专题八 语篇型填空Word文档格式.docx
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记叙文
题材
咖啡因对人们的影响
外国人到中国不在家里做饭
提高词汇量的方法
在自家花园找到了十多年前丢失的戒指
孩子意外地去参加父亲的演出
名
词
词类
转换
1
根据所给的相关提示词,写出相应的名词
单复
数等
根据句意和上下文,判断所给名词用单数形式还是用复数形式
代
根据所给的相关提示词,写出合适的代词。
主要是人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的相互转换
其他
根据上下文的语境写出合适的代词
冠词
在没有提示词的情况下,根据上下文的逻辑关系选择合适的定冠词、不定冠词
介词、
动词词组
2
1.无提示词,根据语境以及相关的名词或代词,填入一个合适的介词
2.无提示词,根据相关的动词以及语境,填入合适的介词或副词,和前面的动词组成词组
形容词、副词
根据所给的同根词,填上合适的形容词或副词
比较
级等
根据所给的形容词或副词的原级,填上合适的比较级或最高级
谓语动词
根据语境,用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空,或填上合适的情态动词或助动词
非谓语动词
3
用所给动词的合适的非谓语动词形式填空
续表
并列句、复合句
及其他
以自由填空的形式,要求考生根据上下文,填上合适的连接词
分析解读 1.语篇型填空的考查方式是提供一篇200词左右的短文或对话,其中有10个空格,要求考生填入合适的单词。
该设题语法知识点覆盖度广,可以涉及几乎所有的语法知识点,同时语法知识点和文章的句子结合,大大提高了语法的实用效果。
2.文章的难度适中,符合高中学生的阅读水平。
3.考查形式分为给出提示词和不给提示词两种。
①给出提示词的包括:
词性的转换、名词与动词的转换、名词和形容词的转换、形容词与副词的转换等);
形容词比较级与最高级的变化;
名词单复数的变化;
动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词等。
②不给出提示词的包括:
根据上下文的语境填入冠词、连词、代词等。
4.挖空一般比较均匀,所要填空的地方不会影响学生对短文的理解。
5.倒装、强调等特殊句式的考查一般结合在其他的语法项目中进行,很少单独直接考查。
【真题典例】
FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese 1 (dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.Manywesterners 2 cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap 3 canbetoeatout.Istillremember 4 (visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI 5 (shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.
Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto 6 (become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it’snotwithoutacost.Theobviousoneismoney;
eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe 7 (afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.Therecouldbeaneven 8 (high)costonyourhealth.Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein 9 (weigh)problems.
Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shome 10 dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.Cookingfoodcanbefun.Youmightalsobegintonoticetheeffectsnotonlyonyourhealthbutinyourpocket.
第一段通过一个外国友人的事例提出话题:
外国人来中国很少自己做饭。
第二段分析了这种现象的弊端。
第三段指出了改变这种现状的必要性和好处。
解题思路
1.dishes 考查可数名词复数。
句意:
做中国菜被认为是特别麻烦的一件事。
dish为可数名词,且前面无冠词,故此处要使用复数名词。
2.who/that 考查定语从句。
cometoChina是定语从句,修饰先行词westerners,定语从句中缺少主语,且修饰的先行词表示“人”,所以要用关系代词who/that引导。
3.it 考查it用法。
空格处是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式toeatout。
充当形式主语要用it。
4.visiting 考查非谓语动词。
空格处应该是非谓语动词作宾语,根据语境可知此处表达“记得做过某事”,应该用rememberdoingsth.,所以答案为visiting。
5.wasshocked 考查动词的时态和语态。
空格处是句子的谓语,根据语境和learnt可知时态为一般过去时,此处表示“感到震惊的”,故答案为wasshocked。
6.havebecome 考查非谓语动词。
seemtodosth.好像/似乎做某事。
根据语境和句子的时间状语inrecentyears可知,此处应该用不定式的完成式,表达动作已经完成,所以答案为havebecome。
7.affordable 考查形容词。
空格处在句中作表语,表示主语的特征,要用afford的形容词形式,affordable意为:
负担得起的。
8.higher 考查形容词比较级。
这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康方面的代价。
根据设空前的even和语境可知,此处表达比花钱更高的代价,应用high的比较级形式,故填higher。
9.weight 考查名词。
空格处单词是修饰后面的名词的,weightproblems体重问题。
10.for 考查介词用法。
根据语境可知空格处表示“为了”。
应该用介词for表示目的。
过专题
【五年高考】
A组 2018年全国高考题组
Passage1(2018浙江11月)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
TheCaffeineCatch
Caffeine,achemicaltypicallyfoundincoffee,hascausedalotofconcernbecauseitisoneofthefewdrugsthatshowupregularlyinourfoodsupply.Youprobably 1 (use)caffeinesincechildhood.Caffeine 2 (be)inyourfirstCoke.Ifyoueverenjoyedachocolatebar,youatecaffeine.Softdrinksarethemajorsource(来源)ofcaffeineformostchildrenandevensomeadults. 3 (recent),caffeinehasfounditswayintoorange,apple,andotherflavoreddrinks.
Smallamountsofcaffeine—acup 4 twoofcoffeeaday—seemsafeformostpeople.However,somepeoplehavetroublewithevensmallamounts.Onecupofcoffee 5 thelateafternoonoreveningwillcause 6 (they)tostayawakealmostallnight.Largeramountsofcaffeinecancauseaproblem 7 (call)caffeinism.Yougetverynervousandyoucan’tsleep.
Itispossible 8 caffeinemaycausebirthdefects(缺陷)inhumans,too.Onestudyshowedthat 9 (woman)whodrankalotofcoffee,likeeightormorecupsperday,whiletheywerepregnantweremorelikely 10 (have)childrenwithbirthdefects.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案
1.haveused/havebeenusing
2.was
3.Recently
4.or
5.in
6.them
7.called
8.that
9.women
10.tohave
Passage2(2018课标全国Ⅰ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears 1 (long)thannon-runners.Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong 2 (see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof 3 (die)earlybyrunning.
Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit 4 (be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife 5 walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014 6 showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall 7 (cause).
Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it’sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto 8 (strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways 9 (energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive 10 atry.
1.longer
2.tosee
3.dying
4.is
5.than
6.that/which
7.causes
8.strengthen
9.energetic
10.it/running
Passage3(2018课标全国Ⅱ)
DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry 1 (grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover 2 past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.
Atasteformeatis 3 (actual)behindthechange:
Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:
Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice 4 (improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater 5 riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)run-off.Thisswitchhasdecreased 6 (pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.
AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal 7 (globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment 8 (start)asoil-testingprogram 9 givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile 10 (feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.
1.hasgrown
2.the
3.actually
4.toimprove
6.pollution
7.global
8.started
9.that/which
10.feeding
Passage4(2018课标全国Ⅲ)
I’mnotsure 1 ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I’mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat 2 topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe 3 (loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid 4 (look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel 5 (challenge).
MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma 6 (science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching 7 thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.
WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind 8 (they)alive.Truetogorilla’sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal 9 (mean)menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:
“I’mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!
”Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme 10 (stay)andwatch.
1.who
3.loudest
4.looking
5.challenged
6.scientist
7.for
8.them
9.meant
10.tostay
B组 2014—2017年全国高考题组
Passage1(2017浙江6月)
LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall 1 (carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda 2 (shine)object.Yes,therebeneaththeleafytopofonetinycarrotwasherlong-lostweddingring.
Pahlssonscreamed 3 loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“ShethoughtIhadhurt 4 (I),”saysPahlsson.
Sixteenyears 5 (early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring 6 (cook)ameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone.Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix—hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn’t.Pahlssonandherhusband 7 (search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.“Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain,”shesays.Sheneverreplacedit.
Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot 8 (sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden, 9 itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas 10 wonder.
1.carrots
2.shiny/shining
3.so
4.myself
5.earlier
6.tocook
7.searched
8.swept
9.where