大学英语四级题库Word文档格式.docx
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Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet.
Forquestions1-7,mark
Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;
N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;
NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.
Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
TurningFailureintoSuccess
Vicky---beautiful,talented,verybright,voted“MostLikelytoSucceed”in
college---gotapromisingjobwithalargespecialtystoreaftergraduation.Then,aftertwoyearswithoutpromotions,shewasfired.Shesufferedacompletenervousbreakdown.“Itwaspanic,”shetoldmelater.“EverythinghadalwaysgonesowellformethatIhadnoexperienceincopingwithrejection.IfeltIwasafailure.”
Vicky’sreactionisanextremeexampleofacommonphenomenon,Inasocietythatplacessomuchemphasison“makingit,”wefailtorecognizethatwhatlookslikefailuremay,inthelongrun,provebeneficial.WhenVickywasabletothinkcoollyaboutwhyshewasfired,forexample,sherealizedthatshewassimplynotsuitedtoajobdealingwithpeopleallthetime.Inhernewpositionasacopyeditor,sheworksindependently.Sheishappyandonceagain“successful.”
Peoplearegenerallypronetowhatsemanticist(语义学家)S.I.Hayakawacalls“thetwo-valuedorientation.”Wetalkaboutseeingbothsidesofaquestionasifeveryquestionhadonlytwosides.Weassumethateveryoneiseitherasuccessorafailurewhen,infact,infinitedegreesofbotharepossible.AsHayakawapointsout,there'
saworldofdifferencebetween“Ihavefailedthreetimes”and“Iamafailure.”Indeed,thewordsfailureandsuccesscannotbereasonablyappliedtoacomplex,living,changinghumanbeing.Theycanonlydescribethesituationataparticulartimeandplace.
Obviouslynoonecanbeawhizz(能手)ateverything.Infact,successinoneareaoftenprecludessuccessinanother.Aneminentpoliticianoncetoldmethathiscareerhadpracticallydestroyedhismarriage.“Ihavenotimeformyfamily,”heexplained.“Itravelalot.AndevenwhenI’mhome,Ihardlyseemywifeandkids.I’vegotpower,money,prestige-butasahusbandandfather,I’maflop.”
Certainkindsofsuccesscanindeedbedestructive.Thedangeroftooearlysuccessisparticularlyacutewheneverachilddemonstratesspecialtalent.Irecallfrommychildhoodagirlwhoseskilloniceskatesmarkedheras“Olympicmaterial.”Whiletherestofthemwereplaying,bicycling,reading,makingthingsandjustloafing,thisgirlskatedeverydayafterschoolandallweekend.Herpictureoftenappearedinthepapers,andtherestofusenviedherglamorouslife.Yearslater,however,shespokebitterlyofthoseearlytriumphs.“Ineverpreparedmyselfforanythingbuttheice,”shesaid.“Ipeakedat17andit’sbeendownhilleversince.”
Successthatcomestooeasilyisalsodamaging.Thechildwhowinsaprizeforadashed-offessay,theadultwhodistinguisheshimselfatafirstjobbyluckyaccidentfacesprobabledisappointmentwhenrealchallengesarise.
Successisalsobadwhenit'
sachievedatthecostofthetotalqualityofanexperience.Successfulstudentssometimesbecomesoobsessedwithgradesthattheyneverenjoytheirschoolyears.Theyneverbranchoutintotemptingnewareas,becausetheydon’twanttorisktheirgradeaverage.
Successmay,quitesimply,costtoomuch-instrain(infightingatthejob,keepingacheerfulpublicfacewhileyourpersonallifefallsapart)orlossofintegrity(诚实,正直)(flattering,lying,goingalongwithquestionableactions).Aboveall,itmaybetoocostlyiftheendresultisfearofnotrepeatingthesuccess.OneofthemostsuccessfulhostessesIknowhascometohateentertaining:
“I’veacquiredsuchareputation,”sheexplains,“thatmyfriendsexpectmetooutdomyself.Ican’tdisappointthemandI’mwornoutbeforemyguestsarrive.”
Whyaresomanypeoplesoafraidoffailure?
Quitesimplybecausenoonetellsushowtofailsothatfailurebecomesagrowingexperience.Weforgetthatfailureispartofthehumanconditionandthat,asfamilytherapistVirginiaSatirobserves,“everypersonhastherighttofail.”
Mostparentsworkhardateitherpreventingfailureorprotectingtheirchildrenfromtheknowledgethattheyhavefailed.Onewayistolowerstandards.Amotherdescribesherchild’shastilymadetableas“perfect!
”eventhoughitwobbles(摇晃)onunevenness.Anotherwayistoshifttheblame.IfJohnfailsscience,histeacherisunfairorstupid.
Whenoneofmydaughterswasten,shedecidedtoraisemoneyforcharitybyholdingacarnival(狂欢节).Proudofher,werashlyallowedhertoputpostersallovertown.Werealizedtoolatethatshecouldn’tpossiblyhandlealltherefreshments,showsandgamespromisedintheposters.Thewholefamilypitchedintopreventembarrassingfailureandthenextyearsheadvertisedanevenmoreambitiousevent.Whynot?
Wehadkeptherfromdiscoveringherlimitations.
Thetroublewithfailure-preventiondevicesisthattheyleaveachildunequippedforlifeintherealworld.Theyoungneedtolearnthatnoonecanbebestateverything,noonecanwinallthetimeandthatit’spossibletoenjoyagameevenwhenyoudon’twin.Achildwho’snotinvitedtoabirthdayparty,whodoesn’tmakethehonorrollorthebaseballteamfeelsterrible,ofcourse.Butparentsshouldnotofferaquickconsolationprizeorsay,“Itdoesn’tmatter,”becauseitdoes.Theyoungstershouldbeallowedtoexperiencedisappointment--andthenbehelpedtomasterit.
Failureisneverpleasurable.Ithurtsadultsandchildrenalike.Butitcanmakeapositivecontributiontoyourlifeonceyoulearntouseit.Steponeistoask,“WhydidIfail?
”Resistthenaturalimpulsetoblamesomeoneelse.Askyourselfwhatyoudidwrong,howyoucanimprove.Ifsomeoneelsecanhelp,don'
tbeshyaboutinquiring.
WhenIwasateenager,IfailedtogetajobI’dcountedon.Itelephonedtheinterviewertoaskwhy.“Becauseyoucametenminuteslate,”Iwastold.“Wecan'
taffordemployeeswhowasteotherpeople’stime.”Theexplanationwasreassuring(Ihadn’tbeenrejectedasaperson)andhelpful,too.Idon’tthinkI'
vebeenlateforanythingsince.
Success,whichencouragesrepetitionofoldbehavior,isnotnearlyasgoodateacherasfailure.Youcanlearnfromadisastrouspartyhowtogiveagoodone;
fromanill-chosenfirsthousewhattolookforinasecond.Evenafailurethatseemsdefinitivecanpromptfreshthinking,achangeofdirection.After12yearsofstudyingballetafriendofmineauditioned(试演)foraprofessionalcompany.Shewasturneddown.“Wouldfurthertraininghelp?
”sheasked.Theballetmastershookhishead."
Youwillneverbeadancer,”hesaid.“Youhaven'
tthebodyforit.”
Insuchcases,thewaytousefailureistotakestockcourageously,asking,“WhathaveIleft?
WhatelsecanIdo?
”Myfriendputawayhertoeshoesandmovedintodancetherapy,afieldwhereshe'
sbothcompetentanduseful.
Oddlyenough,failureoftenbringswithitapeculiarkindoffreedom.Evenamajorlifefailurecanbefollowedbyasenseof“It’shappened.Iwishithadn’t,butit’sovernowandIsurvived.”
1.Vickywasfiredaftertwoyearswithoutpromotion.
2.Afterrejected,Vickyalwaysfeltdepressedandunhappy.
3.Hayakawaindicatesthatthere’sagreatdifferencebetween“Ihavefailedthreetimes”and“Iamafailure.”
4.Evidentlyanyonecannotbesuitedtoeveryjob.
5.Successfulstudentsarediligentandlikestudying.
6.VirginiaSatirthinkseverypersonhastherighttosucceed.
7.Failurealwayshurtschildrenanddoesn’thurtadults.
8.Thedangeroftooearlysuccessisparticularlyacutewheneverachild____________.
9.Failurecan________________toyourlifeonceyoulearntouseit.
10.Oddlyenough,failureoftenbringswithit___________________.
.ListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
11.A)Heshouldrunfast.B)Heasksaboutthetime.
C)Hewantstobepresident.D)Hewillnotrunforit.
12.A)Inaspacecraft.B)Inanobservatory.
C)Onthemoon.D)Inanastronomyclass.
13.A)Mostpeopleinthiscountrylikebeef.
B)Muchofthebestbeefisforexport.
C)Thiscountryshouldexportcheese.
D)Beefinthecountryisthebest.
14.A)Amailman.B)Asalesman.
C)Ahousepainter.D)Ataxinspector.
15.A)Hecan’tsellcars.B)Hemakesalotofmoney.
C)Heandhisbossgetonwell.D)Hebecomesafireman.
16.A)Hehadaflight.B)Hefelldown.
C)Hewaspunished.D)Hewasknocked.
17.A)About6P.M.B)At3:
30P.M.
C)Aboutnoon.D)Afterdinner
18.A)ThemanwouldunderstandifhehadFrank’sjob.
B)Frankcouldhelphimgetajobonanairplane.
C)Waitingontablesisanenjoyablejob.
D)Sheistiredofwaitingforhi