现在完成时Word文档格式.docx
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(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever,never,threetimes等时间状语。
IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去过北京二次。
3.现在完成时的时间状语
(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。
yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。
但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a.用副词already和yet。
already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我们已完成作业了。
Theyhaven'
tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他们还没有完成作业。
b.用ever和never。
多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。
如:
-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?
你曾经去过长城吗?
-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我从未去过长城。
c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just,before,uptonow,thepastfewyears等。
例如:
Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。
Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays.近几年他去过那里三次了。
d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:
now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。
例如:
-Haveyoumethimtoday?
-No,Ihaven'
t.今天你见过他吗?
我没有。
Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear?
今年你去过那里多少次?
(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。
Ihaven'
tseenhimfortwoyears.但是,像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。
要用,必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。
现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:
arrive→beherebegin(start)→beon
die→bedeadcomeback→beback
leave→beawayfallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,asleep)
getup→beupgoout→beout
finish→beoverputon→wear或beon
open→beopenjoin→bein或beamemberof…
close→beclosedgotoschool→beastudent
borrow→keepbuy→have
catch(acold)→have(acold)gettoknow→know
begintostudy→studycometowork→work等
Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他参军三年了。
Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世二年了。
Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我们(开始)学英语已三年了。
4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。
但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。
如对现在产生的结果或影响等,而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。
试比较:
Ihavelostmynewbook.我把新书丢了。
(现在还未找到)
Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。
(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明)
5.几点注意事项
(1)havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的区别:
havebeen(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;
havegone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once,never,severaltimes等连用,后者则不能。
TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他们去过北京两次。
HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。
(2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。
如:
Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世已有三年了。
(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
tleftheresince1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。
一、单项选择
1.LiHonghas________thearmyfor2years.
A.joinedB.beinC.beeninD.joinedin
2.Wehavebeenfriendssince______.
A.childrenB.fiveyearsC.fiveyearsagoD.fiveyearsbefore
3.Mike___________thestoryforamonth.
A.hasboughtB.hashadC.hadhadD.hasborrowed
4.You______thatquestionthreetimes.
A.alreadyaskedB.havealreadyasked
C.alreadyhaveaskedD.askedalready
5.ThoseforeignfriendsleftGuangzhou__________.
A.sincelastweekB.aweekagoC.foraweekD.sinceaweekago
6.I_____atthisschoolfortwoyears.
A.amstudyingB.studyC.studiedD.havestudied
7.They_________inthecitysincelastsummer.
A.liveB.didn’tliveC.havelivedD.live
8.Mrs.WanghaslivedinHaikou_________1992.
A.sinceB.fromC.afterD.in
9.Mr.Black_________Chinasincethesummerof1998.
A.hasbeentoB.hasbeeninC.hascometoD.cameto
10.Hisfather_______foryears.
A.hasdiedB.hasbeendeadC.diedD.dies
11.Mary________toseethefilmsbecauseshe__________ittwice.
A.won’tgo,sawB.won’tgo,willsee
C.won’tgo,hasseenD.didn’tgo,sees
12.----Wouldyoulikesomemorefood?
----Thankyou.I_______enough.
A.willhaveB.havehadC.haveD.had
13.______you______England?
Yes,it_____abeautifulcountry.
A.Will,goneto,wasB.Have,beento,is
C.Had,beento,isD.Have,goneto,is
14.----_______you_______toBeijing?
----No,I______.I______thereearlynextmonth.
A.Have,been,haven’t,amgoingB.Had,been,hadn’t,amgoing
C.Have,gone,haven’t,wasgoingD.Did,go,didn’t,wasgoing
15.---Yousister______toLondontostudyEnglish.Isthattrue?
---Yes,she___therefortwomonths.
A.hasbeen,hasbeenB.willgo,hasgone
C.gone,willbeD.hasgone,hasbeen
16.Hehasacomputerofhisown.He____ittwodaysago
A.boughtB.boughtC.boughtD.hasbought
17.—WhereisLiLei?
—He___Shanghai.
A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.wenttoD.goesto
18.He_______hishomeworkandisnowlisteningtomusic.
A..finishesB.hasfinishedC.finishD.isfinishing
19.David_______Shanghaiformorethanthreemonths.
A.cametoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeeninD.hascometo
20.---IsyourfatheraPartymember?
---Yes,he____thepartythreeyearsago.He_____aPartymemberforthreeyears.
A.joined;
hasbeenB.hasjoined;
hasbeen
C.wasjoined;
isD.joined;
was
21.---Whatanicebike!
Howlone____you____it?
----Justfiveweeks.
A.will;
buyB.did;
buyC.are;
havingD.have;
had
22.I______thisbookforaweek.Ihavetoreturnitnow.
A.borrowedB.haveborrowedC.keptD.havekept
23.----______yoursister_______inGreenChinaforalongtime?
----Yes.Shejoineditfiveyearsago.
A.Has;
beenB.Have;
beenC.Has;
joinedD.Have;
joined
24.---Howlonghaveyou_______fromtheUSA?
----Forthreemonths.
A.comebackB.returnedC.gobackD.beenback
25.I_____thisbookforhalfayear.
A.haveboughtB.havehadC.boughtD.had
26.Thestudentsaresorrytohearthatfamoussinger_______forayear.
A.hasleftB.hasgoneC.hasbeenawayD.hasgoneaway
27.---______you______yourhomeworkyet?
---Yes,I_____itjustnow.
A.Did;
do;
finishedB.Have;
done;
finished
C.Have;
havefinishedD.Will;
finish
28.Thesandstormweather______inBeijingseveraltimesthisyear.
A.happenB.happenedC.hashappenedD.havehappened
29.---Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
---____lastmonth.
A.ForB.UntilC.BeforeD.Since
30.He____acoldforthreedays.
A.hascaughtB.hashadC.hasgotD.caught
31.JimGreen____inChinafortwoyears.
A.hascomeB.hasbeenC.hasarrivedD.came
32.Thefilm____forhalfanhour.
A.hasbeenonB.hasbegunC.hasn’tbegunD.began
33.—Wherehaveyou_______thesedays?
—IhavetoBeijingwithmyfriends.
A.been;
goneB.been;
beenC.gone;
beenD.gone;
gone
34.Howlonghaveyou_______thisbook?
A.boughtB.borrowedC.hadD.lent
35.Wehavelivedhere_______fiveyearsago.
A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.after
36.—Ihavewatchedthegame.—When_____you_______it?
A.have;
watchedB.do;
watchC.did;
watchD.will;
watch
37.—HowdoyoulikeBeijing,Mr.Black?
—Oh,I_______suchabeautifulcity.
A.don'
tvisitB.didn'
tvisitC.haven'
tvisitedD.hadn'
tvisited
38.MissBrown_______totheGreatWalltwice.
A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.havegoneD.hasgone
39.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice______hecametoYunnan.
A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.for
40.Hisgrandpa_______fortwoyears.
A.wasdiedB.hasbeendeadC.wasdeadD.hasdied
41.—Haveyouever_______toHaikou?
—Yes,I_______therewithmyfamilylastAugust.
A.gone;
wentB.been;
wentC.been;
wenttoD.been;
wasin
42.Hissister______herhometownforthreeyears.She'
llreturnnextyear.
A.leftB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayD.hasbeenawayfrom
以适当形式填空
1.I_______already_______(see)thefilm.I_________(see)itlastweek.
2.-----_______he________(finish)hisworktoday?
------Notyet.
3.-----_____you_______(be)toHongKong?
----Yes,I________________(be)theretwice.
4.-----_______youever________(eat)chocolatesundaes?
----No,never.
5.Myfather____just________(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.
6.Where’sLiMing?
He____________(go)totheteacher’soffice.
7.Shanghai_______(be)asmalltownhundredsofyearsago.Nowit____(become)alargecity.
8.I_____________(work)heresinceI__________(move)herein1999.
9.SofarI______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.
10.---Howlong______theSmiths________(stay)here?
----Fortwoweeks.
11.---I___________(see)thefilm“ChickenRun”.
---Whereandwhen________you_______(see)it?
---Lastweek.
12.Mary_____already_______(have)hersupper.
13.I____________(notwant)toseethefilm.I___________(see)itwithmyparents.We_________(see)itlastSunday.
14.---______UncleWang______(mend)theTVyet?
---Yes,he______.
---When_____he_____it?
---Yesterday.
15.______you_______(read)today’snewspaperyet?
16.They_____already_____(do)theirhomework.Buttheydon’t
knowwhat_____(do)next.
17.---____you_____(see)thefilmlastnight?
---No,I___________(see)itforseveraltimes.
18.She____________(be)illforthreedays.
19.Myfather___________(buy)abookformeyesterday.He____already_________(pay)fiftyyuanforit.
20.She____________(notread)thisbookbefore.
21.____youever__________(travel)onatrainbefore?
22.---____WeiHua_____(come)yet?
---Yes.She_______(come)already.She______(come)justnow.
23.---Howlong_____you__________(learn)English?
---Formorethantwoyears.
24.They_______________(live)inChinasincethey_____(move)toChina.
句型转换(每空一词)。
1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否定句)
I______________bee