最新考研英语真题英语一阅读部分资料.docx

最新考研英语真题英语一阅读部分资料.docx

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最新考研英语真题英语一阅读部分资料

Text1

①Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006'sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:

elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.②IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.

①Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?

②Hereareafewguesses:

a）certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b）winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c）soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d）noneoftheabove.

①AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”②EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.③Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:

trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.④“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.⑤“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”

①Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.②Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.③Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.④Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.⑤Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.

①Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.②Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.③Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:

thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.④Or,putanotherway,expertperformers—whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming—arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.

21.Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto__________.

[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining

[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsoftheWorldCup

[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance

[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers

22.Theword“mania”（Line4,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans__________.

[A]fun

[B]craze

[C]hysteria

[D]excitement

23.AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory__________.

[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation

[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises

[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors

[D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration

24.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat__________.

[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess

[B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance

[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked

[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture

25.Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?

[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”

[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”

[C]“Practicemakesperfect.”

[D]“Likefather,likeson.”

Text2

①Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”②PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228—thehighestscoreeverrecorded.③IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.④SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe（whoseIQis100）as,What'sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?

Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?

⑤It'snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.

①Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.②Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?

③Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computers