高中英语语法通霸7定语从句语法常考点专项总结归纳讲解与高考真题详细分类练习题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
《高中英语语法通霸7定语从句语法常考点专项总结归纳讲解与高考真题详细分类练习题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语语法通霸7定语从句语法常考点专项总结归纳讲解与高考真题详细分类练习题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx（36页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
（例句中，who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词theboy。
关系代词
指人时可以用who,也可用that。
Doyouknowtheboywho/thatismydeskmate?
Themanwho/thatwaskilledintheaccidentisTom’suncle.
指物时可以用which,也可用that。
Ilikevisitingplaceswhich/thatarenotfaraway.Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday.
whose可以指人也可以指物。
Hewasapainterwhosepictureswerenotwell-knowninhislifetime.
Thetreewhoseleavesareredwasplantedlastyear.
关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
Ilikethemealthat/which/（）wehadlastnight.Doyouknowtheboywho/whom/that/（）wetalkedaboutjustnow?
注：
（）表示关系代词省略
关系副词
关系副词在从句中只能作状语。
when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。
如：
Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweekwhentheweathermaybebetter.
Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.
Thatisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleave.
ThisisthewayhowIdidit.（how不能作关系词）
基础过关
1.用合适的关系词完成句子。
Theman______/______washereyesterdayisapainter.
Theman______/______/______/______IsawiscalledSmith.
Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.
I’dlikearoom______windowlooksoutoverthesea.
Aletter______/______iswritteninpencilishardtoread.
Theletter______/______/______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.
Thatistheboy______/______/______/______youarelookingfor.
Doyouknowthereason______hewaslateforthemeeting？
Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.
Istillremembertheday______wemetforthefirsttime.
2.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。
______定语从句:
（）先行词：
先行词关系词：
例：
Thisisthebook（thatIhavebeenlookingfor）.
Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.
Haveyouboughtthebookwhichwetalkedabout？
Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.
Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.
TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.
ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn’ssister.
Thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldn’tbefriends.
Theyarrivedintheearlymorningwhentheskywasstilldark.
Thedaysweregonewhenwehadtotravelonhorses.
Isthisthehospitalwhereyouwereborn?
关系词的选择
选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分
含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：
主句和从句。
关系词是定语从句的一个成分。
选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。
HeworkedinthefactorywhichproducesTVsets.
Heworkedinthefactorywherehisfatherhadworked.
Iliketheschoolwhichisneartomyhome.
Iliketheschoolwheremysisterstudies.
在句1和句2中，先行词前都有in,但关系词有用which也有用where的；
在句3和句4中，先行词都是theschool,但关系词有用which也有用where的。
因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。
在句1和句3中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which；
在句2和句4中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where。
我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。
选用关系词的方法：
一“找”二“还”三“替换”
找：
就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词。
（参看本章第1讲）
还：
根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原（答疑qq329950885）为完整的一句话。
（可以添词）
替换：
用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。
（时间状语用when，地点状语用where,原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用which/that即可）
例如：
Thisistheschool______Ioncestudied.
Thisistheschool______isthemostfamousinthecity.
Iamstudyingataschool______myfatherteachesEnglish.
（略）
还原：
根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：
Ioncestudiedattheschool.
Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.
MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.
粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。
根据“对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where,2.本该用what,在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。
因此，答案为：
1.where；
2.that/which；
3.where
关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首
【2009江西】ThehouseIgrewup______hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.
A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich
答案与分析：
A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；
C介词后不能用that；
D关系词一般不位于句末；
而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。
因此选B。
利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词
Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
A.thatB.whatC.howD.why
Isthisthereason______hewassocarelessinhiswork?
Thereason______hedidn’tcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;
thatB.that;
whyC.forthat;
thatD.forwhich;
what
Helivesinavillage______isnotfarfromthecity.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose
Helivesinthevillage______hewasborn.
A.whichB.where
C.whatD.whose
Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces______couldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.
A.whereB.when
C.whichD.what
Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces______wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed.
C.whichD.what
Theplace______interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.
C.whatD.inwhich
Theplace______hehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren’sPalace.
C.whatD.inwhere
I’llneverforgetthedays______westudiedtogether.
A.thatB./C.whenD.AandB
I’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.
Ifwewanttohaveabrightfuture,wemustlearntoactinways______donotdoharmtootherlivingthings.
A.inwhichB./C.howD.that
Isthisthefactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?
A.whenB.theonewhere
C.thatD.inwhich
Isthisfactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?
A.whichB.theonewhere
Thisisthefactory______producescolorTVsets.
A.whereB.theonewhere
【2010天津】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?
—Youshouldtrythebarber’s______Igo.It’sonly15.
A.asB.whichC.whereD.that
【2011陕西】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,______weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.
A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that
【2011福建】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmos-phereforherstudents______allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who
【2012江西】By16:
30,______wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that
【2013山东】Finallyhereachedalonelyisland______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom
只能用that不能用which的情况
先行词是anything,something,nothing,everything等不定代词时
关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
I.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.
A.whichB.asC.whoD.that
II.Isthereanything______toyou?
A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongs
C.thatbelongD.whichbelongs
III.【2010全国2】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething______wassomeoneelse’sfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what
先行词是all,much，little,none或先行词被all,much,little,no,any修饰时
关系词只能用that,不能用which。
Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.
IV.Thesepeopleoncehadfameandfortune;
now______islefttothemisutterpoverty.
A.allthatB.allwhat
C.allwhichD.thatall
V.Thereisnotmuch______canbedone.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how
VI.【2010浙江】______that’simportantisthatyouaredoingyourbestandmovingintherightdirection.
A.OneB.All
C.EverythingD.Anything
VII.Thereisnodifficulty______can’tbeovercomeintheworld.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what
VIII.Alltheapples______felldownwereeatenbythepigs.
A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.what
IX.Youcantakeanyseat______isfree.
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
先行词被最高级、序数词以及thefirst,thelast,thevery,theonly,thesame修饰时
被这类词修饰时，关系代词常用that，不用which。
X.Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.
A.which;
which
C.which;
whichD.that;
that
XI.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.
A.thatB.itC.whichD.who
XII.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone______Ihavewatchedthisyear.
A.whichB.what
C.whoseD.that
XIII.Thisistheveryfilm______I’velongwishedtosee.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom
XIV.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch______washeldlastweek.
A.whichB.whoC.thatD./
XV.Thisisthelasttime______Ishallcomeheretohelpyou.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what
XVI.It’sthethirdtime______latethismonth.
A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrived
C.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived
先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that
XVII.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.
A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that
XVIII.Boththegirlandherdog______werecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.
A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that
XIX.Allthepassengersandsuitcases______werestillwaitingonthebrokendownbushadtobetransferredtoanotherlongdistancebus.
A.theyB.whoC.whichD.that
XX.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons______theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
注意：
关系副词不受这些规则的影响
只是（答疑qq329950885）在选用关系代词时才使用这些规则。
XXI.【2010福建】StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose
Thisisthesamehouse______hergrandfatherwasborn.
其他有关关系词选择的规则
关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，不用that；
要用whom，不用who
第1章【2011湖南】JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof______shespokefluently.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that
第2章【2008湖南】Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,______arebeyondourcontrol.
A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat
第3章Thisisthemuseum______wesawanexhibitiontheotherday.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat
第4章【2009全国
】Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof______Ihadevermetbefore.A.themB.whoC.whomD.these
第5章【2010浙江】Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof______leftthe
升级会员 