Book4Unit5 Choose to be alone on purposeWord格式.docx

Book4Unit5 Choose to be alone on purposeWord格式.docx

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2.JohnMilton:

Englishpoet（1608-1674）.MiltonattendedCambridgeUniversityfrom1625to1632,wherehewrotepoemsinLatin,Italian,andEnglish,whichincludedL’AllegroandIlPenseroso,bothpublishedlaterinPoems（1645）.During1632-1638,heengagedinprivatestudy,writingthemasqueComus（1637）andtheextraordinaryelegyLycidas（1638）,andtouredItaly.ConcernedwiththePuritancauseinEngland,hespentmuchof1641-1660pamphleteeringforcivilandreligiouslibertyandservinginOliverCromwell'

sgovernment.Hisbest-knownproseisinthepamphletsAreopagitica（1644）,onfreedomofthepress,andOfEducation（1644）.Helosthissightintheyearof1651,andthereafterdictatedhisworks.Hisdisastrousfirstmarriageendedwithhiswife’sdeathin1652;

twolatermarriagesweremoresuccessful.AftertheRestorationhewasarrestedasanoteddefenderoftheCommonwealth,butwassoonreleased.InParadiseLost（1667）,hisepicmasterpieceontheFallofManwritteninblankverse,heusedhissublime“grandstyle”withsuperbpower;

hischaracterizationofSatanisasupremeachievement.HefurtherexpressedhispurifiedfaithinGodandtheregenerativestrengthoftheindividualsoulinParadiseRegained（1671）,anepicinwhichChristovercomesSatanthetempter,andSamsonAgonistes（1671）,atragedyinwhichtheOldTestamentfigureconquersself-pityanddespairtobecomeGod’schampion.ConsideredsecondonlytoW.ShakespeareinthehistoryofEnglish-languagepoetry,Miltonhadanimmenseinfluenceonlaterliterature;

thoughattackedearlyinthe20thcentury,hehadregainedhisplaceintheWesterncanonbymid-century.

3.WilliamWordsworth:

Englishpoet（1770-1850）.Orphanedat13,WordsworthattendedCambridgeUniv.,butremainedrootlessandvirtuallypennilessuntil1795,whenalegacymadepossibleareunionwithhissisterD.Wordsworth.HebecamefriendswithS.T.Coleridge,withwhomhewroteLyricalBallads（1798）,thecollectionoftenconsideredtohavelaunchedtheEnglishRomanticMovement.Wordsworth’scontributionsinclude“TinternAbbey”andmanylyricscontroversialfortheircommon,everydaylanguage.Around1798hebeganwritingtheepicautobiographicalpoemthatwouldabsorbhimintermittentlyforthenext40years,ThePrelude（1850）.Hissecondversecollection,Poems,inTwoVolumes（1807）,includesmanyoftherestofhisfinestworks,includingOde:

IntimationsofImmortality.Hispoetryisperhapsmostoriginalinitsvisionofthealmostdivinepowerofthecreativeimaginationreforgingthelinksbetweenmanandman,betweenhumankindandthenaturalworld.Themostmemorablepoemsofhismiddleandlateyearswereoftencastinelegiacmode;

fewmatchthebestofhisearlierworks.Bythetimehebecamewidelyappreciatedbythecriticsandthepublic,hispoetryhadlostmostofitsforceandhisradicalpoliticshadyieldedtoconservatism.In1843hebecameEngland’spoetlaureate.HeisregardedasthecentralfigureintheinitiationofEnglishRomanticism.

4.WaldenPondisa31-metre-deep（102 

ft）lakeinConcord,MassachusettsintheUnitedStates.Itis61acres（250,000m2）inareaand1.7miles（2.7 

km）around.Afamousexampleofakettlehole,itwasformedbyretreatingglaciers10,000–12,000yearsago.Thewriter,transcendentalist,andphilosopherHenryDavidThoreaulivedonthenorthernshoreofthepondfortwoyearsstartinginthesummerof1845.HisaccountoftheexperiencewasrecordedinWalden;

or,LifeintheWoods,andmadethepondfamous.ThelandatthatendwasownedbyThoreau'

sfriendandmentor,RalphWaldoEmerson,wholetThoreauuseitforhisexperiment.ConcordMuseumcontainsthebed,chair,anddeskfromThoreau'

scabin.

B.WordsandExpressions

1.bycount:

bycalculatingthenumberofunitsinagroup计数，统计

Synonym:

bycount,bystatistics,

e.g.Byourcountthat’sthefifthcakeyou’veeaten.我们数了一下，这是你吃的第五块蛋糕。

2.ontheotherhand:

usedtoshowtheothersideofanargument另一方面

e.g.Ontheotherhand,yourproposalmightmakemattersevenworse.

另一方面，你的建议可能会使事情更糟。

3.onpurpose:

notbyaccident;

deliberately故意地

Synonym:

intentionally,deliberately

e.g.WasitanaccidentordidDaviddoitonpurpose?

这是意外事故还是戴卫故意所为？

4.castout:

makesomeoneleaveaplace,orrefusetoacceptsomeoneaspartofagroup驱逐

e.g.Truelovecastsoutfear.真正的爱能驱走恐惧。

Theshowisveryamusingandthecastareverygood.

演出妙趣横生，演员的表演也很出彩。

Hismiserablemannercastacloudoverthewholeproceedings.

他痛苦的样子给整个活动投下了阴影。

5.ventureout:

riskgoingsomewherethatmightbedangerousorunpleasant冒险

e.g.I’drathernotventureoutinpouringrainifIdon’thaveto!

如果不是非出去不可，我可不愿冒着倾盆大雨出去。

6.tame:

vt.makesomeoneorsomethingeasytocontrol驯服

e.g.TheAsianelephantcanbetamedandtrained.

亚洲象是可以被驯服和训练的。

Theyneverbecametame;

theywouldrunawayifyouapproachedthem.

它们从来没有被驯服。

你朝它们走去，它们就会逃走。

7.commodity:

n.somethingthatisusefulornecessary必需品

e.g.Timeisthemostvaluablecommoditythatwepossess.

时间是我们拥有的最有价值的东西。

Ifdemandforacommodityincreased,orthesupplyshrank,thenthepricewentup.

如果对一种商品的需求上升，或供应减少，那么价格就上升。

8.setforth:

启程，出发

e.g.Theysetforthontheirhikeimmediatelyafterbreakfast.

他们早饭后马上启程开始徙步旅行。

Inhisprefacethewritersetforthhisreasonsforwritingthebook.

作者在前言中阐述了写这本书的理由。

9.creep:

vi.moveslowlyandquietly潜行，蹑手蹑脚地移动

e.g.Noonenoticedthatthelittleboyhadcreptintotheroomandwassittingthere,listening.

没人注意到这小孩已蹑手蹑脚地走进了房间，坐在那儿听。

10.dictate:

v.saysomethingforsomeoneelsetowritedown口述，口授

dictatev.口述

dictationn.听写

dictatorn.独裁者

dictatoriala.独裁的，傲慢的

dictatorshipn.独裁

E.g.

Theteacherdictatedapassagetotheclass.老师让班上学生听写了一篇文章。

Theyareinnopositiontodictateus.他们没有资格对我们发号施令。

Atthistimenextweek,Iwilldictate20phrasestoyou.Getyourselfreadyforthedictation.Also,asthisunitisaboutCharlieChaplin,Isuggestyouseeseveralmoviesmadebyhim,suchasModernTimes,TheGoldRush,andDictator.

11.humble:

a.havingamodestopinionofoneself;

notproud谦逊的

Antonym:

humble（卑微的、谦恭的）,noble（尊贵的、贵族的）

e.g.Theman’shumblebehaviormadeafavorableimpressiononthejudge.

这人谦恭的举止给法官留下了很好的印象。

Themanagingdirectorbeganinaveryhumblejob.

那位经理一开始从事很低下的职业。

12.stretchout:

lengthensomethingbypulling伸展

e.g.Therubberbandcanbestretchedouttotwiceitslength.这条橡皮筋可被拉长两倍。

Hestretchedhimselfoutonthesofaandfellasleep.他伸展着身躺在沙发上睡着了。

13.fillup:

（causeto）becomecompletelyfull占据

e.g.Researchworkandlecturesfilleduphistime.研究工作以及演讲占满了他的时间。

14.backup:

（causeto）blockup堵塞

e.g.Theheavyrainfallbackedupthesewers.大雨把下水道堵塞了。

Hedoesn’tbackuphisargumentswithfacts.他没有用事实来支持自己的论点。

Makeapointofbackingupyourfilesatregularintervals.一定要定期备份文件。

15.atlength:

foralongtimeandingreatdetail详尽地

e.g.Theyspokeatlength,reviewingtheentireincident.他们谈得很详尽，回顾了整个事件。

Atlengthmyfatherwentintothehouse.我父亲终于走进了那屋子。

16.inline:

inarowofpeoplestandingonebehindtheotherwhilewaitingforsomething成一直线

e.g.Ihadtowait/standinlineforthreehourstogettickets.

为得到这些票，我不得不排了三小时队。

17.afterall:

inspiteofwhathasbeensaid,doneorexpected毕竟

e.g.Thekid,afterall,washisownfleshandblood.Hedeservedasecondchance.

这小孩毕竟是他自己的亲骨肉，他应该得到第二次机会。

18．forthetimebeing:

forashortperiodoftimefromnow,butnotpermanently目前

e.g.Forthetimebeing,however,thedrugisstillinitsexperimentalstages.

不过，目前这药还在试验阶段。

19.mightaswell:

dosthbecauseitseemsbestinthecircumstances,thoughoftenreluctantly只好，还是…为好

e.g.Anyway,you’rehere;

youmightaswellstay.

不管怎样，你已经来了，就不妨呆在这儿吧。

C.PreviewthetextandsearchtheanswerstothequestionsonP112.

D.Questionsfororaldiscussion

1.Whatwouldyoudowhenyouarealone?

2.Doyouliketobealone?

3.Wouldyoufeellonelywhenyouarealone?

II．In-classTasks

II．In-classTasks

A．Runthroughthewordlist

B．Analyzethetext

1.Someofusdivorced,somewidowed,someneveryetcommitted.

commit:

v.承诺，保证（做）;

忠于（某人）

commitv.承诺

commitmentn.承诺，献身，承担义务

committeda.忠诚的，坚定的

e.g.I'

d