研究生入学统一考试英语一试题Word文件下载.docx
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1.[A]grant[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers
2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external
3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment
4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall
5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless
6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for
7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless
8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test
9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success
11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise
12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured
13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged
14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took
15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather
16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced
17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below
18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate
19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard
20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpful
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.
Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswithfeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadesorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&
M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quckierturnroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentreleases,andmoreprofit.Thoselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposal——meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat——andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakingallindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.
Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&
Mtooffera5.95knitminiskirtinallits2300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wage,overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountofharmfulchemicals.
Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumeractivistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durable,andwasteful,”Clineargues,Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear——about64itemsperperson——andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.
TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSKB,who,since2008hasmakeallofherownclothes——andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;
herexample,can’tbeknockedoff.
Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment——includingH&
M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionLine——Clinebelieveslasting-changecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;
peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordtoit.
21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher
[A]poorbargainingskill. [B]insensitivitytofashion.
[C]obsessionwithhighfashion. [D]lackofimagination.
22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto
[A]combatunnecessarywaste. [B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.
[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements. [D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.
23.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto
[A]accusation. [B]enthusiasm. [C]indifference. [D]tolerance.
24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?
[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists. [B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.
[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments. [D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.
25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?
[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle. [B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.
[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry. [D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.
Text2
Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.
Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:
Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?
Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?
InDecember2010America'
sFederalTradeCornmission(FTC)proposedaddinga"
donottrack"
(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'
sInternetExplorerandApple'
sSafaribothofferDNT;
Google'
sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.
OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:
ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.
Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.
AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'
sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'
schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:
"
webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."
Coulditreallybethatsimple?
26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:
[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves [B]lowertheiroperationalcosts
[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers [D]providebetteronlineservices
27.“Theindustry”(Line6,Para.3)refersto:
[A]onlineadvertisers [B]e-commerceconductors
[C]digitalinformationanalysis [D]internetbrowserdevelopers
28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault
[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads [B]failstoaffecttheadindustry
[C]willnotbenefitconsumers[D]goesagainsthumannature
29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?
[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose [B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT
[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers [D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads
30.Theauthor'
sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:
[A]indulgence [B]understanding [C]appreciaction [D]skepticism
Text3
Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.
Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoep