大学英语四级考试模拟试题八Word格式文档下载.docx

大学英语四级考试模拟试题八Word格式文档下载.docx

《大学英语四级考试模拟试题八Word格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学英语四级考试模拟试题八Word格式文档下载.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

　　Forquestions1-7,mark

　　Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

　　Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

　　TheWorldinaGlass:

SixDrinksThatChangedHistory

　　TomStandageurgesdrinkerstosavorthehistoryoftheirfavoritebeveragesalongwiththetaste.

　　TheauthorofAHistoryoftheWorldin6Glasses（Walker&

Company,June2005）,StandagelaudsthelibationsthathavehelpedshapeourworldfromtheStoneAgetothepresentday.

　　"

Theimportantdrinksarestilldrinksthatweenjoytoday,"

saidStandage,atechnologyeditorattheLondon-basedmagazinetheEconomist."

Theyarerelics（纪念物）ofdifferenthistoricalperiodsstillfoundinourkitchens."

　　Takethesix-pack,whosecontentsfirstfizzedatthedawnofcivilization.

　　Beer

　　TheancientSumerians,whobuiltadvancedcity-statesintheareaofpresent-daylraq,beganfermenting（发酵）beerfrombarleyatleast6,000yearsago.

Whenpeoplestartedagriculturethefirstcropstheyproducedwerebarleyorwheat.Youconsumethosecropsasbreadandasbeer,"

Standagenoted."

It’sthedrinkassociatedwiththedawnofcivilization.It’sassimpleasthat."

　　Beerwaspopularwiththemassesfromthebeginning.

Beerwouldhavebeensomethingthatacommonpersoncouldhavehadinthehouseandmadewhenevertheywanted,"

saidLindaBisson,amicrobiologistattheDepartmentofViticultureandEnologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.

Theguyswhobuiltthepyramidswerepaidinbeerandbread,"

Standageadded."

ItwasthedefiningdrinkofEgyptandMesopotamia.Everybodydrankit.Todayit’sthedrinkoftheworkingman,anditwasthenaswell."

　　Wine

　　Winemaybeasoldorolderthanbeer—thoughnoonecanbecertain.

　　Paleolithichumansprobablysampledthefirst"

wine"

asthejuiceofnaturallyfermentedwildgrapes.Butproducingandstoringwineproveddifficultforearlycultures.

Tomakewineyouhavetohavefreshgrapes,"

saidBisson,theUCDavismicrobiologist."

forbeeryoucanjuststoregrainandaddwatertoprocessitatanytime."

　　Makingwinealsodemandedpotterythatcouldpreservethepreciousliquid.

Winemaybeeasiertomake[thanbeer],butit’shardertostore,"

Bissonadded."

Formostancientculturesitwouldhavebeenhardtocatch[fermentinggrapejuice]aswineonitswayto[becoming]vinegar."

　　Suchcaveatsandtheexpenseofproducingwinehelpedthebeveragequicklygainmorecachet（威望）thanbeer.Winewasoriginallyassociatedwithsocialelitesandreligiousactivities.

　　Winesnobberymaybenearlyasoldaswineitself.GreeksandRomansproducedmanygradesofwineforvarioussocialclasses.

　　Thequestforqualitybecameaneconomicengineandlaterdroveculturalexpansion.

Onceyouhadregions[likeGreeceandRome]thatcoulddistinguishthemselvesasmakinggoodstuff,itgavethemaneconomicboost,"

Bissonsaid."

Beerjustwasn’tasspecial."

　　Spirits

　　Hardliquor,particularlybrandyandrum,placated（安抚）sailorsduringthelongseavoyagesoftheAgeofExploration,whenEuropeanpowerspliedtheseasduringthe15th,16th,andearly17thcenturies.

　　RumplayedacrucialpartofthetriangulartradebetweenBritain,Africa,andtheNorthAmericancoloniesthatoncedominatedtheAtlanticeconomy.

　　StandagealsosuggeststhatrummayhavebeenmoreresponsiblethanteafortheindependencemovementinBritain’sAmericancolonies.

DistillingmolassesforrumwasveryimportanttotheNewEnglandeconomy,"

heexplained."

WhentheBritishtriedtotaxmolassesitstruckattheheartoftheeconomy.Theideaof’notaxationwithoutrepresentation’originatedwithmolassesandsugar.Onlyattheenddiditrefertotea."

　　GreatBritain’slongtimesuperiorityatseamayalsooweadebttoitsnavy’sdrinkofrum-basedchoice,grog（掺水烈酒）,whichwasmadeacompulsorybeverageforsailorsinthelate18thcentury.

Theywouldmakegrogwithrum,water,andlemonorlimejuice,"

Standagesaid."

Thisimprovedthetastebutalsoreducedillnessandscurvy.Fleetphysiciansthoughtthatthishaddoubledtheefficiencyofthefleet."

　　Coffee

　　ThestoryofmoderncoffeestartsintheArabianPeninsula,whereroastedbeanswerefirstbrewedaroundA.D.1000.Sometimearoundthe15thcentury,coffeespreadthroughouttheArabworld.

IntheArabworld,coffeeroseasanalternativetoalcohol,andcoffeehousesasalternativestotaverns（酒馆）—bothofwhicharebannedbyIslam,"

Standagesaid.

　　WhencoffeearrivedinEuropeitwassimilarlyhailedasan"

anti-alcohol"

thatwasquitewelcomeduringtheAgeofReasoninthe18thcentury.

JustatthepointwhentheEnlightenmentisgettinggoing,here’sadrinkthatsharpensthemind,"

Thecoffeehouseistheperfectvenue（聚会地点）togettogetherandexchangeideasandinformation.TheFrenchRevolutionstartedinacoffeehouse."

　　Coffeealsofuelledcommerceandhadstronglinkstotheritualsofbusinessthatremaintothepresentday.LloydsofLondonandtheLondonStockExchangewerebothoriginallycoffeehouses.

　　Tea

　　TeabecameadailydrinkinChinaaroundthethirdcenturyA.D.

　　StandagesaysteaplayedaleadingroleintheexpansionofimperialandindustrialmightinGreatBritainmanycenturieslater.Duringthe19thcentury,theEastIndiaCompanyenjoyedamonopolyonteaexportsfromChina.

Englishmenaroundtheworldcoulddrinktea,whethertheywereacolonialadministratorinIndiaoraLondonbusinessman,"

ThesunneversetontheBritishEmpire—whichmeantthatitwasalwaysteatimesomewhere."

　　AstheIndustrialRevolutionof18thand19thcenturiesgainedsteam,teaprovidedsomeofthefuel.Factoryworkersstayedalertduringlong,monotonousshiftsthankstowelcometeabreaks.

　　Thebeveragealsohadunintendedhealthbenefitsforrapidlygrowingurbanareas."

Whenyoustartpackingpeopletogetherincitiesit’shelpfultohaveawater-purificationtechnologyliketea,"

whichwasbrewedwithboilingwater,Standageexplained.

　　Coca-cola

　　In1886pharmacistJohnStithPembertonsoldaboutnineCoca-colasaday.

　　Todayhissoftdrinkisoneoftheworld’smostvaluablebrands-soldinmorecountriesthantheUnitedNationshasmembers.

Itmaybethesecondmostwidelyunderstoodphraseintheworldafter’OK’,"

　　ThedrinkhasbecomeasymboloftheUnitedStates—loveitorhateit.StandagenotesthatEastGermansquicklyreachedforCokeswhentheBerlinWallfell,whileThaiMuslimspoureditoutintothestreetstoshowdisdainfortheU.S.inthedaysleadinguptothe2003invasionofIraq.

Coca-colaencapsulateswhathappenedinthe20thcentury:

theriseofconsumercapitalismandtheemergenceofAmericaasasuperpower,"

It’sglobalizationinabottle."

　　WhileCokemaynotalwaysproduceasmile,asurveybytheEconomistmagazine（Standage’semployer）,suggeststhatthesoftdrink’spresenceisagreatindicatorofhappycitizens.Whencountrieswerepolledforhappiness,asdefinedbyaUnitedNationsindex,highscorescorrelatedwithsalesofCoca-Cola.

It’snotbecause[Coke]makespeoplehappy,butbecause[its]saleshappeninthedynamicfree-marketeconomiesthattendtoproducehappypeople,"

　　1.Thepassagegivesabriefdescriptionofthecontentofanewbook,AHistoryoftheWorldin6Glasses.

　　2.TheancientSumeriansbeganfermentingbeerfrombarleyatleast6,000yearsago.

　　3.Todaybeeristhedrinkoftheworkingman,whichwasnotthecasebefore.

　　4.Greeksprobablysampledthefirst"

asthejuiceofnaturallyfermentedwildgrapes.

　　5.Thecaveatsandtheexpenseofproducingwinehelpeditquicklygainmorecachetthanbeer.

　　6.StandagesuggeststhatteamayhavebeenmoreresponsiblethanrumfortheindependencemovementinBritain’sAmericancolonies.

　　7.CoffeeisthebestdrinkaccordingtoStandage.

　　8.Sometimearoundthe15thcenturycoffeespreadthroughout________.

　　9.Duringthe19thcentury,themonopolyonteaexportsfromChinais________.

10.Coca-Colahasbecomeasymbolof________.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

　　SectionA

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

　　11.[A]Theywanttogodowntown.[C]Hedoesn’tknowwheretoparkthecar.

　　[B]Hewantstogotothepark,butshedoesn’t.[D]Hewantstofindoutwheretheparkis.

　　12.[A]Companyandcustomer.[C]Teacherandstudent’sparent.

　　[B]Repairmanandcustomer.[D]Wifeandhusband.

　　13.[A]Shedidn’tlikeworkinginacompany.[C]Shewasnotgoodatdoingbusiness.