Air ForestReefWord文档下载推荐.docx

Air ForestReefWord文档下载推荐.docx

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JoungwonLee,BumhyunChun,KyungminKwon,SungpilWon

Structure:

Pneumatic

Construction:

ABR

Finishing:

Nylonfabricwithsilverdotprinting

GrossfloorArea:

673sqm

Designyear:

2004-2008

Constructionyear:

2008

Photographs:

SungpilWon/MassStudies

AirForestisatemporarypublicpavilioninstalledinCityPark,Denver,Colorado,USA,forDialog:

City,anartsandculturaleventduringtheDemocraticNationalConvention2008.

Site

Locatedineast-centralDenver,CityParkisthelargestandmostnotableparkinDenver.Thishistoric1.3km2parkhaslargeopengrassfieldswithFerrilLakeinitscenter,witharingoftreesallaroundthelakeandthepark’sperimeter.Thereisamaineast-westaxisthatcrossesthelake,startingfromtheDenverMuseumofNatureandScienceonthelake’seasternedge（atthepark’shighestelevation）tothelandmarkboatpaviliontothewestontheothersideofthelake,pastwhichonecanseetheDenverskylineandthemountainsbeyond.Theringoftreesbecomesdisconnectedatthisaxisonbothsidesofthelake,toprovideavantagepoint.

AirForest

AirForestisa56.3mlong,25mwidepneumaticstructure,composedof9hexagonalcanopyunits,at4mheight.Theseunitsareinterconnectedasonelargepieceoffabric,whicharetheninflatedfromthe14blowersthatarelocatedatthebaseinsideits35columns.Thesecolumnsare5mapart,andareweigheddownbydirtandlightingelementswhicharealsoinsidethecolumns,whichlightupatnightandprovideapublicspaceafterdarkaswell.6eachofthesepneumaticcolumnsformaunitastheyareconnectedinahexagonalmannercreatingacircularopeningfromtheirinsideperimeter.Outofthe9totalhexagonalunitsformed,3ofthemareleftopen-airwhiletheremaining6havevortex-shapedmeshesthathangfromthem,providingshadesforthepublicfromtheharshsunlight.Thenylonfabriciscoatedwithagradientofsilverdots,whosereflectivesurfacemimicsthecolorsofitssurroundingenvironment,aswellasprovidingaplayfuldottedshadowonthepeopleunderthestructure.

TheAirForestissituatedonthewesternedgeoftheFerrilLakealongthemainaxis.Beingatoneofthetwodisconnectedopengapsoftheringofforests,thissyntheticstructureseemstobeacontinuationoftheforestthatbridgesthisgap.

Thestructurealsoactsasagiantdevicetomeasurethesite’sconditions.Notonlydoesitswaygentlywiththewind,italsoactsasabarometer,sincetheinstallationbecomesstructurallyweaker（andthusaffectedbythewindmore）astheairpressuredropsduetocoolerweatherorevenaftersunset.

ChopStick/Visiondivision

Here’sawholenewdefinitionofthephrase“TreeHouse.”

Visiondivision‘sconcessionstandfor100Acres,anArt&

NatureParkinIndiana,ismadeentirelyfromone100-ftyellowpoplartree.Notonlydoesthetrunkformthehorizontalbeamofthestructure,butliterallynothingofthetreewaslefttowaste:

barkbecameshingles;

extractedpiecesofwoodbecamestructuralsupport,chairsandtables,swings;

eventhebark’ssyrupwasextractedtobesoldinthekioskitself.

Thearchitectswhorefinedthistreeintoabuildingwereinspiredbyanethosof“gentleness”withnature.Astheyshareintheirarchitects’brief:

“Ourprojectisabouttryingtoharvestsomethingasgentlyaspossiblesothatthesourceofwhatweharvestisdisplayedinapure,pedagogicandrespectfulway—respectfultoboththesourceitselfandtoeveryonevisitingthebuilding.”

Thedesignisbasedontheuniversalnotionthatyouneedtosacrificesomethinginordertomakesomethingnew.Everyproductisacompoundofdifferentpiecesofnature,whetheritisacellphone,acar,astonefloororawoodboard;

theyhaveallbeenharvestedinonewayoranother.Ourprojectisabouttryingtoharvestsomethingasgentlyaspossiblesothatthesourceofwhatweharvestisdisplayedinapure,pedagogicandrespectfulway—respectfultoboththesourceitselfandtoeveryonevisitingthebuilding.

Therawmaterialweselectedisa100-footyellowpoplartree,thestatetreeofIndiana,knownforitsbeauty,respectablesize,andgoodpropertiesashardwood.WefoundagreatspecimenstandinginapatchofforestoutsideofAnderson,Indiana.Ourgoalwastomakethebestoutofthisspecificpoplartree,fromtakingitdownandthroughthewholeprocessoftransformingitintoausefulbuildingthatisnowpartofoneofthefinestartparksintheUnitedStates.Astheprojectproceeded,wecontinuedtobesurprisedbyallofthemarvelousfeaturesthatwererevealedinrefiningatreeintoabuilding;

bothinthelevelofcraftsmanshipandknowledgeofwoodworkersandarborists,andalsoofthetreeitself.

Thetreewasthentransportedtotheparksite,whereitbecamethesuspendedhorizontalbeamofthisnewstructure,whichisalmostentirelymadeoutofthetreeitself.Thetree’sbarkwasremovedtopreventitfromfallingonbystanders,aprocessthatoccursnaturallyasthemoisturecontentinthewooddrops,causingthetreetoshrinkandthebarktoloseitsgrip.Craftsmenloosenentirecylindersofbarkfromthetrunkthatarethenflattenedandcutintoastandardshinglelength.Theshingleswascarefullystackedandplacedunderpressuretoavoidcurling.Thestackswasthenkilndriedtothepropermoisturecontent,sterilized,andkeptinclimate-controlledstorageuntiltheywherereadyforuse.Barkshinglesareverydurable,longlasting（upto80years）,andmaintenancefree.

Afterdebarking,piecesofwoodareextractedfromthesuspendedtreeandusedforeachofthecomponentsoftheconcessionstand;

structuralsupportoftheconstruction,pillarsandstudsforthekiosk,swingsunderthetreeforkids,chairsandtablestobeplacedunderthetree’scrown,fromwhichspecialfixturesmadeoutofbarkpieceswillhang.Manyschoolchildrenvisit100Acres,andwehadthosekidsinmindwhenwedecidedtohangswingsfromthetree.Onasmallerscale,weexploredwaystouseotherpartsofthetreeintheconcessionstand,includingpressedleavesandflowersthatweretakenfromthetreeandthatbecameornamentsinthefrontglassofthekiosk.

WealsomadeYellowPoplarsyrupthatwasextractedfromthebarkofthetreeandthatwillbesoldinthekiosk,thusmeaningthatyoucouldactuallyeatapartofthebuilding.

Thedelicatebalanceactoftheriskofweakeningthehoveringtreewithtakingcutsfromitversushavingtohaveacertainamountofwoodtostabilizeandconstructthekioskandcarryingtheloadfromthetreeitselfwasverychallenging.Manydayswerespentwiththestructuralengineertryingdifferenttypesofcutsinacomputermodeltooptimizethestructure.Tobeabletofitallpiecesthatneededtobetakenfromthetreeintotheactualcutsweneededtomakedrawingsforeverysinglepiecetakenfromthetree.Wealsoneededtooptimizethekioskbothinsizeandinitsconstructionssinceitwouldtakealotofweightfromthehoveringtrunk.Thekioskgotatrussframeconstructionwithtwolargerpiecesofwoodthatarerightunderthetree.Usingtheschematicsfromourengineer’sforcediagramprogram,weconcludedthatthewallclosertotheendofthetreewastakingmoreofaload,thuswesizedupthetwolargerpiecesofwoodinthatspecificwall.Allthesealterationsreallyjustmadetheprojectmorebeautifulsincethedesignbecamemorerefinedintermsofmorebalancedproportions.

∙Architects:

visiondivisionThroughAndersBerensson&

UlfMejergren

∙Localarchitect:

DonnaSink

∙Client:

IndianapolisMuseumofArts

∙Location:

100Acres:

TheVirginiaB.FairbanksArt&

NatureParkatTheIndianapolisMuseumofArts.Indianapolis,IN,USA

∙Curators:

LisaFreiman&

SarahGreen

∙Structuralengineer:

DaveSteiner

∙Contractor:

TheHagermangroup

∙Logger:

DaveandDave

∙Images:

EricLubrick（IMA）,DonnaSink,visiondivision

Reef

Reefinvestigatestheroleemergingmaterialtechnologycanplayinthesensitivereprogrammingofarchitecturalandpublicspace.ShapeMemoryAlloys（SMAs）,acategoryofmetalsthatchangeshapeaccordingtotemperature,offerthepossibilityofefficient,fluidmovementwithoutthemechanizedmotionofearliertechnologies.Operatingatamolecularlevel,thismotionparallelsthatofplantsandlowerlevelorganismsthatareconsideredresponsivebutnotconscious.Afieldofsunflowersastheytrackthesunacrosstheskyorareefcoveredwithseaanemones,offerimagesofthetypeofresponsivemotionthistechnologyaffords.Itsuseinpracticalapplicationshasbeenlimitedtothemedicalandaerospacefieldsaswellasnoveltytoys-thesuperexclusivevs.thetrite.Despitethepotentialofthistechnology,therehavebeenfewseriousattemptstotestitspossibilitiesatthescaleofarchitecturalenvironments.Reef'

suniqueexplorationoftechnologyshiftsfromthebiomimetictothebiokineticwhileliberatingandextendingarchitecturescapacitytoproduceasenseofwillfulness.