孙子兵法英汉对照.docx

孙子兵法英汉对照.docx

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孙子兵法英汉对照

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孙子兵法（中英对照）

孙子兵法TheArtofWar

孙武BySunTzu

TranslatedbyLionelGiles

始计第一

LayingPlans

孙子曰：

兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。

SunTzusaid：

TheartofwarisofvitalimportancetotheState.Itisamatteroflifeanddeath，aroadeithertosafetyortoruin.Henceitisasubjectofinquirywhichcanonnoaccountbeneglected.

故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：

一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。

Theartofwar，then，isgovernedbyfiveconstantfactors，tobetakenintoaccountinone'sdeliberations，whenseekingtodeterminetheconditionsobtaininginthefield.

Theseare：

（1）TheMoralLaw；

（2）Heaven；（3）Earth；（4）TheCommander；（5）Methodanddiscipline.

道者，令民于上同意，可与之死，可与之生，而不危也；

TheMoralLawcausesthepeopletobeincompleteaccordwiththeirruler，sothattheywillfollowhimregardlessoftheirlives，undismayedbyanydanger.

天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也；

Heavensignifiesnightandday，coldandheat，timesandseasons.

地者，远近、险易、广狭、死生也；

Earthcomprisesdistances，greatandsmall；dangerandsecurity；opengroundandnarrowpasses；thechancesoflifeanddeath.

将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也；

TheCommanderstandsforthevirtuesofwisdom，sincerely，benevolence，courageandstrictness.

法者，曲制、官道、主用也。

Bymethodanddisciplinearetobeunderstoodthemarshalingofthearmyinitspropersubdivisions，thegraduationsofrankamongtheofficers，themaintenanceofroadsbywhichsuppliesmayreachthearmy，andthecontrolofmilitaryexpenditure.

凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知之者不胜。

Thesefiveheadsshouldbefamiliartoeverygeneral：

hewhoknowsthemwillbevictorious；hewhoknowsthemnotwillfail.

故校之以计，而索其情，曰：

主孰有道？

Therefore，inyourdeliberations，whenseekingtodeterminethemilitaryconditions，letthembemadethebasisofacomparison，inthiswise：

——

将孰有能？

天地孰得？

法令孰行？

兵众孰强？

士卒孰练？

赏罚孰明？

吾以此知胜负矣。

（1）WhichofthetwosovereignsisimbuedwiththeMorallaw？

（2）Whichofthetwogeneralshasmostability？

（3）WithwhomlietheadvantagesderivedfromHeavenandEarth？

（4）Onwhichsideisdisciplinemostrigorouslyenforced？

（5）Whicharmyisstronger？

（6）Onwhichsideareofficersandmenmorehighlytrained？

（7）Inwhicharmyistherethegreaterconstancybothinrewardandpunishment？

BymeansofthesesevenconsiderationsIcanforecastvictoryordefeat.

将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。

Thegeneralthathearkenstomycounselandactsuponit，willconquer：

letsuchaoneberetainedincommand！

Thegeneralthathearkensnottomycounselnoractsuponit，willsufferdefeat：

——letsuchaonebedismissed！

计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。

Whileheadingtheprofitofmycounsel，availyourselfalsoofanyhelpfulcircumstancesoverandbeyondtheordinaryrules.

势者，因利而制权也。

Accordingascircumstancesarefavorable，oneshouldmodifyone'splans.

兵者，诡道也。

Allwarfareisbasedondeception.

故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。

Hence，whenabletoattack，wemustseemunable；whenusingourforces，wemustseeminactive；whenwearenear，wemustmaketheenemybelievewearefaraway；whenfaraway，wemustmakehimbelievewearenear.

利而诱之，乱而取之，

Holdoutbaitstoenticetheenemy.Feigndisorder，andcrushhim.

实而备之，强而避之，

Ifheissecureatallpoints，bepreparedforhim.Ifheisinsuperiorstrength，evadehim.

怒而挠之，卑而骄之，

Ifyouropponentisofcholerictemper，seektoirritatehim.Pretendtobeweak，thathemaygrowarrogant.

佚而劳之，亲而离之，

Ifheistakinghisease，givehimnorest.Ifhisforcesareunited，separatethem.

攻其无备，出其不意。

Attackhimwhereheisunprepared，appearwhereyouarenotexpected.

此兵家之胜，不可先传也。

Thesemilitarydevices，leadingtovictory，mustnotbedivulgedbeforehand.

夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。

多算胜少算，而况于无算乎！

吾以此观之，胜负见矣。

Nowthegeneralwhowinsabattlemakesmanycalculationsinhistemplewherethebattleisfought.Thegeneralwholosesabattlemakesbutfewcalculationsbeforehand.Thusdomanycalculationsleadtovictory，andfewcalculationstodefeat：

howmuchmorenocalculationatall！

ItisbyattentiontothispointthatIcanforeseewhoislikelytowinorlose.

作战第二

II.WagingWar

孙子曰：

凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮。

则内外之费，宾客之用，胶

漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。

SunTzusaid：

Intheoperationsofwar，wherethereareinthefieldathousandswiftchariots，asmanyheavychariots，andahundredthousandmail-cladsoldiers，withprovisionsenoughtocarrythemathousandli，theexpenditureathomeandatthefront，includingentertainmentofguests，smallitemssuchasglueandpaint，andsumsspentonchariotsandarmor，willreachthetotalofathousandouncesofsilverperday.Suchisthecostofraisinganarmyof100，000men.

其用战也，胜久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，

Whenyouengageinactualfighting，ifvictoryislongincoming，thenmen'sweaponswillgrowdullandtheirardorwillbedamped.Ifyoulaysiegetoatown，youwillexhaustyourstrength.

久暴师则国用不足。

Again，ifthecampaignisprotracted，theresourcesoftheStatewillnotbeequaltothestrain.

夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者不能善其后矣。

Now，whenyou