《新编跨文化交际英语教程》复习资料U9.docx
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《新编跨文化交际英语教程》复习资料U9
Unit9InterculturalAdaptation
SomeIdeasRelatedtoCultureShockandAdaptationStrategies
1.CultureShock
WhatiscultureshockCultureshockisacommonexperienceofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.Itreferstophenomenarangingfrommildirritabilitytodeeppsychologicalpanicandcrisis.Itisassociatedwithfeelingsinthepersonofestrangement(beingunfriendlyorhostiletoothers;alienation),anger,hostility,indecision,frustration,unhappiness,sadness,loneliness,homesickness,andevenphysicalillness.Thepersonundergoingcultureshockviewshisnewworldoutofresentment,andalternatesbetweenbeingangryatothersfornotunderstandinghimandbeingfilledwithself-pity.
Cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallourfamiliarsignsandsymbolsorsocialcontact.Thosecuesorsighsincludevariouswaysinwhichweadaptourselvestothesituationofdailylife:
Whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenwemeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtobuythings,whentoacceptandwhentorefuseinvitations,whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.Thesecues,whichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,orcustoms,areacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandareasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsofthesecues,mostofwhichwedonotcarryonthelevelofconsciousawareness.
Nowwhenanindividualentersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarcuesareremoved.Heorsheislikefishoutofwater.EdwardHalldescribesahypotheticalexampleofanAmericanlivingabroadforthefirsttime—atfirst,thingsinthecitieslookprettymuchalike.Therearetaxis,hotelswithhotandcoldrunningwater,theatres,neonlights,eventallbuildingswithelevatorsandafewpeoplewhocanspeakEnglish.ButprettysoontheAmericandiscoversthatunderneaththefamiliarexteriortherearevastdifferences.Whensomeonesays“yes”itoftendoesn’tmeanyesatall,andwhenpeoplesmileitdoesn’talwaysmeantheyarepleased.
WhentheAmericanvisitormakesahelpfulgesturehemayberebuffed;whenhetriestobefriendlynothinghappens.Peopletellhimthattheywilldothingsanddon’t.Thelongerhestays,themoreenigmatic(puzzling)thenewcountrylooks.
2.Possiblesignsofcultureshock
Thefollowingsentencesdescribedifferentstagesofcultureshock.
a.Thepersonholdsahostileandaggressiveattitudetowardthehostcountry.
b.Thepersonbeginstoopenthewayintothenewculturalenvironment.
c.Thepersonnowacceptsthecustomsofthecountryasjustanotherwayofliving.
d.Thepersonisfascinatedbythenewenvironment.
3.Suggestionsfoundtobehelpfulinfightingcultureshock
1)Recognizethatyouareexperiencingcultureshock,andyourreactionsarenotfromsomeothersource.Rememberthatmanyothershavehadthesameexperience,andthatitisnormal.Understandthatyourfeelingsarepartofaresponsetolearningabouttheothercultureandconsideritapositivesign.
2)Giveyourselfpermissiontotemporarilyindulgethesymptom:
ifyouaresleepy,sleep.
3)Findotherfromyourcultureandspendtimetogethertalkingabouthome,eating,sharingexperiences.
4)Helpsomeonefromyourhomeculturewhohasrecentlyarrived.Youwillbesurprisedathowmuchyou’velearned.
5)Communicatewithfamilyandfriends.Writelettersorcall.Rememberthatthoseathomemightnotrealizethatcultureshockisanormalexperience.Letthemknowitisatemporaryphaseofadjustingtolifeinadifferentculture.
6)Becomeanexpertonsomeaspectoftheotherculture.Choosesomethingyoulike,andlearnmoreaboutpeopleinthehostculture.
7)Maintainyoursenseofhumor.Laughatthemistakesyoumake;theyareusuallynotserious.
8)Keepbusy.Gettoknowtheareawhereyoulivebywalkingaroundandobserving.Sayhellotoaneighborintheplaceyoulive,andperhapsstartafriendship.
9)Becomefriendlywithclassmates.Spendsomeout-of-schooltimetogether.
10)Dosomethingyouenjoy.Contactarelativeoracquaintancewhoseaddressyoumayhave.Browsethroughdepartmentstores.Visitamuseum.Walkthroughanewareaoftown.Seeaplayorgotoamovie.
11)ForgetthatyourEnglishislessthanperfect,andfeelfree“toask”peopleforinformation,guidance,ordirections.Manypeoplearefriendly,andhelpful.Itisimportantnottodwellonnegativeincidents.Disappointmentsaresimplyafactoflife.
12)Beflexible.Makeupyourmindthatyouaregoingtoenjoyyournewadventure.
4.Twoviewsofcultureshock
Twoviewsofcultureshock
1)Thediseaseview
Theculture-shockedpersonexperiencesabreakdownincommunication,isunabletocope,andfeelsisolatedandlos