英语四级真题及答案汇总Word格式文档下载.docx

英语四级真题及答案汇总Word格式文档下载.docx

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　　Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

　　Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　TheU.S.DepartmentofEducationismakingeffortstoensurethatallstudentshaveequalaccesstoaqualityeducation.Todayitis（36）thelaunchoftheExcellentEducatorsforAllInitiative.Theinitiativewillhelpstatesandschooldistrictssupportgreateducatorsforthestudentswhoneedthemmost.

　　"

Allchildrenare（37）toahigh-qualityeducationregardlessoftheirrace,zipcodeorfamilyincome.Itis（38）importantthatweprovideteachersandprincipalsthesupporttheyneedtohelpstudentsreachtheirfull（39）,"

U.S.SecretaryofEducationArneDuncansaid."

Despitetheexcellentworkanddeep（40）ofournation'

steachersandprincipals,studentsinhigh-poverty,high-minorityschoolsareunfairlytreatedacrossourcountry.Wehavetodobetter.Localleadersandeducatorswill（41）theirowncreativesolutions,butwemustworktogetherto（42）ourfocusonhowtobetterrecruit,supportand（43）effectiveteachersandprincipalsforallstudents,especiallythekidswhoneedthemmost."

　　Today'

sannouncementisanotherimportantstepforwardinimprovingaccesstoaqualityeducation,a（44）ofPresidentObama'

syearofaction.Latertoday,SecretaryDuncanwillleadaroundtablediscussionwithprincipalsandschoolteachersfromacrossthecountryaboutthe（45）ofworkinginhigh-needschoolsandhowtoadoptpromisingpracticesforsupportinggreateducatorsintheseschools.

A.AnnouncingB.beneficialC.challenges

D.commitmentE.componentF.contests

G.criticallyH.developI.distributing

J.enhanceK.entitledL.potential

M.properlyN.qualifiedO.retain

　SectionB

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

TheChangesFacingFastFood

　　A）Fast-foodfirmshavetobeathick-skinnedbunch.Healthexpertsregularlycriticizethemseverelyforsellingfoodthatmakespeoplefat.CriticsevencomplainthatMcDonald'

s,whoselogosymbolizescalorieexcess,shouldnothavebeenallowedtosponsortheWorldCup.Thesearethingsfast-foodfirmshavelearnttocopewith.Butnotperhapsformuchlonger.Theburgerbusinessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsatatimewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesinresponsetoshiftsintheglobaleconomy.

　　B）Fastfoodwasoncethoughttoberecession-proof.Whenconsumersneedtocutspending,thelogicgoes,cheapmealslikeBigMacsandWhoppersbecomeevenmoreattractive.Such"

tradingdown"

provedtrueformuchofthelatestrecession,whenfast-foodcompaniespickedupcustomerswhocouldnolongeraffordtoeatatcasualrestaurants.TrafficwasboostedinAmerica,thehomeoffastfood,withdiscountsandpromotions,suchas$1menusandcheapcombinationmeals.

　　C）Asaresult,fast-foodchainshaveweatheredtherecessionbetterthantheirmoreexpensivecompetitors.In2009salesatfull-servicerestaurantsinAmericafellbymorethan6%,buttotalsalesremainedaboutthesameatfast-foodchains.Insomemarkets,suchasJapan,FranceandBritain,totalspendingonfastfoodincreased.Same-storesalesinAmericaatMcDonald'

s,theworld'

slargestfast-foodcompany,didnotdeclinethroughoutthedownturn.PaneraBread,anAmericanfast-foodchainknownforitsfreshingredients,performedwell,too,becauseitoffershigher-qualityfoodatlowerpricesthanrestaurants.

　　D）Butnotallfast-foodcompanieshavebeenasfortunate.Many,suchasBurgerKing,haveseensalesfall.Inasevererecession,whilesomepeopletradedowntofastfood,manyotherseatathomemorefrequentlytosavemoney.DavidPalmer,ananalystatUBS,abank,sayssmallerfast-foodchainsinAmerica,suchasJackintheBoxandCarl'

sJr.,havebeenhitparticularlyhardinthisdownturnbecausetheyarecompetingwiththeglobalgiantMcDonald'

s,whichincreasedspendingonadvertisingbymorethan7%lastyearasotherscutback.

　　E）Somefast-foodcompaniesalsosacrificedtheirownprofitsbytryingtogivecustomersbettervalue.Duringtherecessioncompaniessetpriceslow,hopingthatoncetheyhadtemptedcustomersthroughthedoortheywouldbepersuadedtoordermoreexpensiveitems.Butinmanycasesthatstrategydidnotwork.LastyearBurgerKingfranchisees（特许经营人）sued（起诉）thecompanyoveritsdouble-cheeseburgerpromotion,claimingitwasunfairforthemtoberepuiredtosellthesefor$1whentheycost$1.10tomake.InMayajudgeruledinfavourofBurgerKing.Nevertheless,thecompanymaystillbecursingitsdecisiontopromotecheapchoicesovermoreexpensiveonesbecauseitemsonits"

valuemenu"

nowaccountforaround20%ofallsales,upfrom12%lastOctober.

　　F）Analystsexpectthefast-foodindustrytogrowmodestlythisyear.Butthedownturnismakingcompaniesrethinktheirstrategies.Manyarenowintroducinghigher-priceditemstoentice（引诱）consumersawayfrom$1specials.KFC,adivisionofYum!

Brands,whichalsoownsTacoBellandPizzaHut,haslaunchedachickensandwichthatcostsaround$5.AndinMayBurgerKingintroducedbarbecue（烧烤）porkribsat$7foreight.

　　G）Companiesarealsotryingtogetcustomerstobuynewandmoreitems,includingdrinks.McDonald'

sstartedsellingbettercoffeeasachallengetoStarbucks.Its"

McCafe"

linenowaccountsforanestimated6%ofsalesinAmerica.StarbuckshassoldrightstoitsSeattle'

sBestcoffeebrandtoBurgerKing,whichwillstartsellingitlaterthisyear.

　　H）Asfast-foodcompaniesshiftfrom"

supersize"

to"

morebuys"

theyneedtokeepcustomertraffichighthroughouttheday.Manyseebreakfastasabigopportunity,andnotjustforfattyfood.McDonald'

swillstartsellingporridge（粥）inAmericanextyear.Breakfasthasthepotentialtobeveryprofitable,saysSaraSenatoreofBernstein,aresearchfirm,becausethemarginscanbehigh.Fast-foodcompaniesarealsoaddingmiddayandlate-nightsnacks,suchasblendeddrinksandwraps.Theideaisthatbyhavingagreaterrangeofthingsonthemenu,"

wecanselltoconsumersproductstheywantallday,"

saysRickCarucci.,the.chieffinancialofficerofYum!

Brands.

　　I）Butwhataboutthosegrowingwaistlines?

Sofar,fast-foodfirmshavecleverlyavoidedgovernmentregulation.Byprovidinghealthyoptions,likesaladsandlow-caloriesandwiches,theyhaveatleastgiventheimpressionofdoingsomethingabouthelpingtofightobesity（肥胖症）.Theseofferingsarenotnecessarilyloss-leaders,astheybroadentheappealofoutletstogroupsofdinersthatincludesomepeoplewhodon'

twanttoeataburger.Butcustomerscannotbeforcedtoordersaladsinsteadoffries.

　　J）Inthefuture,simplyofferingahealthyoptionmaynotbegoodenough."

Everypackaged-foodandrestaurantcompanyIknowisconcernedaboutregulationrightnow,"

saysMr.PalmerofUBS.America'

shealth-reformbill,whichCongresspassedthisyear,requiresrestaurantchainswith20ormoreoutletstoputthecalorie-contentofitemstheyserveonthemenu.AstudybytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch,whichtrackedtheeffectsonStarbucksofasimilarcalorie-postinglawinNewYorkCityin2007,foundthattheaveragecalorie-countpertransactionfell6%andrevenueincreased3%atStarbucksstoreswhereaDunldnDonutsoutletwasnearby--asign,itissaid,thatmenu-labellingcouldfavourchainsthathavemorehealthyofferings.

　　K）InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelsewhere,fast-foodcompanieswillhavetocontinueinnovating（创新）.WaltRikerofMcDonald'

sclaimsthechangeithasmadeinitsmenumeansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago."

Weprobablysellmorevegetables,moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,"

hesays.ButtherecentproposalbyacountyinCaliforniatobanMcDonald'

sfromincludingtoysinitshigh-calorie"

HappyMeals"

becauselegislatorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo.

46.SomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonald'

sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecialsforchildren.

47.Fast-foodfinnsmaynotbeabletocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulationinthenearfuture.

48.BurgerKingwillstarttosellSeattle'

sBestcoffeetoincreasesales.

49.Somefast-foodfirmsprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheimpressiontheyarehelpingtotackletheobesityproblem.

50.Duringtherecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfoodtosavemoney.

51.Manypeopleeatoutlessoftentosavemoneyintimesofrecession.

52.Duringtherecession,BurgerKing'

spromotionalstrategyofofferinglow-priceditemsoftenproved