江苏版英语《高考专题辅导》专题检测卷二十七任务型阅读Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Peoplemakevariousattemptstodealwiththeirstress—removingthecauseofthestress,seekingthesupportoffriendsorreinterpretingthesituationtomakeitseemlessunpleasant.RichardLazarusandhiscolleagueshavemadeausefuldistinctionbetweenproblem-focusedandemotion-focusedcopingstrategies(策略).Problem-focusedstrategiesarethoseaimedatdoingsomethingtochangetheproblemcausingthestress.Emotion-focusedstrategiestendtoregulateourdistressingemotionalresponses.
PsychologistsSusanFolkmanandRichardLazarusexaminedundergraduatestudents’copingstrategiesatthreetimeperiods—twodaysbeforeamidtermexamination;
aweeklatertwodaysbeforethegradeswereannounced;
andfivedaysafterthegradeswereposted.Beforetheexam,studentstendedtousesuchproblem-focusedstrategiesasstudying—aguaranteedwaytoreducethepotentialproblems.Aftertheexam,whentheirfatesweresealed,iftheysoughtoutothers,itwasusuallyforemotionalsupport.
Likeotheranimals,humanshavealwaysbeensaferingroups.Besidesphysicalprotection,peopleprovideemotionalsupportthatcanreducethepsychologicalandphysiologicalsymptomsofstress.Alackofsupportcanincreaseoursusceptibilitytoillness.Forinstance,short-termlonelinessisassociatedwithadecreaseinimmuneresponse.Incontrastpeoplewhohavestrongsocialtiesareusuallymoreresistanttodiseases.Forinstance,afterbeingdiagnosedashavingalifethreateningdisease,marriedpeoplearelikelytosurvivelongerthanunmarriedpeople.
Peoplemayprovideappraisalsupport,helpingustoevaluateandclarifyhowseriousaproblemis.Ifaprofessortellsyouthathehadalsofailedhisfirstcollegealgebraexam,theconsequencesofyourfailurewillseemlessdevastating.Otherscanalsoprovideinformationalsupport,givingadviceabouthowtodealwiththeproblem.Finally,friendsandrelativesmaygiveusinstrumentalsupport,providingmaterialgoodsorservicestoovercomethestress.Ifyourfatherlendsyousomemoneywhenyourcarbreaksdown,youcanstoptearingyourhairoutandjustfixit.
(1) makespeople
morestressed
Eventsthatcan’tbe
(2) aremorestressful.
Eventsthatare(3) willmakeanimalsorpeoplemorestressed.
Howto(4) stress
Removethecauseofthestress.
(5) tofriendsforhelp.
Reinterpretthesituation.
Dosomethingtochangetheproblem(6) causesthestress.
Regulateourdistressingemotionalresponses.
Effectsofsocialsupport
Supportandprotectionfromsocietymakepeoplefeelless(7) .
Strongsocialtiesmakepeoplebothphysicallyand
(8) healthy.
Typesofsocialsupport
Appraisalsupport(9) evaluateandclarifyhowseriousaproblemis.
Informationalsupportgivesadviceabouthowtodealwiththeproblem.
Instrumentalsupportprovidesmaterialgoodsorservicestoget(10) thestress.
2
淮安模拟)
Getoverself-consciousness
Evergotstressedoutbecauseyouweren’tsurewhatyou’dsayatthatmorningmeeting?
Worriedaboutwhatyou’dlooklikeaftersqueezingintolastyear’sbathingsuit?
Uneasytospeaktoastrangerinthestreetwhenyouwantedtoasktheway?
Afraidofmakingamistakeinclass?
Alltheseshowthatyouareself-conscious.
Self-consciousness—theactionofeasilyfeelingnervousinpublicbecauseofshyness—keepsusfightingthebattletocontrolourself-image.Butalwaysworryingaboutourshortcomings,unavoidablytrapsusinembarrassmentandshame.Youfeelthatyouarealoserorafailure,unsuccessfulatyourcareerorinyourlife.
Thedifferencebetweenembarrassmentandshameisslightbutsignificant,andthedistinctionisextremelyimportantforbuildingaprotectivecoveringofself-respect.Whenweintroduceoneofourfriendstoacolleagueandforgethisorhername,it’sanembarrassingblowtoourimage,becausewethinkothersareviewingusinanegativelight.Ifthereareenoughembarrassingmoments,webeginviewingourselvesbadly,thenourself-imagebreaksdownandwefeelthatheavyweightofshame.
Creatingastrongsupportofsuccessinourlivesisonewaytoendtheterribletrapofembarrassmentandshame.Successfullycompletingadifficultprojectatworkbuildsconfidenceandleadstofuturesuccess.Similarly,asatisfyingrelationshipisapridefulaccomplishmentandhelpsmotivateustoseekothersuchconnections,andmakeusfeelunembarrassedandunashamedand,evenfeelsuccessful.
Buthowdowetakethatfirstbravestepawayfromself-consciousnessinordertofeellike(andatlastbecome)asuccess?
Killthesituationsthatwillleadtoshamebeforetheybecomeathreat,advisesDavidAllyn,Ph.D.,aHarvard-trainedsocialscientistandvisitingscholaratColumbiaUniversity’sInstituteforSocialandEconomicResearchandPolicy.Hisbook,ICan’tBelieveIJustDidThat,includesafewpointers:
Beontime.Punctualitycreatesself-disciplineandimpressesbothothersandyourself.It’sahealthyhabitthatkeepsyoucalmabouttheclock.
Sticktothefacts.You’reboundtogetcaughtlying,sowhybother?
Liesjustsetyouupwithunnecessaryopportunitiestofeelashamed.
Cutthegossip.Commentsmadebehindyourbackhurtandmakeyouangry,anddon’tforgethowyoufeelaboutthosewhotalkedaboutyou.Don’tgetinvolvedinanymeaninglesstalkwherechancestorealizeadreamoraccomplishanaimmightbemissed.
Keepyourword.Itfeelsgoodtobeconsideredreliable,sohonoryourwordnomatterwhatthereasonsarefordisregardingthem.Remember,apromiseisapromise.
Recovergracefully(优雅地)toavoidthefeelingofshame.Ifthedamageisalreadydoneandyoufindyourselfatthetailendofanembarrassingsituation,youcanstillavoidthatfeelingofshamebyrecoveringgracefully.Don’tattackindefenseorlietocoveryourtracks—you’lljustendupfeelingworseandlikelycomplicatearelationshipthatdoesn’tneedcomplicating.Trylaughingitofforexplainingwhyyoumadethemistake.Also,don’tleaveasocialsituationsimplytoavoidthepeopleyoumadeamishap(小事故;
小错误)infrontof—avoidancewillleaveyoufeelingfurtherashamedandseparatedfromothers.
Remember:
peopletendtoforgetothers’mistakesandworryabouttheirown.
答案解析
1.【解析】What。
此题属于概括性词汇。
本题考查学生对表格右栏信息的概括能力。
表格右栏说明“哪些事件会使人感到更为紧张”。
此题的What从第4题前的How也可得到暗示。
2.【解析】controlled。
此题属于转换词汇中的词形转换。
本题考查学生对文中第一段“uncontrollableeventsareparticularlystressful”的理解和运用。
原文的形容词uncontrollable在此转换成谓语动词can’tbecontrolled。
3.【解析】uncertain。
本题考查学生对文中第二段“Stressismostlycausedbyuncertainevents.”的理解和运用的能力。
此题的Eventsthatareuncertain就是uncertainevents。
4.【解析】handle/approach。
此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。
本题考查学生对文中第三段“dealwiththeirstress”的理解和运用。
此处的dealwith相当于handle/approach。
注意:
solve/settle(解决)不符合文意。
5.【解析】Turn。
本题考查学生对文中第三段“seekingthesupportoffriends”的理解和运用。
“寻求朋友的支持”即“向朋友求助”。
6.【解析】that/which。
此题属于句型转换。
本题考查学生对定语从句与非谓语动词之间的转换能力。
文中第三段是theproblemcausingthestress,此处当然是theproblemthat/whichcausesthestress。
7.【解析】lonely。
本题考查考生对文中第五段“short-termlonelinessisassociatedwith...”的理解和概括的能力,换句话说,来自社会的支持和保护会使人感到不太孤独。
此处用形容词lonely作feel的表语。
8.【解析】mentally/emotionally。
本题考查学生对文中第五段“Besidesphysicalprotection,peopleprovideemotionalsupport”的理解和运用。
原句用形容词emotional修饰名词support,此处用副词emotionally或mentally修饰形容词healthy。
9.【解析】helps。
本题考查学生对文中最后一段“Peoplemayprovideappraisalsupport,helpingustoevaluate”的理解和运用的能力。
在此题中appraisalsupport作主语,故此空填谓语动词helps。
注意主谓一致。
10.【解析】over。
本题考查学生对文中最后一段“providingmaterialgoodsorservicestoovercomethestress”的理解和运用。
overcome可以转换成getover。
1.【解析】public。
此题属于原文词汇。
本题考查学生对文中第三段“Self-consciousness—theactionofeasilyfeelingnervousinpublic.”的信息识别的能力。
2.【解析】lead/contribute。
此题属于转换词汇中的句型转换。
本题考查学生对文中第三段“Butalwaysworryingaboutourshortcomings,unavoidablytrapsusinembarrassmentandshame.”的理解和概括的能力。
此题将trapsusinembarrassmentandshame转换成willlead/contributetoembarrassment。
3.【解析】unsuccessful/fail/lose。
本题考查学生对文中第三段末尾“Youfeelthatyouarealoserorafailure,unsuccessfulatyourcareerorinyourlife.”的理解和运用的能力。
要注意此空所填词的形式。
4.【解析】Ways/How/Methods。
本题考查学生根据表格右栏信息使用概括性词汇的能力。
当然way一词可从原文第五段第一句中找到(oneway)。
5.【解析】Build/Establish/Accomplish。
本题考查学生对文中第五段中“Creatingastrongsupport;
buildsconfidence”等的信息识别能力。
注意表格中本行和下面几行一样都是祈使句,故用动词原形。
6.【解析】punctual。
此题属于转换词汇中的词组或词形转换。
本题考查学生对“Beontime”部分“Beontime.Punctualitycreatesself-disciplineandimpressesbothothersandyourself.”的理解和运用的能力。
Beontime.=Bepunctual。
当然此题也可从Punctuality得到暗示。
7.【解析】meaningful。
此题属于转换词汇中的反义转换。
本题考查学生对文中“Cutthegossip”部分“Don’tgetinvolvedinanymeaninglesstalk”的理解和运用的能力。
此空填meaningless的反义词。
8.【解析】trusted。
本题考查学生对“Keepyourword”中的“Itfeelsgoodtobeconsideredreliable.”的理解和运用。
由