托福写作 2Word文件下载.docx

托福写作 2Word文件下载.docx

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（切题论证，有观点，）

★综合写作忌多

☆综合作文不是语言的综合

--Writingbasedonlisteningandreading

Summarizehowthelisteningcastdoubton/supportthepointsinthereading.

◆Compare+Connect+Conclude

!

高分关键—Clear+Loyal!

★独立写作忌散

☆独立作文是论据的独立

--Writingbasedon（your）knowledgeandexperience

◆discussaroundaspecifictopic

--Position观点+Support支持

高分关键—Specific!

托福写作策略

--wecan&

wecan’t

Ifwedonotthinkclearly,wecannotwriteclearly!

☆托福强化写作的三不原则

不要为了凑字数而写文章！

320—370—400—450

◣不要被字数牵绊

◣添加剂总是troublemaker

◣文字是信息的载体

◣字数不是问题，时间才是关键

！

不要翻译思想！

--写作不是翻译

◣不要陷入先入为主的想法

◣不要太依赖字典

◣英汉未必有一一对应

Sayawordinheart,Ithinkwelcomethechallengeisveryokanddeliciousforboththesinglepersonandtheplanet.

Letmetellyou,Idisagreethisopinionbecauseitisstupidandanyonewithbrainswillturnagainstit.

Itisusefultolettheoldpassaway.

Today,therehasbeenaheateddiscussionwiththeproblemaboutwhohasmoreeffectsonchildren:

friendsorTV.

不要追求真理！

　--写作不必面面俱到

◣表达观点而不是写真理。

◣观点（perspectives）是种角度和姿态。

◣观点不是真理。

◣作文不是免责声明。

滴水不漏才是最大的疏漏

--and/or

Thesuccessfulindividualsorpeoplearethemalesorfemaleswhohaveachievedandaccomplishedorevenhavebeenregardedtogetgreatdeedsorcontributions.Heorshe,inthepastofhistory,inmodernsocietyandinthefutureoftomorrow,was,isorwillbeadmiredorworshipedbyallofusoratleastthemajorityofthepublic….

☆托福独立写作的五要原则

1.题目要分析

◣脱离题目而空谈思路是危险的。

Doyouagreeordisagree:

Therisinguprateofjuveniledelinquencyinmajorcitiesprimarilyresultsfromtheinfluenceofthemedia.

Thebestwayparentscanhelptheirteenagechildrenprepareforfuturelifeistoencouragethemtakingpart-timejobs.

Tip:

在GT写作中，请考虑题设的合理性。

Agreeordisagree:

Acityshoulddestroytheold,historicbuildingsandreplacethemwithmodernbuildings

Eg.

historicbuildings

Buildingvsstructure

⏹TheGreatWall

⏹TheForbiddenCity

⏹TheUffziPalace

⏹TheSummerPalace

⏹ThePyramid

⏹TheTriumpheArch

⏹TheStonehenge

⏹TheStatueofLiberty

2.系统要建立

◣连接词是加强文章系统性的重要手段

#Firstofall,…

#Inaddition,…

#Whatismore,…

#Otherthanthat,…

#Tocarrytheideafurther,…

#Moreover,…

#Nevertheless,…

#Onthecontrary,…

#Bycontrast,…

Heading

Position

Body

1.Firstofall,/Tobeginwith,/Initially,

2.Whatismore,/Inaddition,/Nevertheless,

3.Atlast,/Finally,

Ending

Tosumup,….

3.核心概念要解释

◣用自己的话解释题目中的核心概念是思考的体现。

◣解释/定义可以不专业/有偏差，只要是原创original就好

试试给如下核心概念下定义

—它是什么

#Education

Educationonanylayerservesasanopportunitythroughwhichthehorizonisbroadenedandexpertiseorskillssharpened.

#leader

Leaderonanylayerservesasancatalyst（催化剂）whichcontributestostreamingthecooperationandmaximizingtheefficiency.

Leaderofanytypeservesasagodfather.

Leaderservesasashepherd.

Homework:

请简单定义如下核心概念

#challenge

#media

#friends

#government

#TVprograms

#competition

#theadvanceofscienceandtechnology

4.论证要细节

◣主体论证段（body）内部的基本发展原则是fromgeneraltospecific

*关于internet话题的论证段：

Thereisnopointtoclaimthattheintroductionoftheinternetisharmful.

+

Undermanycircumstances,thepopularizationoftheon-lineservicescontributestoahigherefficiencyinworkandmoreconvenienceinlife.

Tobeexact,asimpleclickcanbringuswhateverweneed,rangingfromthecurrentnews,alivetalkwithapartneracrossthePacificOceantoafreshpizza.

请用2-3个更加具体的词/短语替换下列事物：

#Museum

#PCgames

#collegeeducation

#environmentalprotection

#takingchallenges

#TV

5.文章要完整

◣Ending（总结段）不可不写

（详见篇章规划文档ending部分）

Heading段落规划原则：

------------------无悬念—立场明确

Itisgood,Ithink.Butotherpeoplemaydisagree.Say,sometimesitisgood,sometimesbad.Thatdependsontherealityandpeople’smind.SoitisreallydifficultformetotellyouwhetherIshouldagreeordisagreewiththisopinion.Well,Iwouldliketodiscussmypointofviewfromfollowingparagraphs.

Heading写作四原则

☆Straightforward开门见山

Position=Questionresponse

--cleartendency倾向明确

--有倾向的agree/disagree

☆题目把握—避免跑题

☆Centralize立场核心化

☆Nodetail/Noexample

独立写作行文篇之

------------------HotkeysforHeading

好的开局是成功的一切

★分类—task

☆判断类：

agreeordisagree

Doyouagreeordisagree？

Itisonlyworthwatchingmoviesthatcanteachussomethingaboutreallife.

improvingschoolsisthemostimportantfactorinthesuccessfuldevelopmentofacountry.

Agreeordisagree:

Themostimportantcharacteristicsofagoodpoliticalorbusinessleaderisanabilitytoaccepttheresponsibilityofthemistakes.

workingathomewithacomputerandaphoneisbetterthanworkingatacompany'

soffice　

Doyouagreeordisagree,一个聪明的朋友比一个幽默的朋友重要

Agreeordisagree做富有挑战性的工作比作简单工作更让人觉得快乐。

Doyouagreeordisagree,itisbetterforstudentsatuniversityorincollegetochoosedifficultclasseseveniftheycannotgettopgrades.　

Doyouagreeordisagree?

Itisimportantforfamiliestoregularlyeattheirmealstogether.

Gradesencouragestudentstolearn

Doyouagreeordisagree,technologymakepeople'

slivessimplerinturntomakepeople'

slivesmorecomplicated.

Renewableresourcesofenergy（Sun,wind,water）willsoonreplacefossilsfuelssuchasgases,oil,andcoal.Doyouagreeordisagree?

Tosolvetheproblemspresentandfuture,isitnecessarytounderstandthepast?

thebestwaytotravelisinagroupledbyatourguide.

peoplespendmoretimeonpersonalenjoymentrather

thanwhattheyshoulddo

Doyouagreewiththefollowingstatement:

nowadayspeoplespendtoomuchtimeonpersonalenjoyment--thingstheyliketodo--ratherthanthethingstheyshoulddo.

因为环境问题是复杂的，所以个人没有什么可以做。

itismoreimportanttohavetherulesaboutthetypesof

clothingthatpeopleareallowedtoworkandschool.

你是否同意：

如果每年上课11个月以上，学生会得到更有效的教育。

Agreeordisagree,Technologycausechildrenshowlesscreativethantheywere

inpast.

是应该放更多的钱在accessinternet上，而不是publictransportation同意还是不要?

Doyouagreeordisagree:

Governmentsshouldspendmoremoneyinsupportofarts

thaninsupportofathleticssuchasstate-sponsoredOlympicteams

Doyouthinkchildrenshouldplaycomputergames?

精确方案

@凸显主题

Currently,/Incontemporarysociety,（Today,/Nowadays,）

Asisoftenthecase,

Undermanycircumstances,

Inmanycases,

（！

Asisknowntoall,Thereisnodenyingthefactthat…Itisbeyonddoubtthat…）

Itisevidentthat…+X/theissueofX

+

@islargely/widely/greatlyconcerned.

@iswidelydiscussed.

@issomuchconcernedthatithasarousedawidediscussion.

/受关注而引发讨论

@ismuchconcernedtoapointwhereawidediscussionhasbeenaroused/sparked.

@ismuchconcernedatsuchadegreethatawidediscussionhasbeenaroused.

/讨论多而引发思考

@ismuch/widelydiscussedtoapointwhereadeepcontemplationhasbeenaroused.

Tip:

写作高分素材

*so…that…

Theeconomiccrisiswassodestructivethatover98%ofthecompanieswereattheedgeofbankruptcy.

=subj.+v.+adj./ved.+toa/thepointwhere

Theeconomiccrisiswasdestructivetoapointwhereover98%ofthecompanieswereattheedgeofbankruptcy.

=subj.+v.+adj./ved.+atsuchadegreethat…

Theeconomiccrisiswasdestructiveatsuchadegreethat…

@引述观点

against

⏹Somepeoplemaintain/holdthatitis…that…

⏹Someonearguesthat…

⏹Afewpeopleholdtheopinionthat…

⏹Onepointisthat…

⏹Oneperspectiveisthat…

⏹Oneconventionalidea/acceptance/view/notionisthat…

for

Acommonbeliefisthat…

Aprevailingnotion/acceptanceisthat…

Awidelyacceptedviewisthat…

题目观点引述2不动原则

1.题目核心名词不动

PCgamesChildren

Videogameskids

2.题目中观点的方向不动

@我的立场

Asacoin,everythinghas2sides—thegoodone,andthebadone.

程度+态度

程度

*tolargeextent,…

*atlargedegree,…

*onlargescale,

态度

*Iagreewiththisopinion.

Iamonthesideofthisclaim/assumption/assertion

Istandwiththisclaim.

Iwouldnodinagreementwiththisclaim.

Ileantowardthisclaim.

Iaminfavorofthisclaim.

*Idisagreewiththisopinion.

Iamontheoppositesideofthisclaim.

Istandagainstthisclaim.

Iwouldcastdoubtonthisclaim.

Iwouldfrownonthisclaim.

Tolargeextent,Iamonthesideofthisclaim.

Tolargeextent,Iamontheoppositesideofthisclaim.

全局

Currently,theissueofXismuchconcernedtoapointwhereawidediscussionhasbeenaroused.Somepeoplemaintainthat….Tolargeextent,however,Iamontheoppositesideofthisclaim.

方案2

一分钟快捷法：

Sb.hold/maintainthat…

Ireckon/deemthat…

Somepeoplemaintainthat…Tolargeextent,however,Iwouldcastdoubtonthisclaimandreckonthatitassumesadistortedandnarrowview.

@…andreckonthatitfailstoberepresentative.

@…andreckonthatitwouldbecounterproductive.

@…andreckonthatitistrappedinadogma.

for

Acommonbeliefisthat……,Tolargeextent.Iaminfavorofthisclai