BEC段落写作训练Word格式.docx

BEC段落写作训练Word格式.docx

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总结句指用一句话将某一主旨进行归纳总结或概括，有时还起承上启下的作用。

总结句需要与主题呼应，引发读者对段落主题的进一步认识。

总之，篇章的主题必须统一，内容完整、结构连贯，长度适度。

　　段落的发展

　　段落的扩展对构成一篇文章，展示文章的主题，有着举足轻重的作用。

常用的方式有：

　　1.排列顺序：

既按照内容的主次、时间的先后或位置的先后来进行论证，陈述或解释。

　　常用的词语有：

first／firstly，second／secondly，furthermore，finally，aboveall，firstandmost

　　important，tobegin／startwith，inthesecondplace，moreover，toconclude，next，then，afterwardlastly，intheend，eventually.

　　2.比较和对比：

一般来说，比较包括相同点和相异点。

对比则仅指相异点。

常见的词及词组有：

incomparison（with），likewise，similarly，inthesameway，equally，but，incontrastWith／to，instead，conversely，onthecontrary，in／bycontrast，while，Correspondingly.

　　3.因果和推理：

这种段落发展方式通常用于解释某件事发生的原因和结果。

经常用到的因果关系的动词和动词词组有：

cause，produce，leadto，bringabout，resultfrom，bedueto，haveaneffecton，resultin.

　　因果关系的连接词有：

dueto，thefactthat，forthesimplereason，because（of），sothat，consequently，hence，asaresult，accordingly，therefore，solongas，so，thus，owingto，nowthat，for／as，since.

　　4.举例：

用实例来说明作者的观点是举例段落的发展方式。

采用举例的方式，使文章内容更加充实，更富有内涵。

常用于举例的词和词组有：

suchas，forexample，forinstance，asanillustration，toillustrate，acaseinpoint，asfollows，justas，justas，including，like.

　　短文

　　短文的基本格式为：

开始段，主体段和结论段。

开始段是短文的中心，即主题。

文章的开头段必须把握两个原则：

表明文章的主题使文章的发展有所遵循；

引发读者的兴趣、使他确信值得读下去。

主体段，即文章的发展，是文章的中心的发展，它以文章的开头为线索，准确，具体而充实地论证、说明或分析文章的主题。

主体段须遵循1）文章的发展必须通畅、自然。

2）文章的发展必须联贯统一。

3）文章的发展必须长短适度。

结论段：

同文章的开头和发展一样，文章的结尾也是写作成败的关键。

它起着总结，概括全篇的作用，使主题更加鲜明，结构更加完美。

　　SectionI补充主题句

　　1）__________________，generally，thestandardofeducationishigher.Thisisbecausecollegesanduniversitieshaveup-to-dateequipmentandotherresources.Also，teachersandlecturesarehighly-skilledprofessionalswhoareawareofallthelatestdevelopmentsintheirfieldsofinterest.Afinalpointisthattheoverseasqualificationswhichastudentobtainsarevalidusuallyanywhereintheworld.

　　2）__________________.Theseincludedefensecapabilitiesandsocialsecurity.Privateenterpriseandtheprofitmotiveshouldnotformpartoftheseessentialservices.Ontheotherhand，someservicescouldbeprovidedbyeithergovernmentsorprivategroupsorboth.Educationandhealthcareareexamplesofsuchservices.Agovernmentmustprovideatleastabasiclevelofeducationandhealthcaresoallcitizenscallhaveaccesstothem.

　　3）__________________.EverydaythereareopportunitiestopracticelisteningtoandspeakingwithAustralians.Also，studentscanexperiencetheculturefirst-hand，whichisagreathelpwhentryingtounderstandthelanguage.ThisisespeciallytrueiftheychoosetolivewithAustralians，aspartofahome-stayfamily，forexample.Furthermore，ifstudentsattendalanguageschoolfull-time，theteacherswillbenativespeakers.

　　4）__________________.Josedidnotcompletehismathematicsyesterday.Hespentthefirstfifteenminutesofthehourworkingonthefirstofthetenexaminationproblems.Hespentotherminutesdoodlingonhistestpaper.

　　5）__________________.Oneexampleistheword“graft.”Theverbtograftfirstmeantmerelytowork.Englishpeopleonceusedthewordinsuchexpressionsas“Whereareyougrafting？

”，meaning“Whereareyouworking？

”。

Fromthisperfectlyrespectablemeaning，thewordhasgraduallychanged.Todaygraftreferstoillegalgainswonbydishonestpoliticians.

　　SectionII重组下面的段落

　　6.CertainlyTVcanbeapowerfuleducationaltool.Peoplecanlearnaboutsituationsandproblemsfaraway，andbegintounderstanddifferentcultures.Manyinformativedocumentariesaboutnature，news，andsocialissuesaremadenow，andthesecanstimulatepeopletoaction.Peopleinisolatedareascanknowforthemselveswhatishappeningintheworld.Thisgivesthemthepowertomaketheirowndecisionsandformtheirownopinions.

　　7.Inmyopinion，televisionisthemostimportanttechnologicaldevelopment.NowadaysalmosteveryoneintheworldhasaccesstoTV.Televisionhascausedsignificantchangesinfamilylifeandeducation.Someofthesechangeshavebeenpositivewhileothershavebeennegative.

　　8.However，thechangeshavenotallbeenpositive.Beforetelevisionwaswidelyavailable，familiesspentmoretimetogethertalkingandplayinggames.Theyseemedmuchclosertoeachotherthanmodemfamilies.

　　9.Tosumup，Ifeelthat，overall，therearestrongpositiveeffectsofTVintermsofitseducationrole，butithasinmaywaysalteredpeopleandfamiliesinanegativesense.

　　10.Also，thefactisthatpeoplewastealotoftimewatchingpoorqualityprogramswhichdonothaveapositiveinfluence.Peoplegetabadimpressionoftherealworldfromsuchprograms.Furthermore，TVissometimesusedtodeliberatelymisinformpeople；

forexamplewhenitisusedtoasapropagandatoolbygovernments.

SectionIV用启、承、转，合词填空

　　Text1

　　Teachersofforeignlanguagesshouldbeextremelywell-qualifiedinordertocarryouttheirdutiesproperly.15）______，ateachershouldpossessaminimumofagraduatedegreefromacertifiededucationschoolorinstituteifheistoteachhighschoolorbelow.Besidestheacademicdegree，teachersshouldnotconsiderteachingonlyasanoccupationforearningmoney；

theyshouldalsobeinterestedinteaching.Itwas16）______necessarythatteachersbeknowledgeableintheirmajorfields，17）______theyshouldfurthermorebeskillfulaswell.18）______thelanguageteachermustknowthetargetlanguagewellenoughtobeimitatedbyhisstudents.Ateachershould19）______knowthelinguisticfactsofthelanguageofthestudentsinordertounderstandproblemstheywillhaveinlearningthetargetlanguage，20）______theteachermustbefamiliarwithaudio-lingualtechniques.Knowingallthiswillhelpthestudentstolearncorrectlyandquickly.

　　Text2

　　21）______studyingtoomuchmaybeharmfultostudents.22）______，manyteachersexpecttheirstudentstodomoreworkthantheycanhandle.23）______，parentsdonotrealizethatpressuringtheirchildrentostudyhardthancalledforcaninjuretheirchildren‘shealth.24）______mostparentsknowwhatgrowingboysandgirlsneedrelaxationaswellasexercise，25）______manystudentshavenochoicebuttoburnthecandleatthebothendsinordertogetgoodgradesandpleasetheirparents，butaphysicallyweakerorsociallydeprivedchildmaynotbeabletokeepupwithsuchahurriedpace.Accordingly，thispressuretostudyinexcessofwhatisrequired.

　　1）UniversityStudentsLikeReadingNewspapersinEnglish

　　DearEditor：

　　IamastudentatRenminUniversityofChinainBeijing.Asaregularwhogoestotheuniversitylibrary‘snewspaperroom，IhavediscoveredthatmanystudentslikereadingnewspaperinEnglish，especiallyChinaDaily.

　　ThereasonthatChinaDailyispopularamongstudentsisnotdifficulttoexplain.AmajorcharacteristicofChinaDailyistheconcisenessofitsarticles.Mostofthearticlesarebrief，clearlywrittenandinformative.Manystudentsarebusywiththeirstudiesanddon‘thavemuchsparetime.However，byreadingChinaDaily，readerscangetup-to-datenewsaboutChinaandtheworldandenhancetheirreadingcapabilitiesatthesametimeand，moreimportantly，itdoesn’tcostthemalotoftime.Inthissense，ChinaDailyisprovidingasortof“fast-food”toitsreaders.Furthermore，ChinaDailyalsohelpsitsreadersimprovetheirwritingskills.ForthosestudentswhofindEnglishcompositionsdifficult，articlesonChinaDailyserveasperfectexamples.

　ManyfellowstudentstoldmethattheyhadlearnedalotfromChinaDailyaboutChinaandtheworld.AsaresulttheyalsoimprovedtheirreadingandwritingandgothighmarksinEnglishexams.

　　YoursSincerely，

　　LinWeiying

　　2）China‘sMostFamousSymbolinNeedOfHelp

　　Yearsago，walkingtheGreatWallintheBeijingregionwaslikenootherexperienceinChina.Itwaspeaceful；

therewerenocokecansormineralwaterbottlestospoiltheview——itwasquitesimplytheworld‘smostspectacularopenairmuseum.

　　Howthingshavechanged！

Therearenowcansandbottles，andsometimesmuchworse.WhileIusedtospendmostofrecreationaltimeclimbingtheGreatWall，Ihavefoundmyselfspendinganincreasingamountoftimecleaningupthewall.Inthelast18monthsIhaveorganizedfourGreatWallclean-upactivities，mobilizingaround350peopletocollectgarbage.Iaskmyself，whyistheGreatWallbecomingsuchadump？

　　Litterwasnotaproblematinthe1980s，becausepackagersoffoodsanddrinksusedtraditionalmaterialsthatwerebiodegradableorreturnable.Now，asthemarketeconomyhasexpanded，consumptionhasboomed.Ineverydaylife，plasticbottles，metalcans，foilsandcellophanearewidelyusedasdisposablepackagingmaterials.Increasedmobilityastheresultofmushroomingprivatecarownershiphasalsofueledthewidespreaduseandabuseofdisposablepackaging.

　　Viewingthisserpentofstonesnakingacrossthemountainsnorth0fBeijing，IknowthattheGreatWallistheNo1wonderoftheworld，apreciousanduniqueculturalrelic，afragilewilderness.TheGreatWallisindangerofbecomingjustasymbol，despoiledinreality.IhopethatmorepeoplecanstarttoshowtheirlovefortheGreatWallinaction.

　　3）WealthandHappiness

　　Wealthhasalwaysbeenwhatsomepeoplelongfor.Itistruethatmostofthemtrytoacquirewealthbymeansofhonestlabor.Theireffortscontributetothewelfareofthesocietyandatthesametimetotheaccumulationoftheirwealth，andhencetotheirhappiness.

　　Thereisnodoubtthatwealthbringshappiness，especiallyinthemodernsociety.Variouskindsofup-to-datehouseholdappliances，latestfashionsandrecreationsmaketheirappearancewitheachpassingd