语法 GrammarWord文件下载.docx
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2)集体名词如people,cattle,police,poultry,等往往作复数用。
Somepeopledrivemadlyinthiscountry.
Manycattlehavediedbecauseofthefold.
Thepolicehavebeensenttherebuttheyhavenotmadeanyarrestsyet.
Poultryareplentifulinthatmountainregion.
3)family,government,class,committee,audience,team,public等词被视做一个整体时,其后的动词作单数;
被视做为构成整体的个体时,其后的动词则为复数。
Hisfamilyisahappyone.
Hisfamilyareallinterestedinstamp-collecting.
TheDemocraticGovernmentisinpowernow.
Thegovernmentis/areconsideringfurthertaxcuts.
Theaudiencewasveryquitewhenhewasgivinghisspeech.
Theaudiencewereshoutingandlaughingwhenhecameintothehall.
Ourclassisthetopclassinthegrade.
Theclassarebusytakingnotes.
3.并列主语与动词的一致
1)当“名词+名词”表示一种事物时,用单数动词。
BaconandeggsisaverypopularBritishbreakfast.
Toastandmarmalade(果酱面包)ismyfavoritebreakfast.
Fishandchips(炸鱼与土豆片)isservedeveryday.
2)当主语是由and,both….and连接的并列结构时,如果主语所指的不是一种事物,动词则用复数形式。
JackandMaryareinlovewitheachother.
BothTomandJohnareabsenttoday.
War,famineanddroughthaveclaimedthousandsoflivesinthatcountry.
3)在又or或nor连接的并列结构中,动词单、复数形式一般与or或nor后边的名词或代词保持一致。
Heorhisbrothersaretoblameforthis.
Eitheryouoryourfriendhastopaythebill.
Eitherhisfatherorhismothercomestoseehimeveryday.
Whencouplesquarrel,(either)thewifeorthehusbandhastogivein.
Neithershenoryouaremistaken.
Neitherthemanagernortheclerksarecollegegraduates.
4)notonly…butalso连接的结构做主语时,动词的单、复数形式依据butalso后的名词或代词。
NotonlyFredbutalsohisparentslovethissmallpetdog.
Notonlytheboysbutalsotheirmotherisveryell.
课后练习
TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.
1)Usetheverb+nouncollocation.
出席会议toattendameeting干的不错todoagoodjob
体验苦难toexperiencebitterness自学英语toteachoneselfEnglish
发现奇迹todiscoverwonders忍住咳嗽toholdbackone’scough
掌握技能tomasterskills获取知识toacquireknowledge
需要勇气torequirecourage丰富生活toenrichone’slife
接受修正toacceptrectification改正错误tocorrectmistakes
不再指望tocherishnohope作出努力tomakeefforts
2)Usethe“usefulexpressions”.
1.新造的大桥坍塌了,一名工程师和两名地方官员为此受到刑事起诉。
Thecollapseofthebignewly-builtbridgeledtocriminalprosecutionagainstanengineerandtwolocalgovernmentofficials.
2.他工作了一天,午饭都没动。
Heworkedallday,leavinghislunchuntouched.
3.经常性的体育运动使学生身体强壮,更好的适应学习,决不是浪费时间。
Farfrombeingawasteoftime,regularsportsactivitiesmakestudentsphysicallystronganddealwiththeirstudybetter.
4.在海洋世界公园,海豹和海豚能够表演各种技巧,逗的小观众们乐不可支。
ThesealsanddolphinsintheSeaWorldarecapableofvariousactingtechniques,andthismakeschildrenaudienceoverjoyed.
5.把快乐建立在别人痛苦之上的人迟早要受到报应的。
Thosewhotakedelightinotherpeople’spainwillsufferretributionsoonerorlater.
6.在某些方面,那部新字典有不少地方需要改进。
Insomerespects,thatnewdictionaryhasmuchtobeimproved.
7.当那辆公共汽车冲进路边翻了车时,许多小朋友被困在里边。
Whenthatbushrushedoutoftheroadandturnedover,manychildrengottrappedinit.
8.在开幕式上,市政府将为一千多明来宾提供饮食。
Attheopeningceremony,themunicipalgovernmentwillprovidefoodanddrinkformorethan1,000guests.
9.在中国,城市家庭只允许生一个孩子。
InChina,everyurbanfamilyisrestrictedtoonlyonechild.
10.只要我们能得到点休息,去哪里并不重要。
Aslongaswecangetalittlerest,isdoesn’tmatterwherewego.
3)Uselearn,askandteach.
1.那位男孩向警察询问去火车站怎么走。
Thatboyaskedthepolicemanhowtogettotherailwaystation.
2.学习外语没有任何捷径可走。
Therearenoshortcutstolearningaforeignlanguage.
3.获悉我最喜欢的数学老师仍然在那所学校教书我决定去看他。
Learningthatmyfavouritemathsteacherisstillteachinginthatschool,Idecidedtovisithim.
4.这位老工人教育他的子女做人要诚实。
Thisveteranworkertaughthischildrentobehonest.
5.他问老板那天他是否可以早点离开办公室。
Heaskedhisbosswhetherhecouldleaveoffworkalittleearlierthatday.
6.艰难困苦使我们对我们现有的一切感到满意。
Difficultiesandhardshipsteachustobegratefulforallthatwehavealreadyhad.
7.毕业时他要求到西藏去工作一年。
Onhisgraduation,heaskedtoworkinTibetforoneyear.
8.我只不过是想关心别人,也希望受到他人的关心,我的要求并不过分。
AllIwanttodoisjusttoshowmycareforothers,andIhopetobetreatedinthesamewaybyothers.Iamnotaskingtoomuch.
9.聪明人从自己的错误中吸取教训。
Wisemenlearnlessonsfromtheirownmistakes.
10.求援是没有用的,因为已经早过了午夜。
Sinceitiswellaftermidnight,thereisnopointinaskingforhelp.
11.那位科学家教育他的学生说年轻人要面向未来。
Thatscientisttaughthisstudentsthatyoungpeopleshouldbegearingthemselvesforthefuture.
12.问及她生活的最大乐趣时,她说“学习”。
Whenaskedwhatwasthegreatestpleasureinherlife,shereplied“learning”
LESSON2
Subject-VerbAgreement(II)
1.带确定数量词的名词词组做主语时的主谓一致
1)当主语是表示数目、时间、重量、距离等的复数名词时,如果该名词所表示的数量看作一个整体,其后的动词用单数。
Tensecondsofsilenceappearsveryawkwardontelevision.
AthousanddollarsamonthismorethanIcanafford.
FouryearsItoolongformetowait.
Sixtymilesisashortruninacar.
2)当主语是表示数目、时间、重量、距离等的复数名词时,如该名词所表示的数量看作单个个体,其后的动词用复数。
Thepastthreeweekswerethehardesttimeinhislife.
Hundredsofbuildingswereputupinthecitylastyear.
Fivekilosofapplesareplacedintothebasket.
3)当主语为“分数或百分数+of+名词”时,其后的动词形式依照of后名词的单复数形式来定。
Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.
Three-fourthsofthepeopledonotagreewiththepresident.
One-fourthoftheregionisunderdeveloped.
Thirtypercentoftheoilinthatcountryisimported.
Tenpercentoftheeggshavegonebad.
Fiftypercentofthelandinthatregionhasbeenusedtobuildfactories.
4)当主语为sheep,fish,deer,aircraft,means,steelworks等单数与复数同形的词时,动词的形式以名词单、复数意义为准。
AnAmericanaircraftwasbroughtdownbytheanti-aircraftfire.
Threeaircraftarereportedmissing.
Variousmeanshavebeentriedtosolvetheproblem.
Twosteelworkswerebuilttenyearsago.
Tenfishhavebeencaughttoday.
Onesheepwaskilledbyawolf.
2.all的主谓一致
1)代词all表示可数的人或物时,其后的动词用复数形式。
Allwerehungryanddesperateforfood.
Allwhohaveseenthefilmloveit.
Allofthemenjoyedthemselvesattheparty.
2)代词all表示不可数的名词时,其后的动词用单数.
Allisgoingwell.
Allisquiteinthemiddleofthenight.
Allyouhavetodonowiswait.
Allthatglittersisnotgold.
Allofhismoneyisgone.
3)形容词all+可数名词时,其后的动词用复数形式。
AllroadsleadtoRome.
Allthepeopletakingpartintheracewereover60yearsold.
Allthingsaredifficultwhenwebegintodothem.
4)形容词all+不可数名词时,其后的动词用单数形式。
AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.
Notallfoodisgoodtoeat.
TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish
1.usetheverb+nounoradj.+nouncollocation
实现目标toachievegoals崇拜英雄toworshipheroesandheroines
崇拜金钱toworshipmoney受到赏识togainrecognition
获得自信togainself-confidence保持沉默tokeepsilence
打破沉默tobreakthesilence推卸责任toshakeofresponsibility
引起注意toattractattention分清敌友todistinguishbetweenfriendsandenemies
加快速度topickupspeed透露秘密todiscloseasecret
塑造历史toshapehistory塑造未来toshapethefuture
开创生活tostartanewlife缓解贫穷toeasepoverty
取得进展tomakeadvances现任总统currentpresident
工作重心themainemphasisofthework新颖观点originalideas
真诚愿望sincerewishes
2.usethe“usefulexpressions”
1)去郑州的路上,我们经过一个被洪水冲毁的村庄。
OnourwaytoZhengzhou,wepassedthroughavillagewhichhadbeendestroyedbytheflood.
2)那次不寻常的经历使鲍勃变成一个耐心、宽容的人。
ThatunusualexperiencehasturnedBobintoapatientandtolerantperson.
3)那人的头发染成了艳绿色,看上去象个小丑。
Withhishairdyedbrightgreen,thatpersonlookslikeaclown.
4)他们总是对照专业人员的标准来审视自己的工作。
Theyarealwaysmeasuringtheirownworkagainstthestandardsetfortheprofessionals’work.
5)便衣警察在黑暗里等着盗贼出现。
Plainclothespolicemenwerewaitinginthedarkfortheburglarstoshowup.
6)琼丝太太的善良使男孩心里充满了希望和感激。
ThekindnessofMrs.Jonesfilledtheboywithhopeandgratitude.
7)那些超级明星的私生活经常受到小报的评论。
Theprivatelivesofthosesuperstarsareoftencommentedonbytabloids.
8)这个女孩子有非凡的毅力使她不同于她的同班同学。
Thisgirlisdistinguishedfromherclassmatesforheruncommonwillpower.
9)日落时分,强劲的冷风由东南风转为西北风。
Atsundown,thestrongcoldwindhasshiftedfromthesoutheasttothenorthwest.
10)最高额的奖学金颁给了一位物理研究生。
Thehighestscholarshipwenttoapostgraduatemajoringinphysics.
11)安徒生的童话以寓意深刻著称。
Anderson’sfairytalesareknownfortheirprofoundmorals.
12)许多人开始意识到在公共场所使用蜂窝电话的负作用。
Manypeoplehavecometorealizetheside-effectfromtheuseofcellularphonesinpublic.
3.usemake,recognizeanddefine.
1)国际社会公认中华人民共和国代表全中国。
Asuniversallyrecognizedbytheinternationalcommunity,thePeople’sRepublicofChinastandsforthewholeChina.
2)小时侯她的父母就教育他要准备为了国家的利益作出自我牺牲。
Whenshewasachild,herparentstaughthertobepreparedformakingself-sacrificeforthebenefitofthemotherland.
3)我们一眼就认出舞台上的那个罗密欧是我们的英国老师。
WeimmediatelyrecognizeourEnglishteacherwhowasthenplayingtheroleofRomeoonthestage.
4)英国人的矜持使他们显得傲气。
ThereservedmanneroftheBritishpeoplemakesthemappeararrogant.
5)不同的民族对人权的定义有很大的不同。
Differentpeopledefinehumanrightsinverydifferentways.
6)我的朋友乔治因其新颖观点而倍加赞赏,他的成功使得我的努力显得微不足道。
MyfriendGeorgewashighlypraisedforhisoriginalideas,a