提高阅读速度Word格式文档下载.docx

提高阅读速度Word格式文档下载.docx

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1.Trytoavoidfocusingoneveryword,butratherlookatgroupsof2to3words.Forinstance,thissentencecouldbegroupedinthismanner:

forinstance/thissentence/couldbegrouped/inthismanner'

2.Workonvocabularyimprovement.Familiarizeyourselfwithnewwordssoyoudon'

tgetstuckonthemwhenyoureadthemagain.

3.Readmore!

15minutesadayofreadinganaveragesizenovelequals18booksayearatanaveragereadingspeed!

4.Determineyourpurposebeforereading.Ifyouonlyneedmainideas,thenallowyourselftoskimthematerial.Don'

tfeelyoumustreadveryword.

5.Spendafewminutesadayreadingatafasterthancomfortablerate（about2to3timesfasterthanyournormalspeed）.Useyourhandoranindexcardtoguideyoureyesdownthepage.Thentimeyourselfreadingafewpagesatyournormalspeed.You'

llfindthatoftenyournormalreadingspeedwillincreaseafteryourskimmingpractice.

6. 

Ifyouhavepoorconcentrationwhenreading,practicereadingforonly5-10minutesatatimeandgraduallyincreasethistime.

7.Thereareseveralbooksonincreasingreadingspeedavailableinmostbookstores.Ifyouareseriousaboutincreasingyourrateyoumaywanttoworksystematicallythroughoneofthesebooks 

SUGGESTIONSFORIMPROVINGREADINGSPEED

ImprovementofReadingRate

Itissafetosaythatalmostanyonecandoublehisspeedofreadingwhilemaintainingequalorevenhighercomprehension.Inotherwords,anyonecanimprovethespeedwithwhichhegetswhathewantsfromhisreading.

Theaveragecollegestudentreadsbetween250and350wordsperminuteonfictionandnon-technicalmaterials.A"

good"

readingspeedisaround500to700wordsperminute,butsomepeoplecanreadathousandwordsperminuteorevenfasteronthesematerials.Whatmakesthedifference?

Therearethreemainfactorsinvolvedinimprovingreadingspeed:

（1）thedesiretoimprove,

（2）thewillingnesstotrynewtechniquesand（3）themotivationtopractice.:

Learningtoreadrapidlyandwellpresupposesthatyouhavethenecessaryvocabularyandcomprehensionskills.Whenyouhaveadvancedonthereadingcomprehensionmaterialstoalevelatwhichyoucanunderstandcollege-levelmaterials,youwillbereadytospeedreadingpracticeinearnest.

TheRoleofSpeedintheReadingProcess

Understandingtheroleofspeedinthereadingprocessisessential.Researchhasshownacloserelationbetweenspeedandunderstanding.Forexample,incheckingprogresschartsofthousandsofindividualstakingreadingtraining,ithasbeenfoundinmostcasesthatanincreaseinratehasbeenparalleledbyanincreaseincomprehension,andthatwhereratehasgonedown,comprehensionhasalsodecreased.

Althoughthereisatpresentlittlestatisticalevidence,itseemsthatploddingword-by-wordanalysis（orwordreading）inhibitsunderstanding.Thereissomereasontobelievethatthefactorsproducingslowreadingarealsoinvolvedinloweredcomprehension.Mostadultsareabletoincreasetheirrateofreadingconsiderablyandratherquicklywithoutloweringcomprehension.Thesesameindividualsseldomshowanincreaseincomprehensionwhentheyreducetheirrate.Inothercases,comprehensionisactuallybetterathigherratesofspeed.Suchresults,ofcourse,areheavilydependentuponthemethodusedtogaintheincreasedrate.Simplyreadingmorerapidlywithoutactualimprovementinbasicreadinghabitsusuallyresultsinloweredcomprehension.

FactorsthatReduceReadingRate

Someofthefactswhichreducereadingrate:

（a）limitedperceptualspani.e.,word-by-wordreading;

（b）slowperceptualreactiontime,i.e.,slownessofrecognitionandresponsetothematerial;

（c）vocalization,includingtheneedtovocalizeinordertoachievecomprehension;

（d）faultyeyemovements,includinginaccuracyinplacementofthepage,inreturnsweep,inrhythmandregularityofmovement,etc.;

（e）regression,bothhabitualandasassociatedwithhabitsofconcentration;

（f）faultyhabitsofattentionandconcentration,beginningwithsimpleinattentionduringthereadingactandfaultyprocessesofretention;

（g）lackofpracticeinreading,duesimplytothefactthatthepersonhasreadverylittleandhaslimitedreadinginterestssothatverylittlereadingispracticedinthedailyorweeklyschedule;

（h）fearoflosingcomprehension,causingthepersontosuppresshisratedeliberatelyinthefirmbeliefthatcomprehensionisimprovedifhespendsmoretimeontheindividualwords;

（i）habitualslowreading,inwhichthepersoncannotreadfasterbecausehehasalwaysreadslowly,（j）poorevaluationofwhichaspectsareimportantandwhichareunimportant;

and（k）theefforttoremembereverythingratherthantorememberselectively.

Sincetheseconditionsactalsotoreducecomprehensionincreasingthereadingratethrougheliminatingthemislikelytoresultinincreasedcomprehensionaswell.Thisisanentirelydifferentmatterfromsimplyspeedinguptherateofreadingwithoutreferencetotheconditionsresponsiblefortheslowrate.Infact,simplyspeedingtherateespeciallythroughforcedacceleration,mayactuallyresult,andoftendoes,inmakingtherealreadingproblemmoresevere.Inaddition,forcedaccelerationmayevendestroyconfidenceinabilitytoread.Theobvioussolutionthenistoincreaserateasapartofatotalimprovementofthewholereadingprocess.Thisisafunctionofspecialtrainingprogramsinreading.

BasicConditionsforIncreasedReadingRate

Awellplannedprogrampreparesformaximumincreaseinratebyestablishingthenecessaryconditions.Fourbasicconditionsinclude:

1.Haveyoureyeschecked.Beforeembarkingonaspeedreadingprogram,makesurethatanycorrectableeyedefectsyoumayhavearetakencareofbycheckingwithyoureyedoctor.Often,veryslowreadingisrelatedtouncorrectedeyedefects.

2.Eliminatethehabitofpronouncingwordsasyouread.Ifyousoundoutwordsinyourthroatorwhisperthem,youcanreadslightlyonlyasfastasyoucanreadaloud.Youshouldbeabletoreadmostmaterialsatleasttwoorthreetimesfastersilentlythanorally.Ifyouareawareofsoundingor"

hearing"

wordsasyouread,trytoconcentrateonkeywordsandmeaningfulideasasyouforceyourselftoreadfaster.

3.Avoidregressing（rereading）.Theaveragestudentreadingat250wordsperminuteregressesorrereadsabout20timesperpage.Rereadingwordsandphrasesisahabitwhichwillslowyourreadingspeeddowntoasnail'

space.Usually,itisunnecessarytorereadwords,fortheideasyouwantareexplainedandelaboratedmorefullyinlatercontexts.Furthermore,theslowestreaderusuallyregressesmostfrequently.Becausehereadsslowly,hismindhastimetowanderandhisrereadingreflectsbothhisinabilitytoconcentrateandhislackofconfidenceinhiscomprehensionskills.

4.Developawidereye-span.Thiswillhelpyoureadmorethanonewordataglance.Sincewrittenmaterialislessmeaningfulifreadwordbyword,thiswillhelpyoulearntoreadbyphrasesorthoughtunits.

RateAdjustment

Poorresultsareinevitableifthereaderattemptstousethesamerateindiscriminatelyfora-1typesofmaterialandforallreadingpurposes.Hemustlearntoadjusthisratetohispurposeinreadingandtothedifficultyofthematerialheisreading.Thisrangesfromamaximumrateoneasy,familiar,interestingmaterialorinreadingtogatherinformationonaparticularpoint,tominimalrateonmaterialwhichisunfamiliarincontentandlanguagestructureorwhichmustbethoroughlydigested.Theeffectivereaderadjustshisrate;

theineffectivereaderusesthesamerateforalltypesofmaterial.

Rateadjustmentmaybeoveralladjustmenttothearticleasawhole,orinternaladjustmentwithinthearticle.Overalladjustmentestablishesthebasicrateatwhichthetotalarticleisread;

internaladjustmentinvolvesthenecessaryvariationsinrateforeachvariedpartofthematerial.Asananalogy,youplantotakea100-milemountaintrip.Sincethiswillbearelativelyharddrivewithhills,curves,andamountainpass,youdecidetotakethreehoursforthetotaltrip,averagingabout35milesanhour.Thisisyouroverallrateadjustment.However,inactualdrivingyoumayslowdowntonomorethan15milesperhouronsomecurvesandhills,whilespeedingupto50milesperhourormoreonrelativelystraightandlevelsections.Thisisyourinternalrateadjustment.Thereisnosetrate,therefore,whichthegoodreaderfollowsinflexiblyinreadingaparticularselection,eventhoughhehassethimselfanoverallrateforthetotaljob.

Overallrateadjustmentshouldbebasedonyourreadingplan,yourreadingpurpose,andthenatureanddifficultyofthematerial.Thereadingplanitselfshouldspecifythegeneralratetobeused.Thisisbasedonthetotal"

sizeup"

.Itmaybehelpfultoconsiderexamplesofhowpurposecanacttohelpdeterminetheratetobeused.Tounderstandinformation,skimorscanatarapidrate.Todeterminevalueofmaterialortoreadforenjoyment,readrapidlyorslowlyaccordingtoyoufeeling.Toreadanalytically,readatamoderatepacetopermitinterrelatingideas.Thenatureanddifficultyofthematerialrequiresanadjustmentinrateinconformitywith