英语教学法复习题11.docx

英语教学法复习题11.docx

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英语教学法复习题11

EnglishTeachingMethodology

PartIDefinitions

（1）Denotativemeaning（指示意义/外延意义）;

Theprimary,literalmeaningofaword,whichisusedtolabelrealobjects.

（2）Connotativemeaning（内涵意义/隐含意义）；

Theassociationsthatareconnectedtoacertainwordortheemotionalsuggestionsrelatedtothatword

（3）implicitlearning;

-learningwithoutconsciousattentionorawareness

-Implicitlearningisapassiveprocess,wherestudentsareexposedtoinformation,andacquireknowledgeofthatinformationsimplythroughthatexposure

Example:

learningnewwordsbymeetingthemrepeatedly

（4）explicitlearning;

learningwithconsciousawarenessandintention

-Explicitlearningisanactiveprocesswherestudentsseekoutthestructureofinformationthatispresentedtothem.

Example:

learningnewwordsbymemorizing,imagining,comparing,etc.

（5）synonym（同义词）;

Itemsthatmeanthesame,ornearlythesame

（6）Spontaneityforspeaking（自发性）;

Inmostsituations,peopledonotplanaheadoftimewhattheyaregoingtosay.Thefactthatspeechisspontaneousmeansthatitisfulloffalsestarts,repetitions,incompletesentences,andshortphrases.

（7）assessment（评估）;

Thecollectingofinformationofalearner’slearningprogressandachievementoveraperiodoftimeforthepurposeofimprovingteachingandlearning.Notbasedononetestoronetask,noronamarkorgrade.

（8）evaluation;

Thesystematicgatheringofinformationforthepurposeofmakingdecisions（Weiss,1972）.

（9）validity（有效正确）;

Theextenttowhichinferencesmadefromassessmentresultsareappropriate,meaningful,andusefulintermsofthepurposeoftheassessment.Atestmeasureswhatitissupposedtomeasure.

（10）reliability;

Theextenttowhichtheresultscanbeconsideredconsistent（一致的）orstable.

Atestisreliableifitgivesthesameresultswhenitisgivenondifferentoccasionsorwhenitisusedbydifferentpeople.

（12）Washback（反驳作用）;

Theeffectthattestshaveonlearningandteaching.Itcanbebeneficial（positive）ordetrimental（negative）.

（13）Portfolios（学习档案袋）;

Apurposefulcollectionofstudents’workthatdemonstratestostudentsandotherstheirefforts,progress,andachievementsingivenareasoveraperiodoftime（Genesee&Upshur,1996）.

（14）linguisticcompetence（语言能力）.

Linguisticcompetenceisthesystemoflinguisticknowledgepossessedbynativespeakersofalanguage.Itisincontrasttotheconceptoflinguisticperformance,thewaythelanguagesystemisusedincommunication.

PartIIShort-answerquestionsandDiscussions.

1.GivethedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.

AmericanEnglishisevolvedfromBritishEnglish.Butthedifferencesbetweenthemarenoticeable.

Thedifferencesbetweenthem:

①.Vocabulary

a.PastSimple/PastParticiples

b.Prepositions

②Pronunciation

（1）[æ]—[ɑ:

]:

（2）[ɑ:

]—[ɔ]:

（3） [il]-[l]

（4）[u:

]—[ju:

]:

（5）[i:

]—[ai]:

（6）thesameword

③.Spelling（suffix）拼写（后缀）

④.Grammar语法

（1）Useofpresentperfecttenseandsimplepasttense.现在完成式和一般过去式

（2）Verbagreementandcollectivenouns主谓一致和集合名词

（3）Pasttenseforms.过去时态的形式

Firstofall,thedifferenceisvocabulary.Thefollowingverbshavetwoacceptableformsofthepastsimple/pastparticipleinbothAmericanandBritishEnglish,however,theirregularformisgenerallymorecommoninBritishEnglish（thefirstformofthetwo）andtheregularformismorecommontoAmericanEnglish.

（1）PastSimple/PastParticiples

⏹DreamdreamtORdreamed

⏹LeanleantORleaned

⏹LearnlearntORlearned

⏹SmellsmeltORsmelled

⏹SpellspeltORspelled

⏹SpillspiltORspilled

⏹BurnBurntORburned

（2）Prepositions

⏹AmericanEnglish-ontheweekend

BritishEnglish-attheweekend

⏹AmericanEnglish-onateam

BritishEnglish-inateam

⏹AmericanEnglish-pleasewritemesoon

BritishEnglish-pleasewritetomesoon

Secondary,thedifferenceispronunciation.Sometimesweusuallysoftenordon’treadthevowel（especiallythe[ə]or[i]）intheunstressedsyllableoutinBritishEnglish,whileweshouldreadallvowelsoutintheAmericanEnglish.SoAmericansspeakmoreslowlyandclearlythantheBritishpeople.DifferencesinpronunciationbetweenAmericanEnglish（AmE）andBritishEnglish（BrE）canbedividedinto:

⏹Differencesinaccent（i.e.phonemeinventoryandrealisation）.SeedifferencesbetweenGeneralAmericanandReceivedPronunciationforthestandardaccentsintheUnitedStatesandBritain;forinformationaboutotheraccentsseeregionalaccentsofEnglishspeakers.

⏹Differencesinthepronunciationofindividualwordsinthelexicon（i.e.phonemedistribution）.Inthisarticle,transcriptionsuseReceivedPronunciation（RP）torepresentBrEandGeneralAmerican（GAm）andtorepresentAmE.

（1）[æ]—[ɑ:

]:

  Whentheletter“a”comesbefore-s,-f,-th,-lf,-ph,-n,e