动词不定式的用法及练习题北京四中讲解Word文档格式.docx
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不定式完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词表示的动作之前，如：
Iamsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.
Iamgladtohaveseenyourmother.
不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语
Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.
不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后，如：
It'
snicetohearyourvoice.
（2）作表语
Herwishistobecomeanartist.
（3）作宾语
常用于及物动词:
want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,offer,prefer,begin,start,attempt,decide,determine,expect,promise,pretend,refuse,afford,manage,help等之后，如：
Youshouldcontinuetolearnaslongasyoulive.
注1：
如果作宾语的不定式又有自己的补语，则须用先行词it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式后置，如：
Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.
注2：
不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如:
but,except等后边才行。
此时不定式可以带to或不带to,如：
Inverycoldwinterweatheracold-bloodedanimalhasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.
Therewasnothinglefttodobutcleanthewindows.（前边有do,to省略）
但“疑问词+不定式”结构可以作介词的宾语，如：
Ihavenoideaaboutwhattodonext.
（4）作宾语补足语
通常用于及物动词或动词短语：
want,wish,ask,order,beg,tell,permit,know,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,require,callon,waitfor等之后，如：
Theteacheraskedthestudentstohandintheirhomework.
（5）作定语
不定式作定语时，须放在被它修饰的名词或代词之后。
被修饰的名词或代词往往是不定式的逻辑宾语。
Ihavealotofworktodo.
当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，又可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。
所以如果修饰名词的不定式的动作是主语作的,不定式用主动。
试比较：
Haveyouanythingtosend?
你有什么东西要寄吗？
（不定式tosend的逻辑主语是you）
Haveyouanythingtobesent?
你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？
（不定式tobesent的逻辑主语是已被省略的me或someoneelse）
I'
vegotletterstowrite.
Hehassomethingtosaytoyou.
（6）作状语
作修饰动词的目的状语
Wemustdoeverythingwecantohelpthem.
作修饰动词的结果状语
加强意料不到的语气，在表示结果的不定式前还可加only，如：
Iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.
作修饰表语形容词的状语:
修饰形容词的不定式用主动:
Thechairiscomfortabletositin.
作结果状语或程度状语。
too+形容词（或副词）+todo太-----（以致）不能（做）
Itistoodarkforustoseeanythingintheroom.
形容词（或副词）+enough+todo -------足以（做）
Istheboyoldenoughtogotoschool?
（7）作独立成分
Totellyouthetruth
Tocutalongstoryshort
Tobeginwith（首先）
不定式的复合结构“for+名词（或代词宾语）+todosth.”
这种结构中的for本身无意义，for后的名词或代词（宾格）是不定式的逻辑主语
Thisisforyoutodecide.
句型1：
Itis+forsb.todosth.
句型2：
Itis+ofsb.todosth.
good,kind,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,rude,impolite,careless,naughty等
不定式省去to的情况
（1）当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带to，后面的不定式往往把to省去。
Iwishedtofinishmyhomeworkand（to）getaway.
但是，如果是在对照的场合，则不可以省去“to”，如：
Itisbettertolaughthancry.（wrong）
（2）在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,listento,lookat和使役动词let,make,have的复合宾语中，不定式须省去to。
Iamadoctor.Letmeexamineyou.
（3）在help的复合宾语中，不定式可以带to也可以不带to.
Heoftenhelpsme（to）domyhomework.
（4）hadbetter,hadbest,wouldrather,wouldrather---than,cannotbut,---You'
dbetterremainwhereyouare.
精选练习
Ⅰ、翻译句子
1.________________________________（保卫祖国）isoursacredduty.
2.Itisanhonor__________________________（全心全意为人民服务）.
3.Itwasnotcorrect________________________（那样谈话）.
4.Itwasamistake____________________（不继续这项工作）.
5.Itwasstupid_______________________（我没有采纳你的意见）.
6.Herwishis___________________（当一名科学家）.
7.Ourmaintaskis_________________（努力学习）.
8.Themainpurposeofacamerais______________（照相）.
9.Whatworriesmeis___________________（在会上该说些什么）.
10.WhatIwantedwas_______________________（使这项工作尽快完成）.
11.Iforget___________________________（在信里提那件事了）.
12.WithouthesitationLaoListoppedhistruckandhelped_____________________（把一袋袋的粮食运到安全的地方）.
13.Wouldyoulike___________________________（出席这次会议）.
14.I'
llshowyou____________________________（怎样使用计算器）.
15.Ifound________________________________（不可能使她改变主意）.
16.Thedoctortold_____________________________（病人们好好休息）.
17.Ididn'
texpect______________________________（问题那样复杂）.
18.Didyounotice______________________________（有人离开房子吗）?
19.Manmustmake_______________________________（地球养活更多的人）.
20.Youmustget_________________________________（他今晚到这里来一趟）.
21.Doyouhave__________________________________（什么问题要问）?
22.JohnBairdfound_______________________________（用无线电传送图像的方法）.
23.Thereare______________________________________（很多事情要谈）
24.Heisnot_________________________________（只想自己的人）.
25.It'
stime__________________________________（你起床）.
26.Hewasdelighted____________________________（看见她身体这样好）.
27.Thisbookis_______________________________（不容易懂）.
28.Helikednewclothessomuchthathespentallhistimeandallhismoney________（为了穿得漂亮）.
29.Youmustspeaklouder________________________（以便让大家都听见）.
30.Shewas______________________________（气得说不出一句话来）.
Ⅱ、单项选择
1.Theteachertoldthem________makesomuchnoise.
A.don'
t B.not C.willnot D.notto
2.Ourmasteroftentoldus_______thingsforgranted.
A.nottohave B.nottotake
C.didn'
ttake D.nottomake
3.Tellhim_______thewindow.
A.toshutnot B.nottoshut
C.tonotshut D.notshut
4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.
A.notto B.nottodo C.notdoit D.donotto
5.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter________afterdrinking.
A.nevertodrive B.toneverdrive
C.neverdriving D.neverdrive
6.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A.toeatnot B.eatingnot C.nottoeat D.noteating
7.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.
A.work B.working C.towork D.worked
8.Theywouldnotallowhim________acrosstheenemyline.
A.toriskgoing B.riskingtogo
C.forrisktogo D.riskgoing
9.Isawhim_______outoftheroom.
A.go B.hadgone C.hasgone D.goes
10.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_______upfromchildhood.
A.grow B.grew C.wasgrowing D.togrow
11.I'
veheardhim_______aboutyouoften.
A.spoke B.speaks C.speak
12.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_______,todayhewasmade______byhislittlesister.
A.cry；
tocry B.crying；
crying
C.cry；
cry D.tocry；
cry
13.Hewasmade_________.
A.go B.gone C.going D.togo
14.Johnwasmade_______thetruckforaweekasapunishment.
A.towash B.washing C.wash D.tobewashing
15.Pauldoesn'
thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.
A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning
16.There'
resomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'
tmakeupmymind_______tobuy.
A.what B.which C.how D.where
17.Thereisn'
tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon'
tknow_________.
A.wheretochoose B.whichtochoose
C.tochoosewhat D.tochoosewhich
18.“Haveyoudecidedwhen________?
”
“Yes,tomorrowmorning.”
A.toleave B.tobeleaving
C.willyouleave D.areyouleaving
19.LastsummerItookacourseon________.
A.howtomakedresses B.howdressesbemade
C.howtobemadedresses D.howdressestobemade
20.Hedoesn'
tknow______tostayornot.
A.whether B.if C.either D.ifhewill
21.Shepretended_______mewhenIpassedby.
A.nottosee B.notseeing
C.tonotsee D.havingnotseen
22.---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.
---Oh,Iforgot_______.
A.turningitoff B.turnitoff
C.toturnitoff D.havingturneditoff
23.Weagreed_________herebutsofarshehasn'
tturnedupyet.
A.havingmet B.meeting C.tomeet D.tohavemet
24.LittleJimshouldlove_______tothetheatrethisevening.
A.tobetaken B.totake C.beingtaken D.taking
25.Iwouldlove______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togo B.tohavegone C.going D.havinggone
26.Frankisthekindofpersonwhopeopleliketo________.
A.makefriendwith B.makefriendsof
C.makefriends D.makefriendswith
27.Goon________theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.
A.todo B.doing C.with D.tobedoing
28.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrockbythesideofthepath.
A.tohaverested B.resting C.torest D.rest
29.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident________losehisjob.
A.sonotasto B.soasnotto
C.soastonot D.notsoasto
30.Ineedadayortwo________.
A.tothinkitover B.tothinkover C.ofthinking
31.Hewastooexcited_________.
A.speak B.tospeak C.nottospeak D.speaking
32.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered________thefirstcomputer.
A.toinvent B.inventing
C.tohaveinvented D.havinginvented
33.Hesaidhewouldrathernot_______itrightnow.
A.doing B.todo C.do D.tobedoing
34.Ratherthan_______onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_______abicycle.
A.ride；
ride B.riding；
ride
C.ride；
to
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