英国文学笔记Word下载.docx

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英国文学笔记Word下载.docx

JohnKeats(1795-1821)

6.EnglishRealism(1830s-1918)(现实主义时期文学)/VictorianAge(1832—1901)

RobertBrowning(1821—1889)

AlfredTennyson(1809—1892)

JaneAusten(1775—1817)

TheBronteSisters

CharlesDickens(1812—1870)

WilliamMakepeaceThackeray(1811—1863)

ThomasHardy(1840—1928)

JosephConrad(1857—1924)

OscarWilde(1854-1900)

GeorgeBernardShaw(1856-1950)

7.Modernism(1918-1945)(现代主义文学)

T.S.Eliot(1888—1965)

WilliamButlerYeats(1865—1939)

JamesJoyce(1882—1941)

VirginiaWoolf(1882—1941)

D.H.Lawrence(1885—1930)

Beowulf《贝奥武夫》:

thenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople.

romance(浪漫传奇):

themostprevailingkindofliteratureinfeudalEngland

Theme:

loyaltytokingandlord

KingArthurandhisknightsoftheRoundTable《亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士》

SirGawainandtheGreenKnight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》

 

★GeoffreyChaucer(1340--1400)

LiteraryPosition:

ThefatherofEnglishpoetry

Masterpiece:

TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》(OldEnglish)

LiteraryAchievements:

Heroiccouplet(英雄双韵体)

Theword“Renaissance”meansrevival(复活).Thetermoriginallyindicatesarevivalofclassical(GreekandRoman)artsandsciencesafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism(蒙昧主义).

Humanism:

theessenceofRenaissance

EdmundSpenser(1552--1599):

"

thepoets'

poet"

Masterpiece:

TheFaerieOueene《仙后》

ThomasMore(1478-1535)

Utopia(乌托邦)

ChristopherMarlowe(1564--1593):

mostgiftedofthe"

UniversityWits"

(大学才子派).

TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus.《浮士德博士的悲剧》

★FrancisBacon(1561-1626)

—thefounderofmodernscienceinEngland;

—oneoftheearliestessayist(散文家)inEnglishlanguage

Essays《论说文集》

OfStudies(论读书)

★WilliamShakespeare(1564—1616)

LiteraryPosition:

·

“notofanage,butforalltime”,

thegreatestgiantofEnglishlanguageandpoeticform,

oneofthefoundersofrealisminworldliterature,

oneofthegreatestwritersintheworld’sliterature.

LiteraryAchievements:

38plays(edies(喜剧),histories(历史剧),tragedies(悲剧),tragiedies/romances(悲喜剧)

2narrativepoems

154sonnets(Sonnets1-126addressedtoayoungman,Sonnets127-152addressedto“DarkLady”,Sonnets153-154addressedtoCupid,theGodofloveinGreekmythology)

Plays(4periods)

1.Firstperiod(1592-1594):

Hisapprenticeshipinplays.

Historicalplays:

KingHenryVI《亨利六世》,RichardⅢ《查理三世》

edies:

Love’sLabour’sLost《爱的徒劳》

2.Secondperiod(1595-1600):

Matureperiod,amarkedincreaseintheknowledgeofhumanism

RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

(4大喜剧):

AMidsummerNight’sDream《仲夏夜之梦》

TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》

AsYouLikeIt《皆大欢喜》

TwelfthNight《第十二夜》

3.Thirdperiod(1601-1608):

Flourishingperiod,aperiodofgloomyanddepression

(4大悲剧):

Hamlet《汉姆雷特》

Othello《奥赛罗》

KingLear《李尔王》

Macbeth《麦克白》

4.Fourthperiod(1608-1612):

Theperiodofromanticdramaintheformoftragiedies

Reconciliationplays:

TheWinter’sTale《冬天的童话》,TheTempest《暴风雨》

Historicalbackground

1.TheEnglishrevolution(英国革命)andtheRestoration(王朝复辟).

Causes:

theconflictbetweenthemonarchandParliament;

thepersecutionofthePuritans

2.ThebourgeoisDictatorshipandtheRestoration

GloriousRevolution—abloodlessrevolution

Theconstitutionalmonarchy.

★JohnMilton(1608—1674)

LiteraryPosition

AmasteroftheBlankverse

ThegreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetofthe17thcentury

OneofthegreatestpoetsoftheEnglishlanguage

LiteraryAchievements

Poems

ParadiseLost《失乐园》(1667):

hismasterpiece——ThegreatestepicinEnglishliterature.

ParadiseRegained(1671)《复乐园》

SamsonAgonistes(1671)《力士参孙》

ParadiseLost《失乐园》

—JohnMilton

1.Introduction

Longepicin12books

Writteninblankverse

BasedonGenesis《创世纪》intheOldTestament

DramatizestheBiblicalaccountofhumanity’sbanishment.

2.Theme

—Milton’saimedpurpose:

“justifythewaysofGodtoman”(昭示天道对人的公正)

—Realpurpose:

Challengetherestoredmonarch

God—tyrannical,representstheking

Satan—rebellingagainstmonarch

LovebetweenAdamandEve—humanpursuitforhappiness,thespiritofRenaissance

3.Writingfeatures

—Miltonstyle:

Sonority洪亮,Eloquence雄辩,Majesty尊严,Grandeur壮美

Theblankverse

Longandinvolvedsentences

★JohnDonne(1572-1631)

—founderofMetaphysicalSchool(玄学派)

—thegreatestofthemetaphysicalpoets.

SongsandSonnets《歌与十四行诗》

TheFlea《跳蚤》

HolySonnets《圣十四行诗》:

HolySonnet10

Featuresofmetaphysicalpoetry:

—conceits(奇喻)

—strangeparadoxes(悖论)

—far-fetched(牵强的)imagery

JohnBunyan(1628-1688):

ThePilgrim’sProgress《天路历程》

4.EnglishEnlightenmentandneo-Classicism(17thcentury-18thcentury)(英国启蒙运动和新古典主义文学)(1688-1798)

HistoricalBackground

1.parativelypeacefuldevelopmentundertheconstitutionalmonarchy

ApromisebetweenToryandWhig

TheleadingnavelpowerinEurope

2.TheIndustrialRevolution工业革命

Unprecedentedtechnicalinnovations

Rapidgrowthofindustryandmerce

TheEnlightenment

AnintellectualmovementinEuropebeganinthelate17thand18thcenturiesandendedwiththeFrenchrevolutionof1789

18thcentury:

AgeofReason/AgeofEnlightenment

1.Importance—alastingheritageforthe19thand20thcentury

—itmarkedakeystageinthedeclineofthechurchandthegrowthofmodernsecularism(世俗主义)

—itservedasthemodelforpoliticalandeconomicliberalism.

2.ThedevelopmentofPoetry:

neo-Classicism新古典主义

3.Characteristicofneo-Classicism

1).Emphasizingreasonratherthanemotion,formratherthancontent.

2).Didacticandsatirical

3).HeroicCouplet(英雄双韵体)

4).Townpoetrywritingfortherisingbourgeoisie

AlexanderPope(1688-1744)

LiteraryPosition

—anoutstandingenlightener

—ThegreatestandthemostimportantrepresentativeoftheEnglishclassicalpoetry.

★TheRiseofFiction

DanielDefoe

JonathanSwift

HenryFielding

※Fiction

Themainstreamof18thcenturyliterature,&

Theriseandgrowthofrealisticnovel—themostprominentachievementof18thcenturyEnglishliterature

★DanielDefoe(1660-1731)

—FatherofEnglishnovel

——RobinsonCrusoe(1719)《鲁宾逊漂游记》

Defoe’smasterpiece

ThefirstEnglishnovelinarealsense

ThefirstEnglishrealisticnovel

RobinsonCrusoe

—DanielDefoe

1.Theme:

—tosingthepraisesofhumanlabor

—tocelebratethestrengthofhumanrationalwilltoconquerthenaturalenvironment

—tobeautifycolonialism&

Negroslavery

2.Plot:

runawayfromhome→beeasailor→aplanterinBrazil→toanuninhabitedislandbecauseofshipwreck→madealivingthereallbyhimself→saveanegronamedFridaywhobecamehisservant→backtoEngland→visittheremoteislandagainandFridaywaskilled

3.RobinsonCrusoe’scharacterization:

typicaloftherisingEnglishbourgeoisclass,practical,diligent,arestlesscuriositytoknowmoreabouttheworldandadesiretoproveindividualpowerinthefaceofsocialandnaturalchallenges;

shrewd,careaboutmoneyandgoodatmanaging;

courageousandintelligenttoovereallkindsofobstacles

★JonathanSwift(1667-1745)

—oneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishProse

—amastersatirist(讽刺作家)

StyleofSwift’sprose:

simple,clearandvigorous.Hisfamoussaying

“Properwordsinproperplaces,makesthetruedefinitionofastyle”influencedalotlaterwriters.

LiteraryAchievements

Books

TheBattleofBooks《书籍之战》

ATaleofTub《一个桶子的故事》

Guliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》

——hismasterpiece:

asatireonthewholeEnglishsocietyofthe18thcentury.

Pamphlets

TheDraper’sLetters《一个布商的书信》

AModestProposal《一个温和的建议》

——(AModestProposalforPreventingtheChildrenofPoorPeopleinIrelandfromBeingaBurdentoTheirParents)

Guliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》

—JonathanSwift

Plot:

PartI:

AVoyagetoLilliput

PartII:

AVoyagetoBrobdingnag

PartIII:

AVoyagetoLaputa,Balnibarbi,Glubbdubdrib,LuggnaggandJapan

PartIV:

AVoyagetotheCountryoftheHouyhnhnms

HenryFielding(1707-1754)

TheHistoryofTomJones,AFounding《弃儿汤姆·

琼斯》

—ThefounderofEnglishrealisticnovel-settingupthetheoryofrealisminliteraryposition.

Pre-Romanticism:

Latterhalfofthe18thcentury

RobertBurns

WilliamBlake

1.Romanticrevival

AstrongprotestagainstthebondageofClassicism(=Formalism)

Arecognitionoftheclaimsofpassionandemotion.

2.Representatives

RobertBurns(1759-1796)罗伯特·

彭斯

WilliamBlake(1757-1827)威廉·

布莱克

★RobertBurns(1759-1796)

Literaryposition

—thenationalpoetofScotland

—Apoetofthepeasants,apoetofthepeople

LiteraryAchievements

Poemschiefly

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