浙师大行知英国文学史重点Word格式.docx
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HeusedtheEnglishoftheLondondialecttocomposepoetry.首先用伦敦方言写作
Itbecamealiterarylanguage.首创“双韵体”
InhismasterpieceTheCanterburyTales,hefirsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’.
ChaucerintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzasofvarioustypestoEnglishpoem.HelearnedfrombothFrenchandLatinpoetryandthenworkedoutauniquestylefortheEnglishpoetrythathadabsorbednourishments营养fromthemoreadvancedEuropeanpoetryofthetimeandatthesametimereserveditsAnglo-Saxonpoeticfeatures.Hiswritingstyle:
realism,humanity,wisdom,andhumor.
JohnDryden约翰·
德莱顿calledhim“thefatherofEnglishpoetry”.
masterpiece:
<
TheCanterburyTales>
坎特伯雷故事集：
（24stories）
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’（英雄双韵体）bymiddleEnglish
heroiccouplet：
acoupletconsistingoftworhymedlinesofiambicpentameter,andwritteninanelevatedstyle.
ThestoriesaretoldbyagroupofpeopleontheirwaytoandbackfromCanterbury.29Pilgrims朝圣者,Chaucerandhotelownertell124storiestopassthetime.
29位朝圣者+旅店老板+乔叟=31位香客（无帝王家族者）
每人来去各讲两个故事：
共有314=124个故事（作者写完24个逝世）
Ballads民谣
astorytoldinsong,usuallyinfour-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.
Characteristics:
1）Thebeginningisoftenabrupt突然地.
Nointroductionofthecharactersandthebackgroundofthetale
2）Therearestrongdramaticelements.Aballaddealswithasingleepisode插曲
3）thestoryisoftentoldthroughdialogueandaction
4）thethemeisoftentragic悲剧的
5）Theballadmeterisused.Itcontainsfour-linestanza节，段
TheLateMedievalAges
MedievalAges’中世纪popularLiteraryform:
Romance
Romance:
（传奇故事）
AtypeofliteraturethatwaspopularintheMiddleAges,usuallycontainingadventuresandreflectingthespiritofchivalry.骑士精神
Itdescribedthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero,especiallyfortheknight.ThemostpopularthemeemployedwasthelegendofKingArthurandtheroundtableknight.
Famousthree：
KingArthur亚瑟王
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight高文爵士和绿衣骑士
Beowulf
TheRenaissancePeriod文艺复兴时期humanism（人文主义）
Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethan伊丽莎白一世dramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Renaissance:
theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevival复兴ofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
Ithastwofeatures:
athirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliteratureandkeeninterestinactivitiesofhumanity.
ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:
1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology星座
2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion
3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
Themostfamousdramatists:
WilliamShakespeare
6.WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616
HewasamasteroftheEnglishlanguage.Hewrote2poems,37plays,154sonnets.Hisfirstoriginalplaywritteninabout1590wasKingHenryVI.
Shakespearerepresentedthetread脚步ofhistoryingivingvoicetothepeacefuldesiresandaspirationsofthepeople.Hisplaysreflectedthespirit（humanism）ofTheRenaissancePeriod.
Historicalplays:
HenryVI;
HenryIV:
RichardIII;
HenryV；
RichardII；
HenryVIII
FourComedies:
AMidsummerNight’SDream>
仲夏夜之梦;
MerchantOfVenice>
威尼斯商人
AsYouLikeIt>
皆大欢喜;
TwelfthNight>
第十二夜;
③FourTragedies:
Hamlet>
哈姆莱特;
Othello>
奥赛罗;
KingLear>
李尔王;
Macbeth>
麦克白
④ShakespeareSonnet:
154<
TheSonnets>
Threequatrain四行诗andonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg
Asonnet十四行诗isalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameter五步抑扬格restrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme押韵格式.
莎士比亚塑造了性格鲜明的人物形象，展现了封建制度和资本主义制度交替时期波澜壮阔的历史画面，宣扬了人文主义和个性解放。
The17thCentury
theMetaphysicalpoet（玄学派诗人）.JohnDonne约翰•邓恩
例：
酱油般的学者
MetaphysicalPoetry（玄学诗）：
（Subject:
love,religious,thought）
thediction用语issimple,
theimageryisfromtheactual,
theform形式isfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.
采用奇特的意象和别具匠心的比喻，揉细腻的感情与深邃的思辩于一体。
JohnDonne:
theleadingpoetofMetaphysicalschoolofpoetry
1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻
2.syllogism三段论
Meditations沉思录
TheFlea虱子
SongsAndSonnets
HolySonnets
Valediction:
ForbiddingMourning>
《分离：
莫忧伤》
The18thCentury：
同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。
Enlightenment启蒙运动
reason理性（rationality）,equality&
science
TheAgeofEnlightenment:
themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentury,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,
Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion抑制情感andaccuracy
Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised,（especiallyrealisticnovel现实主义小说）——小说崛起
Gothicnovel（哥特式小说）：
mystery,horror,castles
（frommiddleparttotheendofcentury）
1.
AlexanderPope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744
（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。
内容以说教与讽刺为主）
AsarepresentativeoftheEnlightenment，PopewasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland.
Hestronglyadvocatedclassicism,emphasizingthatliteraryworksshouldbejudgedbyclassicalrules:
order,reason,logicandsoon.Andhebelievedthatliteraturehadthepowertoinfluenceandenrichlife,toeducateandcorrectpeople.
Popewasathisbestinsatireandepigram（警句、讽刺短诗）.Buthelackedtheliterarygift.
Using“heroiccouplets”英雄双韵体
AnEssayonCriticism>
批评论
TheRapeoftheLock>
卷发遇劫记
MoralEssays>
道德论
EssayonMan>
人论
TheDunciad>
愚人记
TheageofNeoclassicism新古典主义特点和主张，盛行的年代和代表性的作家
Neoclassicism:
新古典主义TheEnlightenmentbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestinGreekandRomanworks.ThistendencyisknownasNeoclassicism.
TheRomanticPeriod浪漫主义时期Free
Romanticism:
Imagination,emotionandfreedomarecertainlythefocalpointsofromanticism.（人应该是独立自由的个体）
Theparticularcharacteristicsoftheliteratureofromanticisminclude:
subjectivityandanemphasisonindividualism;
freedomfromrules;
solitaryliferatherthenlifeinsociety;
thebeliefsthatimaginationissuperiortoreason;
andloveofandworshipofnature.
Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneous无意识，自发的emotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,
Theromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s<
LyricalBallads>
andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.
TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten简•奥斯丁andWalterScott沃尔特•斯科特（Fatherofhistorynovels）.
“TheLakePoets”：
湖畔诗人（盛行的年代，代表性的作家，以及其文学主张）
ThethreeEnglishromanticpoetswholivedinanddrewinspirationfromtheLakeDistrictatthebeginningofthe19thcenturyandwrotepoemsaboutnature.
Representative:
WilliamWordsworth;
SamuelTaylorColeridge;
RobertSouthey
威廉•华兹华斯塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治骚塞
In1798,thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s<
《抒情歌谣集》markedthebreakwiththeconventionalpoeticaltraditionofthe18thcenturyandthebeginningoftheromanticperiodinEngland.
1.WilliamWordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
Hislovefornatureisboundless.Tohimnaturehasamoralvalueandhasitsphilosophicalsignificance.HebelievestheGodanduniverseareidentical.同一的
Artisticsubject:
natureandcountrylife.
2.
SamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834
Coleridge’schiefcontributionwashismasterpieceTherimeoftheancientmariner古舟子颂
mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,
astrangeterritory
所谓湖畔派简单的说就是他们的诗热衷于描写自然风光，农村生活，而厌恶资本主义社会的城市文明和金钱关系。
华兹华斯将大自然视为灵感的源泉，自然美景能给人力量和愉悦，具有疗效作用，使人的心灵净化和升华，柯勒律治则赋予自然神奇色彩，擅长描绘瑰丽的超自然幻景。
Thedaffodils
byWilliamWordsworth
Iwonderedlonelyasacloud
Thatfloatsonhigho'
ervalesandhills,
WhenallatonceIsawacrowd;
Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;
Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,
Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.
Continuousasthestarsthatshine
Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,
Theystretchedinthenever-endingline
Alongthemarginofabay:
TenthousandsawIataglance,
Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.
Thewavesbesidethemdanced:
butthey
Out-didthesparklingwavesinglee;
Apoetcouldnotbutbegay
Insuchajocundcompany;
Igazed-andgazed-butlittlethought
Whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:
Foroft,whenonmycouchIlie
invacantorinpensivemood,
Theyflashuponthatinwardeye
Whichistheblissofsolitude;
Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,
Anddanceswiththedaffodils.
Poet:
WilliamWordsworth（TheLakePoets）
Forms:
thepoemisasonnet,consistoffoursix-linestanzas
Rhythm:
Hearrangeshispoeminlinesofiambictetrameterinthemainwithalternationofiambictrimeter.
Rhyme:
升级会员 