精品学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题新版 新人教版Word格式.docx
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每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Aftertwoyearsofcarefulconsideration,RobertMcCrumhasreachedaconclusiononhisselectionofthe100greatestnovelswritteninEnglish.Takealookatafewinhislist:
ThePilgrim’sProgressbyJohnBanyan(1678)
AstoryofamaninsearchoftruthtoldwiththesimpleclarityandbeautyofBunyan’sprosemakesthisanEnglishclassic.
RobinsonCrusoebyDanielDefoe(1719)
Bytheendofthe19thcentury,nobookinEnglishliteraryhistoryhadenjoyedmoreeditionsandtranslations.Thisworld-famousnovelisacomplexliteraturethatonecannotresist.
Gulliver’sTravelsbyJonathanSwift(1726)
Agreatworkthat’sbeenrepeatedlyprinted,JonathanSwift’sGulliver’sTravelscomesthirdinourlistofthebestnovelswritteninEnglish.
ClarissabySamuelRichardson(1748)
Clarissaisatragicheroine,pressuredbyherdishonorablefamilytomarryawealthymanshedislikes,inthebookthatSamuelJohnsondescribedas‘"
thefirstbookintheworldthatshowstheknowledgeaboutthehumanheart”.
TomJonesbyHenryFielding(1749)
TomJonesisaclassicEnglishnovelthatgetsthespiritofitsageandwhosecharactersarewell-knownsincetheyhavecometorepresentthesocietyatthattime.
EmmabyJaneAusten(1816)
JaneAusten’sEmmaishermostoutstandingwork,mixingthebestpartsofherearlybookswithadeepsenseoffeelings.
TheNarrativeofArthurGordonPymofNantucketbyEdgarAllanPoe(1838)
EdgarAllanPoe’sonlynovel---aclassicadventurestorywithsupernaturalelements---hasfascinatedandinfluencedgenerationsofwriters.
1.WhichEnglishbookhasgotthemosttranslationsbeforethe20thcentury?
A.RobinsonCrusoe.B.Gulliver’sTravels.C.TomJones.D.Emma.
2.WhatdoesSamuelJohnsonthinkwecanlearnaboutfromthebookClarissa?
A.Alovestory.B.Quarrelsinafamily.
C.Thehumanheart.D.Thespiritsofthelime.
3.WhatmakesthecharactersinTomJonesfamous?
A.Theirclassiclifestyles.B.Theirdifferentnationalities.
C.Theirtypicalspiritsoftheage.D.Theirrepresentationofthesociety.
B
HawkingdiedearlyWednesdayathishomeinEnglandattheageof76.Throughouthiscareerasoneoftheworld’smostrecognizablecosmicthinkers,heregularlythrewhimselfintopopculture’scomedicringwithcameos(客串)onprogramssuchasTheSimpsonsandLateNightwithConanO’Brien.
TheseappearancesdefinedHawking’spersonallifeasmushashisuniverse-shakingtheoreticalwork.Humor,however,wasnotjustonesideofhispersonality,butakeytoovercomingthediseasehestruggledagainstsince1963.
“Keepinganactivemindhasbeenvitaltomysurvival,ashasmaintainingasenseofhumor,”Hawkingsaidina2013documentary.“IamprobablybetterknownformyappearancesonTheSimpsonsandonTheBigBangTheorythanIamformyscientificdiscoveries.”
At21,Hawkingwasdiagnosedwithaconditionsimilartoamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(肌萎缩性侧索硬化症),alsoknownasLouGehrig’sdisease.AccordingtotheALSAssociation,“HalfofallpeopleaffectedwithALSliveatmostthreeormoreyearsafterdiagnosis.Twentypercentlivefiveyearsormore;
onlytenpercentwilllivemorethantenyears.”
ThediseasewouldeventuallyshutdownHawking’smotorfunctions,makinghimspeechlessandunabletomovewithoutawheelchair.Doctorsinitiallysaidhewouldbedeadintwoyears.Hiscondition,however,provedtobearareslow-actingversion.
ButHawkingfoughtthroughhisworsephysicalstate,risingtoapositionasacelebratedprofessorofmathematicalattheUniversityofCambridgeandalteringthepopularconceptionofphysicswithhis1988bestseller,ABriefHistoryofTime.
“WhenIturned21,myexpectationswerereducedtozero,”hesaidinaTVshow.Headded,“ItwasimportantthatIcametoappreciatewhatIdidhave.It’salsoimportantnottobecomeangry,nomatterhowdifficultlifeis,becauseyoucanloseallhopeifyoucan’tlaughatyourselfandatlifeingeneral.”
4.WhatwasHawkinglikeaccordingtothetext?
A.Hewaskindandbrave.
B.Hewasfriendlyandadventurous.
C.Hewashumorousandstrong-minded.
D.Hewasshyanduncommunicative.
5.HowdidHawkingdealwithALS?
A.Hedidfurtherresearchintothedisease.
B.Hekeptapositiveattitudetowardshisdisease.
C.Hedidmoreexerciseandspokealotwithothers.
D.Hewenttohospitaltohaveahealthcheckregularly.
6.WhatcanbelearntfromthestoryofHawking?
A.Laughteristhebestmedicine.
B.Losttimeisneverfoundagain.
C.Everythingcomestohimwhowaits.
D.Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.
7.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?
A.ALSisacommondiseaseinEngland.
B.DoctorsonceabandonedtreatmentforHawking.
C.PlayingrolesincomedywasHawking’sfavorite.
D.It’salmostawonderthatHawkingcansurvivethedisease.
C
Ihavebeenwatchingmydaughtersplaysportssincetheywerefour,andhavebeenshockedathowsomeparentsinthecrowdbehave.
Atsoccergames,whenmygirlswereveryyoung,parentswouldbescreamingattheirchildrentogettheirheadsintothegame,tocharge,to“get”anopposingplayer,orto“killit.”Iunderstandparentswanttoencouragetheirchildrenandtheirteam—butatsomepointitbecomestoomuch.
MydaughterGraceisahighschoolandAAU(AssociationofAmericanUniversities)basketballplayerandaverygoodoneatthat.Duringarecentgame,aparentsittingnearmewasshoutingloudlytoherdaughter,standingup,expressingdispleasureaboutthewayherteamwasplayingand,duringhalftime,speakingloudlyaboutherpersonallife.Afterhavingherinmyearformorethanhalfofthegame,IwassoputoffthatIhadtomove.
Admittedly,Iamthequietparentatgames.Iclapfortheschoolgirlswhentheymakewonderfulplays.Forthemostpart,however,Iremainsilent.Shoutingoutmakesthemnervous.
IaskedGracetoweighinonthis,andshetellsme:
“Someparentsbecomeextremelyemotionallyinvestedinsportsgames,whichcanbecomeaproblemfortheplayers.Theworstthingiswhenpeoplepointoutthat‘crazyparent,’andtheydon’tknowthat’syourparent.”
Iamallforparentspectatorscheeringontheirchildrenandtherestoftheteam.ButIhopeyoucancheeryourchildrenoninapositiveway.Shoutingthingslike,“Where’syourhead?
”“Goafterher!
”isnot,inmyview,thewaytocheeronhighschoolstudentsoryoungerchildren.
Ifyouhavenothingpositivetosay,holdyourtongue.Ifyoufindyourselfstrugglingtokeepittogether,getsomefreshairduringhalftime.
8.Unabletostandthemothernearby,theauthor____.
A.toldhertoshutupB.foundanotherseat
C.askedGraceforhelpD.refusedtotalktoher
9.InGrace’sopinion,crazyparentsintheaudiencewillmakeplayersfeel____.
A.helplessB.impatientC.scaredD.ashamed
10.Theauthorisagainstparentspectators____.
A.keepingsilentallthetimeB.sayingunpleasantwords
C.cheeringontheplayersD.leavingduringhalftime
11.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthetext?
A.Parents.B.Teenageplayers.C.Soccerspectators.D.Coaches.
D
Fromthelossofwildlifetorisingsealevels,we’reallwellawareoftheproblemsthatclimatechangecouldcause.
Butwhileitmayseemlikesuchissueswon’taffectmostofusdirectly,itlookslikefuturegenerationscouldgrowupwithoutsomethingthatmanyofusnowtakeforgranted:
chocolate.
AccordingtoanessaypublishedbytheUSNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,changestotheclimateintheregionsthatproducecacao-theplantfromwhichchocolateisproduced-maymeanthatitwillsoonbecomeextinct.
Mostoftheworld’scacaogrowsincountriesclosetotheequator,withoverhalfofitgrowingintheAfricannationsofGhanaandIvoryCoast.
It’spredictedthatby2050,climatechangewillhaveacceleratedtherateatwhichtemperaturesinthesecountriesrise,makingitextremelydifficultforcacaotogrowthere.
Theproblemdoesn’tlieinincreasedheat,however,butinlowerhumidity(湿度),asit’sbelievedthatrainfallwillstayatthesamelevelifthetemperaturerises.
“Inotherwords,ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoilandplants,it’sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtooffsetthemoisture(含水量)loss,”MichonScott,theessay’sauthor,wrote.
Tohelpfightthisproblem,researchersfromBerkeleyUniversityintheUSareworkingonchangingtheDNAofcacaoplantstoallowthemtosurviveindryerconditionsbyusinggeneeditingtechnology,accordingtoUSNews.
Inthemeantime,UScompanyMars,oneoftheworld’sbiggestmanufacturersofchocolateproducts,announcedinJanuarythatitwouldspend$1billiontohelpreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.
“Thisisaworldissue,anditrequireseveryonetoworktogether,”MarsspokespersonBarryParkintoldBusinessInsider.
Themessagehereisthatifwealldoourpart,wemaybeabletopreventsomeoftheworstimpactsofclimatechange.Orifwe’reunlucky,chocolatewillbecomeathingofthepast.
12.Whatcouldmakeithardforcacaotosurvivearoundtheequatorinthefuture?
A.Theincreasedheatthere.B.Thehigherhumiditythere.
C.Thedecreaseinrainfallthere.D.Themoisturelossinthesoilthere.
13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”intheseventhparagraphmean?
A.holdbackB.makeupforC.protectD.accept
14.WhatwillUScompanyMarsdotohelpcacaosurvive?
A.Itwillworkhardtoplantcacaoingreenhouses.
B.Itwillapplygeneeditingtechnologyinplantingcacao.
C.Itwillgivefinancialsupporttohelpfightclimatechange.
D.Itwill