Butinthelongrun,toomuchspecializationdoesn’tpayoff.Business,whichhasbeenfloodedwithMBAs,nolongerconsidersthedegreeanautomaticstampofapproval.TheMBAmayopendoorsandcommandahighersalaryinitially,buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears.

Asfurtherevidenceoftheerosion（消弱）ofcorporate（公司）faithinspecializeddegrees,MichiganStateScheetzcitesapatternincorporatehiringpractices.Althoughcompaniestendtotakeonspecialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddle-and-upper-levelmanagement.“Theywantsomeonewhoisn’tconstrained（限制）bynutsandboltstolookatthebigpicture,”saysScheetz.

Thissoundssuspiciouslylikeaformalstatementthatyouapproveoftheliberal-artsgraduate.Timeandagainlabormarketanalystsmentionaneedfortalentsthatliberal-artsmajorsareassumedtohave:

writingandcommunicationskills,organizationalskill,open-mindednessandadaptability,andtheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.DavidBirchclaimshedoesnothireanybodywithanMBAoranengineeringdegree.“Ihireonlyliberal-artspeoplebecausetheyhavealess-than-cannedwayofdoingthings,”saysBirch.Liberal-artsmeansanacademicallythoroughandstrictprogramthatincludesliterature,history,mathematics,economics,science,humanbehavior—plusacomputercourseortwo.Withthatunderyourbelt,yourcanfeelfreetospecialize.“Aliberal-artscoupledwithanMBAorsomeothertechnicaltrainingisaverygoodcombinationinthemarketplace,”saysScheetz.

26.Whatkindsofpeopleareinhighdemandonthejobmarket?

A.Studentswithabachelor’sdegreeinhumanities.

B.PeoplewithanMBAdegreefromtopuniversities.

C.Peoplewithformalschoolingplusworkexperience.

D.Peoplewithspecialtraininginengineering.

27.Bysaying“…buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears”（Line3,Para.3）,theauthormeans_____.

A.mostMBAprogramsfailprovidestudentswithasolidfoundation.

B.anMBAdegreedoesnothelppromotiontomanagerialpositions.

C.MBAprogramswillnotbeaspopularinfiveyear’stimeastheyarenow.

D.infiveyearspeoplewillforgetaboutthedegreetheMBAgraduateshavegot.

28.AccordingtoScheetz’sstatement（Lines3-4,Para.4）,companiesprefer______.

A.peoplewhohaveastrategicmind

B.peoplewhoaretalentedinfinearts

C.peoplewhoareambitiousandaggressive

D.peoplewhohavereceivedtraininginmechanics

29.DavidBirchclaimsthatheonlyhiresliberal-artspeoplebecause_____.

A.theyaremorecapableofhandlingchangingsituations

B.theycansticktoestablishedwaysofsolvingproblems

C.theyarethoroughlytrainedinavarietyofspecializedfields

D.theyhaveattendedspecialprogramsinmanagement

30.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

A.Specialistsaremoreexpensivetohirethangeneralists.

B.Formalschoolingislessimportantthanjobtraining.

C.On-the-jobtrainingis,inthelongrun,lesscostly.

D.Generalistswilloutdospecialistsinmanagement.

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AboutsixyearsagoIwaseatinglunchinarestaurantinNewYorkCitywhenawomanandayoungboysatdownatthenexttable.Icouldn’thelpoverhearingpartsoftheirconversation.Atonepointthewomanasked:

“So,howhaveyoubeen?

”andtheboy—whocouldnothavebeenmorethansevenoreightyearsold—replied,“Frankly,I’vebeenfeelingalittledepressedlately.”

Thisincidentstuckinmymindbecauseitconfirmedmygrowingbeliefthatchildrenarechanging.AsfarasIcanremember,myfriendsandIdidn’tfindoutwewere“depressed”untilwewereinhighschool.

Theevidenceofachangeinchildrenhasincreasedsteadilyinrecentyears.Childrendon’tseemchildlikeanymore.Childrenspeakmorelikeadults,dressmorelikeadultsandbehavemorelikeadultsthantheyusedto.

Whetherthisisgoodorbadisdifficulttosay,butitcertainlyisdifferent.Childhoodasitoncewasnolongerexists.Why?

Humandevelopmentisbasednotonlyoninnate（天生的）biologicalstates,butalsoonpatternsofaccesstosocialknowledge.Movementfromonesocialroletoanotherusuallyinvolveslearningthesecretsofthenewstatus.Childrenhavealwaysbeentaughtadultsecrets,butslowlyandinstages:

traditionally,wetellsixthgradersthingswekeephiddenfromfifthgraders.

Inthelast30years,however,asecret-revelation（揭示）machinehasbeeninstalledin98percentofAmericanhomes.Itiscalledtelevision.Televisionpassesinformation,andindiscriminately（不加区分地）,toallviewersalike,betheychildrenoradults.Unabletoresistthetemptation,manychildrenturntheirattentionfromprintedtextstothelesschallenging,morevividmovingpictures.

Communicationthroughprint,asamatteroffact,allowsforagreatdealofcontroloverthesocialinformationtowhichchildrenhaveaccess.Readingandwritinginvolveacomplexcodeofsymbolsthatmustbememorizedandpracticed.Childrenmustreadsimplebooksbeforetheycanreadcomplexmaterials.

31.Accordingtoauthor,feelingdepressedis_____.

A.asuresignofapsychologicalprobleminachild.

B.somethinghardlytobeexpectedinayoungchild.

C.aninevitablephaseofchildren’smentaldevelopment.

D.amentalstatepresentinallhumans,includingchildren.

32.Traditionally,achildissupposedtolearnabouttheadultworld_____.

A.throughcontactwithsociety.

B.graduallyandunderguidance.

C.naturallyandbybiologicalinstinct.

D.throughexposuretosocia