定语从句培优资料讲义和练习题Word格式.docx
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宾语(动宾或介宾)
指人
whose
定语
which
主语或宾语
指物(有时可与that互换)
关系副词
在句子中的作用
指代(代替功能)
When
(on\in\duringwhich)
时间状语
时间名词
Where
(in\atwhich)
地点状语
地点名词
why(forwhich)
原因状语
指代原因
三、关系代词的句法功能及指代功能
关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间,身兼三职:
①连接主从句的纽带、
②指代先行词、
③在从句中充当某种句子成分。
现在我们将常用的关系代词的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能总结如下:
指代功能
在从句中的作用
指代人
指代物
指代人或物
主语
宾语
whom/who
whose(=ofwhom)
whose(=ofwhich)
四、定语从句的位置
1.定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。
e.g.Thisisthecar(whichheboughtlastyear.)
合并成定从:
Doyouknowthedoctor?
Hespokejustnow.
______________________________________________________________________________
五、各关系代词的用法说
1.who指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
e.g.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.
ThepersonisMr.Huang.Youjusttalkedtohim.
2.whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略。
e.g.Doyouknowtheman(whom)wesawattheBeijingHotel?
ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icalledherjustnow.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3.whose指人或物,在从句中作定语。
Whose可换成the+名词+ofwhom/which
e.g.That’sthemanwhosehousewasburneddown.
=That’sthemanthehouseofwhomwasburneddown.
Thegirlgotfirst.Herfatherhadgivenusareport.
4.which指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。
e.g.I’mnotinterestedinthebookwhichhasjustbeenpublished.
合并成定从:
Ihavereadthenewspaper.Itcarriestheimportantnews.
Ishowedhimtheletter.Ireceiveditthismorning.
_________________________________________________________________________________
6.that指人或物,在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。
Thehouse(that)I’mgoingtobuyfacessouth.
They’retalkingaboutthefilm.Ihaveseenthefilm.
________________________________________________________________________________
Janehasborrowedthebook.ItwaswrittenbyLaoshe.
Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,that,orwhich.
1Theearthquake____________hitthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.
2Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople______________losttheirhomesinthe1906earthquake.
3Thehouse_______________theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.
4Ahouse______________isbuiltonsandmayfalldowninanearthquake.
5Luckilynoneofthepeople______________Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.
6people____________studyearthquakesthinksthattherewillbeanotherbigonesoon.
7.Hehasafriend___________fatherisadoctor.28
总结:
关系代词在定语从句中代替先行词做主语、宾语、表语或定语。
先行词做主宾表,是人时用________,__________或_________;
是物时用__________或__________。
先行词作定语,表示“……的”时,用____________。
六、在定语从句中,只用that不用which的情况
1〉当先行词前有序数词,形容词最高级,或限定词:
theonly,thelast,thevery等修饰时,只用that,不用which
1.Thisismyfirsttrip__________Ihavemadeinmylife.
2.Themostbeautifulplace____________hehasvisitedisGuilin.
3.Thisistheonlygift___________Ihavegotfromhim.
4.Itistheverypen___________Iamlookingfor.
5.Thelastplace___________theyvisitedinChinawasMountHua.
6.Thisistheverybook____________belongstohim.
2〉当先行词为不定代词时,如:
anything,all,no,some,every,everything,nothing,none,much,little等词时,只用that,不用which
1.Shetookawayeverything_________belongstoher.
2.Youcanborrowanybook____________youwanttoread.
3.I’msureshehassomething___________youcanborrow.
4.I’vereadallthebooks___________IborrowedfromBetty.
3〉当有两个以上的先行词,且先行词中有人也有物
时,只用that,不用which。
Theoldmantalkedaboutthepersonsandthings___________hecouldremember.
Thewriterandhisnovel___________youtalkedaboutjustnowarereallywellknown.
4).当主句以who或which开头时,只用that,不用which:
Whoisthegirl___________spoketoyoujustnow?
Whichisthecar____________wasmadeinChina?
定语从句三步曲
1.找到先行词(人,物,有无特殊词修饰)
2.看先行词在从句中所充当的成分
3.选择适当的关系词
Translation
1.我认识站在那边的那个男人。
________________________________________________________
2.请把昨天你买的钢笔给我。
___________________________________________________________
3.这就是在我们班中英语最好的学生。
___________________________________________________
七、关系副词的用法
1.(合并)Thisistheschool.Ihaveworkedintheschoolforsixyears.
Thisistheschool_______________________Ihaveworkedforsixyears.
where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,并在定语从句中作_________,相当于“介词+_________(which)”。
【典型例题】
It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation
_______theycanseethemselvesdifferently.
A.that
B.when
C.which
D.where
Ihavereachedapointinmylife
Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.
A.which
B.where
C.how
D.why
注意:
一些特殊词之后的where
定语从句分别修饰先行词point,situation,part,condition,stage和case等表示抽象意义的词,且从句中缺状语时,用where引导,“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”
I’vecometothepoint_______________Ican’tstandhim.
Icameupwiththepoint________________allthepeopleagreedwith.
2.(合并)They’llneverforgetJuly1.HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherlandonJuly1.
They’llneverforgetJuly1_____________________HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.
(合并)Thedaysaregoneforever.Welivedtogetherhappilyduringthosedays.
Thedays______________________welivedtogetherhappilyaregoneforever.
when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词,在定语从句中作_________,相当于“介词+_____________(which)”。
3.(合并)Therearemanyreasons.Peopleliketravelingformanyreasons.
Therearemanyreasons___________________peopleliketraveling.
why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason,在从句中作__________状语,相当于“for+which”。
即学即用:
1)Thereason_____________hedidn’tcomewasthathewasill.
2)Thereasonheexplainedisnottrue.
关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词做状语。
先行词作原因状语时用_____________;
作地点状语时用__________________;
作时间状语时,用_________________。
八、关系词的判断与选择
对比以下句子,并理解它们为什么用不同的关系词
a.Thisistheplacewhereheworks.
Thisistheplacewhich/thatwevisitedlastyear.
b.Thatwasthedaywhenhearrived.
Doyoustillrememberthedaythat/whichwespenttogether?
c.Thisisthereasonwhyheleft.
Thereasonthat/whichhegaveuswasquitereasonable.
选择定语从句的关系词一定要看先行词在从句中所做成分。
当先行词在从句中作状语,则选择相应的关系________。
当先行词在从句中作主语,宾语或表语,则选择相应的关系__________。
练习:
1.I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworked(vi.)together.
2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________________wespent(vt.)together.
3.Iwenttothecompany______________________Iworked(vi.)tenyearsago.
4.Iwenttothecompany________________Ivisited(vt.)tenyearsago.
5.Thisisthereason______________________hewaslate.
6.Thisisthereason_________________hegave.(vt.)
九、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导。
1).Iwillgiveyouthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.
=Iwillgiveyouthebookforwhichyouasked.
(介词+关系代词引导定语从句时,如先行词是物,关系代词只能为which。
)
2).Wemettheman(whom/that/who)wetalkedabout.
=Wemetthemanaboutwhomwetalked.
(介词+关系代词引导定语从句时,如先行词是人,关系代词只能为whom)
2.如何判断介词
1).看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配Heistheman______whomyoucanbelieve.
2).看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配Hegavemesomebooks_____whichIamnotveryfamiliar.
3).根据先行词判断,所用的介词与先行词搭配
Thisisourclassroom,__________________whichthereisateacher’sdesk.
像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。
Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.
练习题
1.Thisistherock_____________________theboyfelldownintothesea.
2.Thefilmstar__________________wetalkedalotyesterdaywillgiveusaspeechtomorrow.
3.TheWestLake__________________Hangzhouisfamousintheworldwillbemorebeautiful.
4.Thesubject___________________XiaoWangisgoodisphysics.
5.Thereason___________________hecouldnotgotherewasthathisgradeswastoolow.
6.Theprofessor____________Mr.Smithshookhandsyesterdayhasmadenewdiscoveriesinscience.
7.Couldyoutellmetheday____________________youarrived?
8.Iwilltreasurethedays________________Ilivedhere.
十、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法
比较:
Shetoldmesomethingthathappenedyesterday.
Shetoldmesomethinguntrue,whichmademeangry.
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式上
不用逗号和主句隔开
用逗号隔开
意义上
是先行词不可缺少的
定语,不能删除
是对先行词的补充说明,删除后意思仍完整
译法上
翻译成先行词的定语“…的”
通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词的使用
A.做宾语时可省略
B.可用that
C.可用who代whom作宾语
A.不可省
B.不用that
C.不用who代替whom
需要注意的几点:
1.①限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用,是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省去,主句的意思就会不完整,不明确或不合逻辑。
这种定语从句和主句之间____用__________隔开。
Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.
②非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散,只是对先行词作附加说明,如果省去,主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。
这种定语从句和主句之间须用__________隔开。
如:
AbrahamLincoln,wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheseyears,wasmurderedonApril14,1865.
2.比较:
a)Shehastwobrotherswhoareworkinginthecity.(Shehasmorethantwobrothers.)
_________________________________________。
b)Shehastwobrothers,whoareworkinginthecity.(Shehasonlytwobrothers.)
________________________________________________。
a)Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.
____________________________________________________。
b)Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.
________________________________________________________。
3.1).引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that,指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语),指物时须用which.
Theboy’sfather,wasafirefighter,cametohelp.
Flora,beautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.
Now