语言学单元自测.docx

语言学单元自测.docx

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语言学单元自测

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.　

　　⒈L1developmentandL2developmentseemtoinvolvethesameprocesses.

　　⒉Thecapacitytoacquireone’sfirstlanguageisafundamentalhumantraitthatallhumanbeingsareequallywellpossessedwith.

　　⒊Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirstlanguage.

　　⒋Childrenfollowasimilaracquisitionscheduleofpredictablestagesalongtherouteoflanguagedevelopmentacrosscultures，thoughthereisanidiosyncraticvariationintheamountoftimethattakesindividualstomasterdifferentaspectsofthegrammar.

　　canbesaidtobepredisposedandbiologicallyprogrammedtoacquireatleastonelanguage.

　　languagesareinferior，orsuperior，tootherlanguages.

　　acquisitionisprimarilytheacquisitionofthevocabularyandthemeaningoflanguage.

　　beingsaregeneticallypredeterminedtoacquirelanguage；thisgeneticpredispositionisasufficientconditionforlanguagedevelopment.

　　whogrowupinculturewherecaretakerspeechisabsentacquiretheirnativelanguagemoreslowlythanchildrenwhoareexposedtocaretakerspeech.

　　mothertongueacquisition，normalchildrenarenotnecessarilyequallysuccessful.

　　thevastmajorityofchildren，languagedevelopmentoccursspontaneouslyandrequireslittleconsciousinstructiononthepartofadults.

　　availableevidencetodateindicatesthatanexplicitteachingofcorrectformstoyoungchildrenplaysaminorroleatbest.

　　andreinforcementarenotkeyfactorsinchildlanguagedevelopmentastheywereclaimedtobe.

　　playsatbestaveryminorroleinthechild’smasteryoflanguage.

　　ofchildrenindifferentlanguageareasoftheworldrevealthatthedevelopmentalstagesaresimilar，possiblyuniversal，whateverthenatureoftheinput.

　　child’sbabblingseemstodependonthepresenceofacoustic，auditoryinput.

　　general，thetwo-wordstagebeginsroughlyinthesecondhalfofthechild’sfirstyear.

　　’stwo-wordexpressionsareabsentofsyntacticormorphologicalmarkers.

　　firstacquirethesoundsinalllanguagesoftheworld，nomatterwhatlanguagetheyareexposedto，andinlatestagesacquirethemoredifficultsounds.

　　acquisitionbeginsataboutthesametimeaslateralizationdoesandisnormallycomplete，asfarastheessentialsareconcerned，bythetimethattheprocessoflateralizationcomestoanend.

　　II.Fillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.

　　firstlanguagea____________referstothedevelopmentofafirstornativelanguage.

　　toan__________viewoflanguageacquisition，humansarequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse，justasbirdsarebiologicallypre-wiredtolearnthesongsoftheirspecies.

　　caretakerspeech，alsocalledm______orb______，isthetypeofmodifiedspeechtypicallyaddressedtoyoungchildren.

　　learningtheorysuggestedthatachild’sverbalbehaviorwasconditionedthroughassociationbetweenastimulusandthefollowingresponse.

　　’sone-wordutterancesarealsocalledh__________sentences，becausetheycanbeusedtoexpressaconceptorpredicationthatwouldbeassociatedwithanentiresentenceinadultspeech.

　　earlymultiwordutterancesofchildrenlackinflectionalmorphemesandmostminorlexicalcategories，theyareoftenreferredtoast__________speech.

　　referstothegradualandsubconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.

　　C________Analysiswasfoundedonthebeliefthatitwaspossible，byestablishingthelinguisticdifferencesbetweenthenativeandtargetlanguagesystems，topredictwhatproblemslearnersofaparticularsecondlanguagewouldfaceandthetypesoferrorstheywouldmake.

　　languagethatalearnerconstructsatagivenstageofSLAisknownasi_________.

　　subconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknownaslanguaget___________.

　　inlanguagelearningcanbedefinedintermsofthelearner’soverallgoalororientation.I_________motivationoccurswhenthelearner’sgoalisfunctionalandi________motivationoccurswhenthelearner’sgoalissocial.

　　III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Marktheonethatcanbestcompletethestatement：

　　32.　Infirstlanguageacquisition，imitationplays_________.

A.aminorroleB.asignificantrole

C.abasicroleD.norule

　　33.Linguistshavefoundthatforthevastmajorityofchildren，languagedevelopmentoccurs_____________.

A.withmuchimitationB.withlittleconsciousinstruction

C.withmuchcorrectionfromtheirparentsD.withlittlelinguisticinput

　　34.Thedevelopmentoflinguisticskillsinvolvestheacquisitionof____rulesratherthanthemerememorizationofwordsands