考点03阅读理解说明文解析版Word文档下载推荐.docx

考点03阅读理解说明文解析版Word文档下载推荐.docx

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tbeeasy.Suchmissionswillpresentbothphysicalandmentalchallengesasastronautsworktonotonlysurvive,butperformimportantscientificresearchinuniquelydifficultenvironments.

IntheupcomingNASA-Russiaexperiment,agroupofpeoplewillliveinaclosedfacilityatRussia'

sInstituteforBiomedicalProblems,whichisinMoscow.Thishabitatfacilitywasusedin2011fornotableseriesofRussianmock（模拟的）MarsmissionsknownasMars500.Duringthesemissions,groupsofpeoplespent520and105daysontwoseparatemissionsinthefacility.

Thefacility,accordingtothestatement,willhave"

environmentalfactorssimilartothoseastronautsareexpectedtoexperienceonfuturemissionstoMars"

.Thegroupofpeoplewillspend8monthslivingtogetherinisolationandworkingonscientificresearch.

BylivingandworkinginthisMars-likeenvironment,participantsinthisstudywillhelpNASAresearchersbetterunderstandthepsychologicalandphysiological（心理和生理的）effectsofisolation.Thesemissionshelpresearchersnotonlyperformrelevantscienceexperimentsbutalsoseehowpeoplemightgetonunderstrangeconditionsforlongperiodsoftime.

So,ifyou'

refindingthatlivinginsocialisolationworksforyou,youmightbeparticularlywell-suitedforlivinginaMars-likeenvironmentandthiscouldbeforyou.Butfirst,youhavetoqualify.NASAislookingfor"

highlymotivated"

Americansbetweentheagesof30-55,whomustspeakbothRussianandEnglishfluentlyandhaveaMasterofScience,DoctorofPhilosophy,DoctorofMedicine,ormilitaryofficertraining.Applicantswithotherrelatedexperiencemayalsobeconsidered.Thosewhoarechosentobeapartofthisgroupwillbepaidfortheirwork.

1．Whatdoweknowaboutthenewexperiment?

A．ItwillfindthebestwayforhumanstoliveonMars.

B．Itisthefirstofitskindtobecarriedoutsince1972.

C．ItispreparedforNASA'

shumanspaceflightprogram.

D．ItwilldecidethepeopletobesenttothemoonbyNASA．

2．Whydoestheauthormention"

Mars500"

inthetext?

A．Toexplainwhythefacilityhasbeenchosen.

B．Tocomparethesimilaritiesamongrelatedmissions.

C．ToshowRussia'

sachievementinspaceexploration.

D．Toindicatethenewexperimentwillhavegreatsuccess.

3．WhatisParagraph6mainlyabout?

A．Theprocessoftheexperiment.B．Thepurposesoftheexperiment.

C．Thepopularityoftheexperiment.D．Thepreparationsfortheexperiment.

4．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．Artemis:

NASA'

snewprogramB．Loveisolation?

NASAwantsyou!

C．NASA'

sMarsexplorationprogramD．WanttohaveatriptoMars?

Come!

【答案】

1．C2．A3．B4．B

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍美国宇航局要做的一个新实验。

这个新实验是为美国宇航局的载人航天计划准备的。

你在与世隔绝的环境中还能保持健康吗?

美国宇航局正在寻找被关在俄罗斯实验室8个月进行新实验的人。

1．细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Currently,NASA'

sApollo17missionlandedin1972.（目前，美国宇航局的“阿尔忒弥斯”计划的目标是自1972年美国宇航局的“阿波罗17号”登月任务以来，首次将人类送上月球）”可知，这个新实验是为美国宇航局的载人航天计划准备的。

故选C。

2．细节理解题。

根据第四段中“Thishabitatfacilitywasusedin2011fornotableseriesofRussianmock（模拟的）MarsmissionsknownasMars500.（这个栖息地设施在2011年被用于一系列著名的俄罗斯模拟火星任务，被称为“火星500”）”可知，作者在文中提到“火星500”是为了解释为什么会选择这个设施。

故选A。

3．主旨大意题。

根据第六段中的“BylivingandworkinginthisMars-likeenvironment,participantsinthisstudywillhelpNASAresearchersbetterunderstandthepsychologicalandphysiological（心理和生理的）effectsofisolation.（通过在这种类似火星的环境中生活和工作，这项研究的参与者将帮助NASA研究人员更好地理解隔离的心理和生理影响）”可知，第六段讲的是实验的目的。

故选B。

4．主旨大意题。

根据第一段“Doyoucontinuetobehealthyinsocialisolation?

NASAislookingforpeopletospend8monthslockedinaRussianlabforanewexperiment.（你在与世隔绝的环境中还能保持健康吗？

美国宇航局正在寻找被关在俄罗斯实验室8个月进行新实验的人）”可知，这篇文章的最佳标题是B项Loveisolation?

Passage2（2021·

高三一模）

Everyonehasaphoneintheirpocketnowadays,buthowoftendowereallyusethemfortheiroriginalpurpose-tomakeacall?

Telephonecultureisdisappearing.Whatbroughtustothismoment,andwhatareitseffects?

“Noonepicksupthephoneanymore,”wroteAlexC．MadrigalonTheAtlantic.Thereflexofanswering-centu20th—telephonicculture—isgone.”

Theshiftisofcoursedueinlargeparttomorecommunicationoptions:

Textingwithphotos,videos,emojis,reactiongifs,linksandevenvoicemessagescanbeamoreattractiveoption.

Textingislightandfun,notnearlyasdemandingofyourattentionasaphonecall.Itcanalsobedonewithmultiplepeopleatthesametime.Socialmedia,emailandvideocallshavealsoeatenawayattraditionalphonecalls.

Inrecentyears,anotherreasonhascausedpeopletoignorephonecallscompletely:

robocalls.Robocallsareautomatemessagesfromorganizationsverifyingyourphonenumberortelemarketerstryingtosellsomething.Americansreceived22.8billionrobocallshalfwaythrough2020,equalinganannualrateof45.6billion,slightlybelow2018numbers,accordingtoYouMail,arobocallprotectionserviceandblockingapp.

Astelephoneculturedisappears,whatisthelossofasingularfamilyphonedoingtothefamilyunit?

Earlylandlinephonesunifiedfamilymembers,whereasmobilephonesisolatethem.

“Thesharedfamilyphoneservedasananchorforhome,”saidLukeFernandez,aWeberStateUniversitycomputer-scienceprofessorandco-authorofBored,Lonely,Angry,Stupid:

FeelingsAboutTechnology,FromtheTelegraphtoTwitter.“Withsmartphoneswehavegainedmobilityandprivacy.Butthevalueofthehomehasbeendiminished,ashasitsabilitytoguideandmonitorfamilybehaviorandperhapsconnectfamiliesmoreclosely,”Fernandezsaid.

Ofcourse,astechnologyprogresses,livesalwayschangeforbetterorforworse.Withthelossoftelephoneculture,familieswillneedtofindotherwaystounite.

5．What'

sthepurposeofthepassage?

A．Topointoutthedisadvantagesofthetraditionalphonecall.

B．Tocallforthetraditionalphonetoadvancewiththetimes.

C．Toencouragepeopletomakemorephonecallsandbeclosertofamily.

D．Tointroducethecausesandeffectsofthedisappearingtelephoneculture.

6．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A．Thetelephoneculturedisappearedjustbecauseoftoomanyrobocalls.

B．Earlylandlinephonesareinconvenientandtheyseparatefamilymembers.

C．Somecommunicationoptionsaremoreattractivethanthetraditionalphonecall.

D．Textingwithmultiplepeopleatthesametimetakesupourattentiontoomuch.

7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminished”inParagraph7probablymean?

A．ChangedB．DecreasedC．StrengthenedD．Continued

8．What'

stheauthor'

sattitudetotheeffectsofthedisappearingtelephoneculture?

A．Supportive.B．Opposed.C．Objective.D．Skeptical.

5．D6．C7．B8．C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了电话文化正在消失并分析了电话文化消失背后的原因以及影响。

5．推理判断题。

根据第一段“Everyonehasaphoneintheirpocketnowadays,buthowoftendowereallyusethemfortheiroriginalpurpose-tomakeacall?

（如今，每个人的口袋里都有一部手机，但我们有多少次真正把它用于其最初的用途——打电话？

电话文化正在消失。

是什么把我们带到这一刻，它的影响是什么？

）”结合文章主要介绍了电话文化正在消失并分析了电话文化消失背后的原因以及影响。

可推知，这篇文章的目的是介绍电话文化消失的原因和影响。

故选D。

6．细节理解题。

根据第三段“Theshiftisofcoursedueinlargeparttomorecommunicationoptions:

Textingwithphotos,videos,emojis,reactiongifs,linksandevenvoicemessagescanbeamoreattractiveoption.（这种转变在很大程度上是由于更多的交流选择：

用照片、视频、表情符号、动图、链接甚至语音信息发送短信都是更有吸引力的选择）”可知，有些交流方式比传统的电话更有吸引力。

7．词义猜测题。

根据第七段中“Thesharedfamilyphoneservedasananchorforhome（共享的家庭电话是家庭生活的支柱）”以及画线词上文“Withsmartphoneswehavegainedmobilityandprivacy.Butthevalueofthehomehasbeen”可知，but表示转折，说明共享的家庭电话是家庭生活的支柱。

有了智能手机，我们获得了移动性和隐私，但是家的价值已经下降，即画线词意思是“下降”。

A.Changed改变；

B.Decreased下降；

C.Strengthened加强；

D.Continued继续。

8．推理判断题。

通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了电话文化正在消失，并客观分析了电话文化消失背后的原因以及影响，作者在文中只是陈述客观事实和列举他人的观点，并没有提到自己对于电话文化消失的态度，可推知，作者对正在消失的电话文化的影响持客观态度。

Passage3（2021·

河北高三月考）

Apple’siPadhasbeenahugehitamongchildren,withitseasy-to-useinterfaceandinnovativeapps.

Infact,researcherssaytheastonishingriseoftheiPadhasmeantithasnowovertakenhouseholdnamessuchasMcDonaldsandDisneytobecomethenumberonebrandamongAmerican6-12yearolds.

Theannualstudy,conductedbyleadingyouthandfamilyresearchfirmSmartyPants,ranksmorethan250brandseachyear.“iPad’snumberonestatusamongkidsrepresentsthesummitofthe‘tablettakeover’—amovementfromsharedscreensandTVnetworkdominancetoplannedcontentonpersonaldevices,”saidWynneTyree,presidentofSmartyPants.“KidsincreasinglyturntoiPadforgames,TVshows,videos,books,homeworkhelpandcommunicatingwithfriendsandfamily.”

Inthefirm’s2014study,Apple’siPadwentaheadofkidbrandssuchasMcDonald’s,Toys’R’Us,Nickelodeon,andDisney.KidsseetheiPadasthea-in-onedigitaltool,givingthemauniquesenseofindependence,theresearcherssay.

TyreenotesthatiPad’smarchtothetophasbeendramatic.“Injustfiveyears,theiPadhasrisenfromranking109thtobeingkids’favoritebrand.Earlyon,itcapturedtheheartsoftweensandmiddleandupperclassfamilies,butiPadisnowanindispensablepartofchildhoodforthemasses.”

OnthestudyiPadwastopswithaweightedscoreof898outof1000.Di