定语从句讲解及练习.docx
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定语从句讲解及练习
定语从句
（一）定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：
A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句
1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person （ whom ） you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
Li Ming is just the boy （ whom ） I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。
注意：
关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。
The man （ whom / who ）you met just now is my old friend.
3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。
He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。
4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?
我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。
5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。
注意：
指物时，常用下列结构来代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
The school （which / that） he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine （which / that） you asked for.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。
注意：
１． 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
如：
look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch （which / that） I am looking for. （正） 这是我正在找的手表。
This is the watch for which I am looking . （误）
The babies （whom / who / that） the nurse is looking after are very healthy. （正） 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）
２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。
关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. （正） 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。
The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. （误）
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. （正）我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. （误）
３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。
如：
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有４０个学生，大多数来自大城市。
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了１０部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。
词＋关系代词引导的定语从句特例
1）......，...of+关系代词。
2）which代替this/that/the
（四）关系副词引导的定语从句
1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。
October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。
3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。
注意：
关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。
如：
From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。
Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。
The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。
（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式上
不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上
是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上
译成先行词的定语：
“．．．的”
通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上
A．作宾语时可省略
A．不可省略
B．可用that
B．不用that
C．可用who 代替whom
C．不可用who 代替whom
限制性定语从句举例：
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依*的人。
China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
非限制性定
升级会员 