Chinglish in CE Translation and Possible Solutions to ItWord文档格式.docx

Chinglish in CE Translation and Possible Solutions to ItWord文档格式.docx

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200460250114

班级

:

256010401

专业：

英语

指导教师：

曾成栋

2008年6月

GRADUATIONTHESIS

（Grade2004）

CHINGLISHINCHINESE-ENGLISHTRANSLATION

ANDPOSSIBLESOLUTIONSTOIT

Name：

HeCan

Number：

200460250114

Class：

Tutor:

ZengChengdong

Department:

SchoolofForeignLanguages

DateofCompletion:

June9,2008

摘要

随着我国改革开放和全球经济一体化，我国与其他国家之间的交流与沟通越来越频繁。

英语已发展为一门世界性语言，并成为我国对外交流的主要工具；

而翻译便成为必要的交流形式。

然而，在翻译过程中普遍存在“中式英语”的现象。

译者拘泥于原文字面，“对号入座”，使得译文生硬晦涩，不符合英语规则或习惯表达，并带有明显的汉语特征，因而不能被以英语为母语者所接受。

它的存在严重影响了翻译的质量以及我国的对外交流，从而影响了我国的国际身份与地位。

针对这一问题，本课题对中式英语进行了较系统的研究，旨在给中国英语学习者一个借鉴，以期在翻译过程中尽量减少使用中式英语，提高汉英翻译质量。

本课题共分为三大部分。

第一部分对中式英语进行了一个概述，给出其定义，并利用对比分析指出其产生的根本原因，即中西思维模式的差异以及母语的干扰；

第二部分从六种错误类型，通过大量例子，较详细地描述了汉英翻译中的中式英语的主要表现形式；

第三部分针对中式英语的产生原因及表现形式，提出了三大改善措施，以期减少和避免汉英翻译中中式英语的现象。

关键词：

中式英语；

思维模式差异；

母语的干扰；

汉英翻译

ABSTRACT

Withthereformandopening-upofChinaandeconomicglobalization,Chinesepeoplearecommunicatingwithothercountriesmorefrequently.Englishthathasdevelopedasaworldwidelanguagehasbecomeourmaintooltofulfillinternationalcommunication,andtranslationhasbecomeanecessarymethod.However,aphenomenonexistscommonlyinChinese-Englishtranslation,thatis,Chinglish.Thetranslatorsjustrigidlysticktooriginalwords,andtheirtranslationsturnouttobeobscureandnotconsistentwithEnglishhabitsorrulesbutwithChinesecharacteristics,whichcannotbeacceptedbyEnglishnativespeakers[1].Consequently,Chinglishseriouslyaffectsthetranslationquality,ourcommunicationwiththeworldandtheinternationalstatusofourcountry.

ThispaperisanattempttostudyChinglishinChinese-Englishtranslation.Bythewayofcontrastiveanalysis,itanalyzesmaincausesandformsofChinglish,forthepurposeofhelpingChineseEnglishlearnershaveaclearercognitionofChinglishandavoiditintranslationasmuchaspossible.Itconsistsofthreeparts.PartonedescribesChinglishwithinterlanguageandanalyzesthebasiccausesofChinglishthatarethoughtpatterndifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishandinterferenceofmothertongue.Fromtheaspectsofsixsortsoferrors,parttwodemonstratesmainmanifestationsofChinglishinC-Etranslationwithalargenumberofexamples.PartthreeofferssomepossiblesolutionswithanaimtoreduceorevadeChinglishinChinese-Englishtranslationtothelargestextent.

Keywords:

Chinglish;

thoughtpatterndifference;

mothertongueinterference;

Chinese-Englishtranslation

Contents

Introduction1

1Chinglish2

1.1DefinitionofChinglish………………………………………………………………2

1.2BasicCausesofChinglish3

1.2.1ThoughtPatternsDifferences3

1.2.2MotherTongueInterference5

2ManifestationsofChinglishinChinese-EnglishTranslation7

2.1RigidTranslation7

2.2UnnecessaryWords7

2.3MisuseofWords9

2.4IncorrectWordOrder11

2.5IncorrectSubject12

2.6IncorrectNegation13

3PossibleSolutionstoChinglishinChinese-EnglishTranslation15

3.1KnowingMoreaboutEnglishThoughtPatterns15

3.2AccumulatingChinglishExamples16

3.3DoingMoreTranslationPractice16

Conclusion18

Bibliography19

Acknowledgements20

Introduction

SinceEnglishhasdevelopedasaninternationallanguage,studyonvariousEnglishversionsonthelinguistics,cultureandcognitionhasbecomeasignificantsubjectintheinternationallanguagestudyfield.

ScholarshomeandabroadhavebeendevotingthemselvestostudyingChinglishforyears.LiWenzhongdistinguishedChinaEnglishfromChineseEnglish.HethoughtthatChinaEnglishwasnotahypothesisbutanobjectivephenomenonwithexpansiveprospectandstudyvalue,whileChineseEnglishwasdistortedEnglishandwouldbegraduallyreducedoreradicatedalongwiththewideuseofEnglishandChineseEnglishlearners’constantexaminationoftheEnglishusedbythemselves.Onthebasisofinterlanguage,LinQiongputforwardthatbothChinaEnglishandChinglishwereinterlanguagevariationsproducedbyChineseandaffectedbyChineselanguageculture,andtheywereinevitable.ZhuangYichuanstatedthatthereweretworeasonsofChinglish.Onewasmisunderstandingoftheoriginal,andtheotherwasbeingnotfamiliarwithEnglishcharacteristicsandadoptingChinesecollocationsandstructures.JoanPinkham,anAmericanprofessionaltranslator,systematicallyclassifiedChinglishmanifestationsandcorrectedthemwithspecificanalysis[2].

TheauthorofthispaperagreesthatChinglishisobjectiveandunavoidableforChineseEnglishlearnersbutneedsimprovement.ThispaperstudiesChinglishinChinese-Englishtranslation,discussingitsdefinition,causesandsolutionswithalargenumberofexamples.

1Chinglish

Chinglishhasalreadyexistedbeforeliberation,evensinceChinesebegantostudyanduseEnglish.Intheearly1980s,someforeignexpertspointedoutthatsomephrasesorstructuresinsomepublishedChinesemagazinesandnewspapersdidnotconformtostandardEnglishactually.BecauseitmanifestsChinesefeature,theycalledthiskindofEnglish“Chinglish”（ChineseEnglish）[2].

Awell-knowntranslator,PeterNewmark,consideredthat,“Hewhowritesorspeaksinaforeignlanguagewillbe‘caught’outeverytime,notbygrammar,whichisprobablysuspiciously‘better’thananeducatednative,notbyhisvocabulary,whichmaywellbewider,butbyhisunacceptableorimpropercollocations[3].”ForChinesepeoplewhatPetertalkedaboutisChinglish.

DefinitionofChinglish

ChinglishisdefinedcomprehensivelybyJoanPinkhamwhoisanAmericanlanguageexpertinherbookTheTranslator’sGuidetoChinglish:

“Chinglish,ofcourse,isthatmisshapen,hybridlanguagethatisneitherEnglishnorChinesebutthatmightbedescribedas‘EnglishwithChinesecharacteristics’”.[4]ItdoesnotconformtostandardEnglishandcannotbeunderstoodoracceptedbyEnglishnativespeakers,soitisnotplayingagoodroleincommunicatingwithEnglishpeople.

Inthestrictsense,ChinglishistheinterlanguageofChineselearnersbetweenChineseandEnglish.ProposedbyS.PitCorderandLarrySelinker,theconceptofinterlanguagewasestablishedaslearners’independentsystemofthesecondlanguagewhichisneitherthenativelanguagenorthesecondlanguage,butacontinuumorapproximationfromhisnativelanguagetothetargetlanguage[5].Twoofthecharacteristicsofinterlanguagearecited:

（1）Itisdynamic,andfulloferrors,andisintheprocessofconstantchangetowardsastandardtargetlanguagesystem.

（2）Thelearner’scompetenceistransitional.Itissubjecttoconstantrevision,passesthroughanumberofstages,andformsthe“interlanguagecontinuum”.

Anotherfeatureisfossilizationwhichisdefinedasaprocessoccurringfromtimetotimeinwhichincorrectlinguisticfeaturesbecomeapermanentpartofthewayapersonspeaksorwritesalanguage[5].BeingChinese,wegenerallycannotreachthesamelevelofcompetenceasEnglishnatives.Our“finalstate”grammarisnotstandardEnglishgrammar.Thus,certainrulesanditems“fossilize”.Typicalerrorsare“hehave…”and“shegotoschoolyesterday”,etc.

AccordingtothedefinitionsofChinglishandinterlanguageandthecharacteristicsofinterlanguage,aconclusioncanbedrawnthatChinglishisaninterlanguageofChineselearnersofEnglish,andisneitherChinesenorEnglishbutstandsbetweenthem.

BasicCausesofChinglish

TherearenumerousreasonsthatwillleadtoChinglishinC-Etranslation.Firstly,lotsofnewwordsappearinChinaandtheycannotbefoundinChinese-Englishdictionaries.Secondly,ChineseandEnglishthoughtpatternsandculturearedifferent.Thirdly,ChinesehavefewchancestoknowidiomaticEnglish.Fourthly,ChinesepeoplearemoreproficientinChinesethaninEnglish.Fifthly,notalltheEnglishteachersareEnglishnatives.Generallyspeaking,ChineseteachersuseChinglishmoreorless,sotheywillsurelytransferChinglishtotheirstudents.Sixthly,whentranslating,ChinesepeopledonotadoptthestructureofEnglishbutChinese.Lastbutnotleast,lackofvocabularymayalsocauseChinglish.

Asamatteroffact,therearetwobasiccausesofChinglish.Oneisthoughtpatternsdifferences.Theotherismothertongueinterference.

1.2.1ThoughtPatternsDifferences

Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatthoughtiscloselyrelatedtolanguage.Ontheonehand,thewayofthinkingdeterminesthewayoflanguageexpressing.Ontheotherhand,language,athinkingvehicle,reflectsthinking.Thecentralpartofwayofthinkingisthoughtpattern.Therefore,thoughtpatterninfluenceslanguageessentially.ChinaisfarfromEnglishspeakingcountries.Owingtodifferentculturesandhistoricalbackgrounds,peopleinthesecountrieshavedifferenthabitsandthoughtpatterns.Accordingly,itisthedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishthoughtpatternsthatbasicallycontributetothearisingofChinglish.Thethoughtpatterndifferencesmainlyembodythefollowingfiveaspects.

（1）Differenceofemphasisonindividualorgeneral

Westernpeopleemphasizeonindividual,whileChinesepaymoreattentiontothegeneral.Englishfollowtheprincipleof“individualliesbeforegeneral[6]”.Takenamesofhumanandplacesforexample.Therulesare“givennamestandsbeforefamilyname”and“smallerunitstandsbeforebiggerunit”.IntheEnglishname“TomSmith”“Tom”isthegivennameand“Smith”isthefamilyname.However,intheChinesename,thefamilynameisbeforethegivenname.Forinstance,张小华,张isthefamilynameand小华isthegi