定语从句复习总提纲Word格式.docx

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定语从句复习总提纲Word格式.docx

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定语从句复习总提纲Word格式.docx

ThefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.

ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.

4、被修饰词为数词时。

YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.

5、主句是Therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。

例句:

There’sstillaroomthatisfree.

6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。

Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthevillagesthatweremembered.

Heaskedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthathehadvisited.

7、当主句中有who,which时,而定语从句中也要用到who或which时,为了避免who…who,which…which等重叠,定语从句要用that引导。

Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?

Whichofthetwocowsthatyoukeepproducesmoremilk?

8、人或物在定语从句中作表语时,用that引导定语从句,而that通常也可以省略。

Heisnolongerthemanthathewas.

二,修饰物时只用which不用that的情况

1,引导非限制性定语从句时。

Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight.

2,当关系词前有介词时。

ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived.

3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which。

LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.

4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。

HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

5、先行词为that时。

Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.钟是报时的装置。

三,修饰人时只用who不用that的情况

1、先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指代人时。

ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.

2、在Therebe结构中,修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。

There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.

3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。

ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.

4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who以避免重复。

Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.

注意:

当关系代词前面有介词时,只能用whom。

Thepersontowhomthisletterwasaddresseddiedthreeyearsago.

四、way在定语从句作先行词的用法

当先行词为way,关系词在从句中作状语时,定语从句的引导词可用inwhich,that或省略引导词。

但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。

如:

Thisistheway(that/inwhich)Idosuchthings.

比较:

Pleasedotheexperimentintheway(that/which)Ihaveshownyou.

Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)helooksatme.

Theway_that/inwhich/不填_heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.

Theway_that/which/不填_heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.

Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_____hesaidit.(04湖北)

A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich

五、在定语从句中作状语的关系副词when,where,why的用法

1、先行词为"

时间名词"

,可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语;

还可以用which或that引导,which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.(作状语)

Nextmonth,whenyouwillbeinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.

Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.

Istillrememberthedayswhen(=onwhich)welivedtogether.

Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.(作宾语)

Nextwinterwhich/thatyou'

llspendinHarbin,I'

msure,willbeexciting.

2、先行词是"

地点名词"

,定语从句可用where引导,where在从句中做状语;

还可用which或that引导,which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。

Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.(作状语)

Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.

Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.

Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituationswhereEnglishisused.

He'

sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'

slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.

Thesmallmountainvillagewherewespentourholidaylastmonthliesinwhat/theplacewhichisnowpartofHubei.

Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.(作宾语)

Nothavingbeentherebefore,hesimplyhadnoideaabouttheplace,whicheveryonesaysisworthvisiting.

※如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,常用where引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。

※“fromwhere”中的where是关系代词,可以引导定语从句。

Shestoodnearthenorthwindow,fromwhereshecouldseethewholegarden.(=throughwhich)

Heclimbeduptothetopofthetemple,fromwherehecouldseenothingbuttrees.

That’stheplacefromwheretheriverbranchesout.

3、先行词是表示原因的名词reason时,可以用why引导定语从句,why在定语从句中作原因状语,可用forwhich替代;

当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。

Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'

tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.(作状语)

Canyoutellmethereasonwhy(=forwhich)youdidn’tfinishyourhomework?

Idon'

tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.(作宾语)

Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?

(作主语)

比较Hewaslate.That'

sbecausehegotuplate.

Hegotuplate.That'

swhyhewaslate.(表语从句)

六、whose引导的定语从句

whose引导定语从句时,其先行词可以指人,也可以指物,当先行词指物时,可以用“the+名词+ofwhich”或者“ofwhichthe+名词”代替“whose+名词”结构。

Hestudiesinaschoolwhosebuildings(=thebuildingsofwhich)arebuiltontopofahill.

七、as作关系代词引导的定语从句

1、引导限制性定语从句。

在主句中常有thesame,so或such与as相呼应,(thesame…as;

thesameas;

such…as…;

so…as)as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、主语补足语等。

as引出的定语从句带有比较意义,从句常常只写出比较部分,但as本身不可省略。

Heusedsuchexpressionsashecouldfindinthetexts.

Theystayedforthenightinthesameroomastheyhadoncerented.

Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.

Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.

Don'

tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.

Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.

※比较:

(1)Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句)

Itissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)

(2)Heissuchapersonaseverybodylikes.

Heissuchapersonthateverybodylikeshim.

(3)ThisissotouchingastoryasIhavereadthreetimes.

ThisissotouchingastorythatIhavereaditthreetimes.

※注意:

在thesame…后也可用that引导定语从句,但含义有所不同。

that引出的从句,指的是与先行词同一的事物,而as引导的从句指的是与先行词同类的事物。

ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.

ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.

Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.

I'

mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.

2、引导非限制性定语从句。

指主句的全部或部分内容。

常译为“正如……”“就像……”等,定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后。

as后常接expect,know,report,expect,pointout,say,see等动词的主、被动语态。

Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'

shealth.(as作宾语)

=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'

shealth.(as作主语)

=It'

sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'

shealth.(主语从句)

或:

Smokingisharmfultoone'

shealth,asweallknow.(as作宾语)

Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'

health.

Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)

Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

Hewasn’tunconscious,ascouldbejudgedfromhiseyes.

as,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:

1)、都可以代整个主句,相当于andthis或andthat.

2)、as从句可放在句首,而which从句不能。

3)、as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;

如果为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.例如:

Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.

八、of短语作为定语从句的先行词的情况

“oneofthe+复数名词”这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词,通常用复数形式,与定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。

但如果“oneofthe+复数名词”这一结构前面带有the/only/theonly之类的限定语,从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式,此时从句在意义上修饰的是theone.例如:

Tomisoneoftheboyswhowerelatethatmorning.汤姆是那天早晨迟到的男生之一。

Tomisthe(only/theonly)oneoftheboyswhowaslatethatmorning.汤姆是那天早上唯一迟到的男生。

HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoDawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.

A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen【2002春上海】

九,被分隔的定语从句

定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词;

但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分,使它与先行词分隔开来,这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句。

一般说来,定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种:

①在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。

Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesun.

②在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。

DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?

③先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。

此时,先行词通常是句子的主语,因定语从句较长,主句谓语较短,为使句子平衡,常将定语从句移至谓语之后。

AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.

十,“介词+关系代词”考点分析

总的说来,选择介词不外乎三条:

一是根据句子意思表达的需要,二是根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配,三是根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配。

1.考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯

(1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配

Thedocumentsforwhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.

Thisisasubjectaboutwhichwemightargueforalongwhile.

IwantedtofindsomeonewithwhomIcoulddiscussbooksandmusic.

注:

有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分,此时它们的位置应注意。

Theboy(whom)mysisterislookingafterisgettingbetter.

不能说成:

Theboyafterwhommysisterislookingisgettingbetter.

(2)看定语从句中形容词或分词与介词的搭配

HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.

2.考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯

这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。

Thisisourclassroom,inthefrontofwhichthereisateacher’sdesk.

I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichshesaidgoodbyetome.

3,考查根据句意确定介词

Tom,bywhomthewindowwasbroken,hasbeencriticizedbyhisteacher.

Iamlookingformyglasses,withoutwhichIcan’twatchTVclearly.

4.考查表示所属关系的ofwhich[whom]

Ontheblackboardtheteacherwroteasentence,themeaningofwhichIdon’tunderstand.

5.考查表示整体与部分关系的ofwhich[whom]

IhavefiveEnglishdictionariesofwhichLongmanDictionaryisthebest.

Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.

Imetthefruit-pickers,severalofwhomwereuniversitystudents.

6.考查表示同位关系的ofwhich[whom]

Hersons,bothofwhomworkabroad,rangherupthismorning.

高考中部分定语从句中“介词+关系代词”结构。

01.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,___B__hefoundajobinabigcompany.(辽宁)

A.afterthatB.afterwhich 

C.afteritD.afterthis

02.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree___B___theycanbe

controlledonpurpose.(重庆)

A.withwhich 

B.to

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