届高考二轮之英语题型专练3阅读理解科教科普类 Word版含答案Word格式文档下载.docx

届高考二轮之英语题型专练3阅读理解科教科普类 Word版含答案Word格式文档下载.docx

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villageduringthefreezingwintermonths.Theexhibitionwasahugesuccess,attractingmanydayvisitors.However,itwasnotuntilagroupof 

adventurous 

soulsarrivedwithsleepingbags,announcingtheir 

intention 

tospendthenightinsidethehouse,thattheideaofthefrozenhotelwasborn.

TheICEHOTELhascomealongwaysinceits 

beginnings.Itcoversanareaofover5,500squaremeters.TheplanningbeginsmonthsearlierinMarchwhenabout5,000tonsoficeareharvestedfromtheriverandtransferredtocoldstorage,wheretheysittillthebeginningofwinter.ConstructionbeginsinearnestinNovember,whenabout100workerscometotheregion.ByDecember,theuniquefrozen 

accommodation 

isreadytoopenforbusiness.

Regardlessofwhethervisitorsselecttheluxurycarvedsuitesorthebasicicerooms,thetemperatureisalwayssettoabone-chilling 

-5°

C!

Thatiswhyguestsareadvisedtoliecloseinside 

warmsleepingbagsandwearglovesandwinterhatsallnight.Notsurprisingly,mostendupspendingjustasinglenightatthisuniquehotelbeforemovingontothe 

conventional,andwarmer,cabinsnearby.

Inadditiontotheuniquerooms,thehotelalsooffersguestsfunactivitieslikesnowshoeing,ordogsledding,andforthosebraveenoughtosufferthroughthebelowfreezingtemperatures—overnight 

wilderness 

camping!

Thehotel’ssinglerestaurantservesfood,whilethedrinksarealwayschilledtoperfectionintheworld-famousICEBAR!

1.WhydidJukkasjä

rviresidentsorganizeanartshowin1989?

A.Toattracttourists.B.Tofollowatradition.

C.Toexciteadventurers.D.Toexperiencecold.

2.HowtodealwithtonsoficeharvestedfromtheriverinMarch?

A.Carvethemroughly.

B.Keepthemwithcoldstorage.

C.Designuniqueforms.

D.Constructthemslowly.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsisnecessaryforthosegoingcampingallnight?

A.Wealth.B.Goodhealth.C.Neardistance.D.Braveness.

4.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ICEHOTEL,aWiseChoice

B.ICEHOTELIsintheArcticCircle

C.ICEHOTELHasaUniqueScenery

D.ICEHOTELOpensforthe29thYear

2、Plantscannotrunorhide,sotheyneedotherstrategiestoavoidbeingeaten.Somecurluptheirleaves,othersproducechemicalstomakethemselvestastebadiftheysenseanimalsdroolingonthem,chewingthemuporlayingeggsonthem—allsignalsofanattack.Newresearchnowshowssomefloracanfeelaplant-eatinganimalwellbeforeitlaunchesanattack,lettingaplantprepareapreemptive（发制人的）defensethatevenworksagainstotherpestspecies.

WhenecologistJohnOrrockoftheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonsprayedsnailslime—aliquidtheanimalsreleaseastheyslidealong—ontosoil,nearbytomatoplantsappearedtonotice.Theyincreasedtheirlevelsofanenzyme（酶）,whichisknowntopreventplant-eatinganimals."

Noneoftheplantswereeveractuallyattacked,"

Orrocksays."

Wejustgavethemcuesthatsuggestedanattackwascoming,andthatwasenoughtocausebigchangesintheirchemistry."

InitiallyOrrockfoundthisdefenseworkedagainstsnails;

inthelateststudy,histeammeasuredtheslimywarning'

simpactonanotherpotentialthreat.Theinvestigatorsfoundthathungrycaterpillars（毛虫）,whichusuallyeattomatoleavesgreedily,hadnoappetiteforthemaftertheplantswereexposedtosnailslimeandactivatedtheirchemicalresistance.Thisnonspecificdefensemaybeastrategythatbenefitstheplantsbyfurtherimprovingtheiroverallpossibilitiesofsurvival,saysOrrock,whoreportedtheresultswithhiscolleaguesinMarchinOecologia.

Thefindingthatasnail'

sapproachcancauseaplantresponsethataffectsadifferentanimalmadeRichardKarbancurious,aplantcommunicationsexpert,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy."

Itissignificantthattheplantsarerespondingbeforebeingdamagedandthatthesecuesarehavingsuchfar-rangingeffects,"

Karbansays.Theresearchwascomprehensive,headds,buthewondershowthetomatoplantsfeltchemicalsinsnailslimethatneveractuallytouchedthem.

"

That'

sthemillion-dollarquestion,"

Orrocksays.Hehopesfutureresearchwillmakeoutthemechanismsthatenableplantstosensetheserelativelydistantcues.

（1）.JohnOrrocksprayedaliquidontosoilneartomatoplantsto_______.

A.makethemgrowbetter

B.givethemawarning

C.keepplant-eatinganimalsaway

D.informplant-eatinganimalsofdanger

（2）.Whyistheexampleof"

caterpillars"

mentionedinParagraph3?

A.Tointroduceanotheranimal.

B.Toconfirmtheresultofthestudy.

C.Toappealtopeopletoprotectanimals.

D.Toanalyzedifferentresistancechemicals.

（3）.WhatdoesRichardKarbanreallywanttoknow?

A.Howtomatoplantsbecomeawareofdanger.

B.Whatthechemicalsinthesnailslimeare.

C.Whethertheresearchisofpracticalvalue.

D.Whatthefindingoftheresearchis.

（4）.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WatchfulPlantsB.GreedyAnimals

C.ASnail'

sApproachD.ADefenseAttack

3、Peopleaskedtoimaginehowfloodingordroughtswouldaffectparticularpeopleorplacesweremorelikelytoengageinenvironmentallyfriendlyactions.Manypeopleviewclimatechangeasadistantthreat.Buthavingthemimaginethetangible（有形的）consequencesofresultingdroughtsorfloodsmayhelpchangethisideaandencouragepro-environmentalbehavior,anewstudysuggests.

Researchersasked93collegestudentstoreadareportontemperatureanomalies（异常）,floodsandotherclimatechange-relatedeventsthathaveaffectedtheisland.Thescientiststhenasked62oftheparticipantstowritedownthreewaysinwhichsuchphenomenamightimpacttheirfuturelives.Halfthepeopleinthatgroupwereinstructedtoimaginesuchsituationsindetail.Theremaining31studentsdidnotcompleteeitherthewritingorimaginingsteps,actingasacontrolgroup.

Alltheparticipantsthenratedtheirideasofclimatechangerisksbyrespondingtoquestionssuchas"

Howlikelydoyouthinkitisthatclimatechangeishavingseriousimpactsontheworld?

"

Theyusedascalefrom1（"

veryunlikely"

）to7（"

verylikely"

）.Theaveragescorewashigheramongsubjectswhohadbeenaskedtoenvisiondetailedsituationsthanamongthosewhohadnot.Theresultswerelaterconfirmedinasecondexperimentinvolving102participants.

Participantsinthefirstexperimentwhohadimaginedtheeffectsofclimatechangeweremorelikelytosaytheywoulduseairconditioninginanenergy-savingmanner.Inthesecondexperiment,nearlytwothirdsofpeopleinthevisualizing（想象）groupsigneduptohelpcleanabeach,comparedwith43percentinthenonvisualizingone.Andwhenofferedachoiceofavegetarian（素食主义的）ornonvegetarianlunchbox,nearlyhalfthevisualizersselectedtheenvironmentallyfriendliermeatlesschoice-comparedwithabout28percentofthenonvisualizers.

Theresearchersdidnottrackpeopletoseeiftheybehaveddifferentlyintheirday-to-daylives-somethingfurtherstudiesshouldexamine,saysstudyco-authorWen-BinChiou.Moreover,theresearch"

shouldbedoneagaininotherplaceswithotherpopulations,"

saysRobertGifford,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofVictoriainBritishColumbia,whowasnotinvolvedinthework. 

Thefindingscouldbeappliedtoraisepublicconcernaboutclimatechange,Chiousays.Forexample,hesuggeststhatnewsreportsaboutthephenomenoncouldincludevividdescriptionsofitseffectsonpeople'

slivesandaskreaderstoimagineexperiencingsuchimpacts.Havingvirtual-realitydemonstrations（展示）inlocalsciencemuseumsoftheconsequencesofclimatechangewouldbeanotherwayofputtingtheresearchintopractice,Chiouadds.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthestudyistrue?

A.Onlyoneexperimentwascarriedoutforthestudy.

B.ProfessorRobertGiffordplayedakeyroleinthestudy.

C.Thecontrolgrouponlycompletedthewritingstepintheexperiment.

D.Participantsaskedtoimaginedetailedeffectsscoredhigherthanthosewhoweren'

t.

2.Futurestudieswillprobablybeaboutwhether______.

A.itistrueofotherpopulationsinotherplaces

B.moremoneywillbedonatedtothepeopleaffectedbyclimatechange-relatedevents

C.peoplechoosevegetarianlunchboxesintheirdailylives

D.climatechangewillcausepeopletothinkaboutjoininginacontrolgroup

3.Toputtheresearchintopractice,Wen-BinChiousuggeststhat______.

A.thegovernmentcallonpeopletolivealow-carbonlife

B.peopleuseairconditioninginanenergy-savingmanner

C.peopleexperiencepossibleeffectsofclimatechangethroughvirtualrealityfacilities

D.newsreportsprovidevividdescriptionsoftheeffectsofclimatechangeonpeople'

slives

4.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat______.

A.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentreactionstoclimatechange

B.differentformsofclimatechangemayaffectpeople'

sideasindifferentways

C.peoplemaychangetheirbehaviorafterthinkingaboutthevividimpactsofclimatechange

D.collegestudentsshowgreatconcernforthepeopleaffectedbyclimatechange

4、Brainhealthiskeytosuccessfulageing,anditinvolvesseveralmentalfunctionsincludingmemory,reasoningandplanning.Memorydefineswhoweare—witho