作品作家和重点串讲资料Word格式.docx

作品作家和重点串讲资料Word格式.docx

《作品作家和重点串讲资料Word格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《作品作家和重点串讲资料Word格式.docx（119页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

1.Transcendentalism—itisaphilosophicandliterarymovementthatflourishinNewEngland,asareactionagainstrationalismandCalvinism.Itstressedintuitiveunderstandingofgodwithoutthehelpofthechurch,andadvocatedindependenceofthemind.

2.Emerson’stranscendentalism:

Theover-soul—itisanall-pervadingpowergoodness,fromwhichallthingscomeandofwhichallareapart.Itisasupremerealityofmind,aspiritualunityofallbeingsandareligion.Itisacommunicationbetweenanindividualsoulandtheuniversalover-soul.Andhestronglybelieveinthedivinityandinfinityofmanasanindividual,somancantotallyrelyonhimself.

3.Histowardnature:

Emersonlovesnature.Hisnatureisthegarmentoftheover-soul,symbolicandmoralbound.Natureisnotsomethingpurelyofthematter,butalivewithGod’spresence.Itexerciseahealthyandrestorativeinfluenceonhumanbeings.Childrencanseenaturebetterthanadult.

II.Hawthorne’sPuritanismandhisblackvisionofman:

1.Puritanism—itisthereligiousbeliefofthePuristans,whohadintendedtopurifyandsimplifythereligiousritualofthechurchofEngland.

2.hisblackvisionofman—bytheCalvinisticconceptoforiginalsin,hebelievedthathumanbeingareevilnaturedandsinful,andthissiniseverpresentinhumanheartandwillpassonegenerationtoanother.

3.YoungGoodmanBrown—itshowsthateveryonehassomeevilsecrets.Theinnocentandna&

iuml;

veBrownisconfrontedwiththevisionofhumanevilinoneterriblenight,andthenhebecomesdistrustfulanddoubtful.Brownstandsforeveryone,whoisbornpureandhasnocontactwiththerealworld,andtheprominentpeopleofthevillageandchurch.Theycovertheirsecretsduringdailylives,andundersomecircumstancessuchasthewitch’sSabbath,theybecomewhattheyare.Evenhisclosedwife,Faith,isnoexception.SoBrownisagedinthatnight.

III.ThesymbolismofMelville’sMobby-Dick

1.Thevoyagetocatchthewhitewhaleistheoneofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeofuniverse.

2.ToAhab,thewhaleisanevilcreatureortheagentofanevilforcethatcontroltheuniverse.Astoreaders,thewhaleisasymbolofphysicallimits,orasymbolofnature.Italsocanstandfortheultimatemysteryoftheuniverseandthewallbehindwhichunknownmaliciousthingsarehiding.

IV.WhitmanandhisLeavesofGrass:

1.Theme:

singofthe“en-mass”andtheself/pursuitoflove,happiness,and***uallove/sometimesaboutpolitics（Drumtaps）

2.Whitman’soriginalityfirstinhisuseofthepoeticformfreeverse（i.e.poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme）,bymeansofwhichhebecomesconversationalandcasual.

3.Heusesthefirstpersonpronoun“I”tostressindividualism,andorallanguagetoacquiresympathyfromthecommonreader.

Chaptertwo:

Therealisticperiod

I.ThecharacteranalysisandsocialmeaningofHuckFinninAdventureofHuckleberryFinnbyMarkTwain

HuckisatypicalAmericanboywith“asoundheartandadeformedconscience”.Heappearstobevulgarinlanguageandinmanner,butheishonestanddecentinessence.Hisremarkableraft’sjourneydownontheMississippirivercanberegardedashisprocessofeducationandhiswaytogrowup.Atfirst,hestandsbyslavery,forheclingstotheideathatifheletsgotheslave,hewillbedamnedtogotohell.Andwhenthe“King”sellsJimformoney,HuckdecidestoinformJim’smaster.AfterhethinksofthepastgoodtimewhenJimandheareontheraftwhereJimshowsgreatcareanddeepaffectionforhim,hedecidetorescueJim.AndHuckstillthinksheiswrongwhileheisdoingtherightthing.

Huckisthesonofnatureandasymbolforfreedomandearthlypragmatism.ThroughtheeyeofHuck,theinnocentandreluctantrebel,weseethepre-CivilWarAmericansocietyfullyexposed.Twaincontraststhelifeontheriverandthelifeonthebanks,theinnocenceandtheexperience,thenatureandtheculture,thewildernessandthecivilization.

II.DaisyMillerbyHenryJames

ThenovelisastoryaboutAmericaninnocencedefeatedbythestiff,traditionalvaluesofEurope.JamescondemnstheAmericanfailuretoadoptexpressivemannersintelligentlyandpointoutthefalsebelievingthatagoodheartisreadilyvisibletoall.ThedeathofDaisyresultsfromthemisunderstandingbetweenpeoplewithdifferentculturalbackgrounds.

2.ThecharacteranalysisofDaisy:

SherepresentstypicalAmericangirl,whoisuninformedandwithoutthematureguidance.Ignoranceandparentalindulgencecombinetofosterheassertiveself-confidenceandfiercewillfulness.ShebehavesinthesamedaringnaivewayinEuropeasshedoesathome.Whensomeoneisagainsther,shebecomesmorecontrary.Sheknowsthatshemeansnoharmandisamazedthatanyoneshouldthinkshedoes.ShedoesnotcompromisetotheEuropeanmanners.

3.ThecharacteranalysisofWinterbourne:

HeisaEuropeanizedAmerican,whohaslivetoolonginforeignparts.HeisveryexperienceandhasaproblemunderstandingDaisy.Heendeavorstoputherinsortofformula,i.e.toclassifyher.

III.SisterCarriebyTheodoreDreiser:

TheauthorinventedthesuccessofCarrieandthedownfallofHurstwoodoutofaninevitableandnaturaljudgment,becausethefittestcansurviveinacompetitive,amoralsocietyaccordingtothesocialDarwinism.

2.ThecharacteranalysisofCarrie:

ShefollowstherightdirectiontoapursuitoftheAmericandream,andthecircumstancesandherdesireforabetterlifedirecttothesuccessfulgoal.Butsheisnotcontented,becausewithwealthandfame,shestillfindsherselflonely.Sheisaproductofthesociety,arealizationofthetheoryofthesurvivalofthefittest.

3.ThecharacteranalysisofHurstwood:

Heisanegativeevidenceofthetheoryofthesurvivalofthefittest.Becauseheisstillconventionalandcannotthrowawaythesocialmorals,heisnotfittedtoliveinNewYork.

Chapterthree:

TheModernPeriod

I.EzraPoundandhistheoryofImagism

1.Theprinciples:

a.directtreatmentofthething;

b.touseabsolutelynowordthatdoesnotcontributetothepresentation;

c.tocomposeinthesequenceofthemusical;

d.tousethelanguageofcommonspeechandtheexactword;

e.tocreatenewrhythms;

f.absolutelyfreedominthechoiceofsubject.

2.Imagismistopresentanintellectualandemotionalcomplexinaninstantoftime.Animagisticpoemmustpresenttheobjectexactlythewaythethingisseen.Andthereadercanformtheimageoftheobjectthroughtheprocessofreadingtheabstractandconcretewords.

II.Frostandhispoetryonnature:

Frostisdeeplyinterestedinnatureandinmen’srelationshiptonature.Natureappearsasanexplicatorandamediatorformanandserveasthecenterofreferenceofhisbehavior.PeaceandordercanbefoundinFrost’spoeticalnaturalworld.Withsurfacesimplicityofhispoems,thethematicconcernsarealwayspresentedinrichsymbols.Thereforehisworkresistseasyinterpretation.

III.F.ScottFitzgeraldandhisTheGreatGatsby

GatsbyisAmericanEveryman.Hisextraordinaryenergyandwealthmakehimpursuethedream.HisdeathintheendpointsatthetruthaboutthewitheringoftheAmericanDream.ThespiritualandmoralsterilitythathasresultedfromthewitheredAmericanDreamisfullyrevealedinthearticle.However,althoughheisdefeated,thedreamhasgaveGatsbyadignityandasetofqualities.HishopeandbeliefinthepromiseoffuturemakeshimtheembodimentofthevaluesoftheincorruptibleAmericanDream.

2.ThecharacteranalysisofGatsby:

Gatsbyisgreat,becauseheisdignifiedandennobledbyhisdreamandhismythicvisionoflife.Hehasthedesiretorepeatthepast,thedesireformoney,andthedesireforincarnationofunutterablevisiononthismaterialearth.ForGatsby,Daisyisthesoulofhisdreams.HebelievehecanregainDaisyandromanticallyrebelsoftime.Althoughhehasthewealththatcanmatchwiththeleisuredclass,hedoesnothavetheirmanners.Histragedyliesinhispossessionofanaivesenseandchivalry.

IV.ErnestHemingway’sartisticfeatures:

1.TheHemingwaycodeheroesandgraceunderpressure:

Theyhaveseenthecoldworld,andforonecause,theyboldlyandcourageouslyfacethereality.Theyhasanindestructiblespiritforhisoptimisticviewoflife.Whateveristheresultis,thearereadytolivewithgraceunderpressure.Nomatterhowtragictheendingis,theywillneverbedefeated.Finally,theywillbeprevailbecauseoftheirindestructiblespiritandcourage.

2.Theicebergtechnique:

Hemingwaybelievethatagoodwriterdoesnotneedtorevealeverydetailofacharacteroraction.Theone-eighththeispresentedwillsuggestallothermeaningfuldimensionsofthestory.Thus,Hemingway’slanguageissymbolicandsuggestive.

V.ThecharacteranalysisofEmilyinARoseforEmily:

Emilyisasymbolofoldvalues,standingfortradition,dutyandpastglory.Butsheisalsoavictimtoallthoseshecaresandembrace.ThesourceofEmily’sstrangenessisfromherbornprideandself-esteem,thedomineeringbehaviorofherfatherandthebetrayalofherlover.Barricadedinherhouse,shehasfrozenthepasttoprotectherdreams.Herlifeistragicbecausethedefianceofthecommunity,herrefusaltoacceptthechangeandherextremepridehavepushedhertoabnormalityandinsanity.

English 

Literature

ChapterOne 

TheRenaissancePeriod

I.Shakespeare’ssonnets

1.Withafewexceptions,Shakespearewriteshissonnetsinthepopu