英语本科毕业论文范文1Word文档格式.docx

英语本科毕业论文范文1Word文档格式.docx

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Province

inPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfor

theDegreeofBachelorofArts

inEnglishLanguageandLiterature

by

Number:

Supervisedby:

March2011

Acknowledgements

Iwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoallthosewhohavehelpedmeduringthewritingofthisthesis.Igratefullyacknowledgethehelpof.

IalsooweaspecialdebtofgratitudetoalltheprofessorsinForeignLanguagesDepartment,fromwhosedevotedteachingandenlighteninglecturesIhavebenefitedalotandacademicallypreparedforthethesis.

Ishouldfinallyliketoexpressmygratitudetomybelovedparentswhohavealwaysbeenhelpingmeoutofdifficultiesandsupportingmewithoutawordofcomplaint.

Abstract

ForEnglishpoemsorChinesepoems,animageisoneofthebasicelementswhichformthepoeticarts.Itisthesoulofapoem.Innature,nightingaleandcuckooaretwokindsofthemostcommonbirdimagesinEnglishandChinesepoems.Therearesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthem.ThecuckooinChinesepoemsandthenightingaleinEnglishpoemsusuallyappearasgrievousimages.Bothofthemoriginateintheirsadlegendsand,theysymbolizemournfulemotioninpoems.Anddifferencesbetweenthemcanbedescribedfromtwosides.First,thenightingalesometimesalsorepresentshappinesswhilethecuckooshowsgriefallthetime.Second,theyhavedifferentrelationshipwithpoeticschools.Byreadingandcomparing,readerscandeeplyunderstandcuckooandnightingale’ssymbolizedmeaningandemotionaltone.

Keywords:

poeticimage;

nightingale;

cuckoo,differencesandsimilarities

摘要

无论是对英诗，还是对汉诗来说，意象是构成诗的艺术的基本条件之一。

它是诗歌的灵魂。

在自然界中，夜莺和杜鹃分别是英诗和汉诗中最常见的两种鸟类意象。

然而它们之间既包含了相似性，又具有差别性。

英诗中的夜莺和汉诗中的杜鹃通常都以悲伤凄凉的意象出现。

一方面它们都来源于忧伤的传说；

另一方面它们在诗中都象征一种忧伤的情感。

而它们之间的差异性也可以从两个方面阐述。

一是夜莺有时也象征一种快乐，而杜鹃则一直是忧伤的代表；

二是它们与诗歌流派之间的关系是不同的。

通过研究比较，读者能够更加深刻了解夜莺与杜鹃的象征意义和情感基调。

关键词：

诗歌意象；

夜莺；

杜鹃；

异同

Contents

Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………..ii

Abstract（English）…………………………………………………………...iii

Abstract（Chinese）…………………………………………………………..iv

1.Introduction……………………………………………………………...1

2.SignificanceofUsingImagesinPoems………………………………....2

3.SimilaritiesandDifferencesoftheImagesofNightingaleinEnglish

PoemsandCuckooinChinesePoems………..........................................4

3.1SimilaritiesBetweentheImagesofNightingale

andCuckoo……………………………………………………………...4

3.1.1ComingfromGrievousLegends……………………………………5

3.1.2SymbolizingtheSadFeelings………………………………………7

3.2DifferencesBetweentheImagesofNightingale

andCuckoo………………………………………………………………9

3.2.1TheHappyImageofNightingale…………………………………..10

3.2.2TheDifferentRelationshipBetweentheImagesand

theSchools……………………………………………...................11

4.Conclusion………………………………………………………………….13

Bibliography…………………………………………………………………..14

1.Introduction

Inallages,poetryisanimportantpartofliteraturebothinChinaandthewesternworld,andisoneofthemostancientliteraryforms.Inpoems,animageisanessentialandcreativedevicetoexpresspoets’feelings.Everypoetmustbecautiousaboutchoosingtheimage,becauseitmaybeinfluencestheresultthatwhetherapoemissuccessfulornot.

Inthehistoryofglobalculture,theimageisavitalconceptforpoetry.Therefore,alargenumberofscholarshaveresearchedpoeticimages.Mostofthemstudypoeticimageasawhole,suchaswhatisapoeticimage,whatisoriginofimages,howtoapplytoimages,whatisthetheoryofthepoeticimages,andsoon.Theycanresearchpoeticimagesfromthepointviewofaesthetics,andanalyzetheconnectionbetweenpoeticimagesandculture.AndthentheyalsocomparethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChinesepoemsandEnglishpoemswhenpoetschoosepoeticimages.Ingeneral,scholarsdiscusspoeticimagesfromawidescope.

Besides,afewofscholarshavealreadyresearchedsomekindofspecificimages.Forexample,whatculturalmeaningtheimageofsnakereflectsinEnglishpoems.AndwhatconceptionthemoonrevealsinChinesepoems,etc.However,fewscholarshavecomparedoneimageinChinesepoemswithanothersimilarimageinEnglishpoems.Thissituationimpliesthatitisnotall-sidedforpoeticimageresearchnowadays.Asbirdsinnature,thenightingaleinEnglishpoemsandthecuckooinChinesepoemsaregreatandimportantbirdimages.Manyscholarshavestudiedrespectivelythetwoimages.SomeanalyzethesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthecuckooimageinEnglishcultureandChineseculture.Andsomejustinterpretthenightingaleimagein“OdetoaNightingale”.However,fewresearcherscomparethecuckooinChinesewiththenightingaleinEnglishpoems.

Afterstudied,itcanbeseenthattherearesomesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthem.Theyarebothgrievousimagesandoriginateinmournfullegends.ButthenightingaleissometimesregardedasajoyfulimageinEnglishpoemswhilethecuckooalwaysrepresentsgriefinChinesepoems.Second,theyhavedifferentrelationshipwithpoeticscholars.

2.SignificanceofUsingImagesinPoems

ThepoeticimageisahottopicinChineseandwestpoeticresearchers,anditisadifficultpointinpoetry.Thepoetsofimagismareskillfulinusingimagestocreatepoemsandexpresstheirthoughts.Infact,theyuseChineseapproachtoproducepoemsfortheirreference.Astheoriginofthetheoryofpoeticimagery,Chinahasakeypositioninproducingpoemsviaimages.Poetrytheoristsdevotethemselvestoexploringpoeticimageryforalongtime.Theyhaveaccumulatedawealthofexperienceofthedefinitionandfunctionofimages,andtheireffortsfinallyhaveananswer.

Itisanimportantmeansforcreatingpoeticarttoformimage,andisanessentialparttocreatepoeticartistic.Butwhatisanimage?

Animagereferstothat“itisthelanguagethatproducespictureinthemindsofpeoplereadingorlistening”（A.S.Hornby,2004:

877）.Itisabasicwayforpoetstoshowpassion,expressthoughtsandsublimateconsciousness.Inbrief,animageistheaidforpoetstoexpressemotion.Whenapoetisintheoutsideworld,atthistime,anobjectintheoutsideworldarousesapoet’sfeelings,howdoeshechangehisfeelingsintolines?

Theexistenceofimageisnecessary.Itisonewayforapoettoexpresshisfeelings.

Forthedefinitionofimage,somedomesticscholarsputforwardtheirtheories.AiQingthinksthatanimageisakindofspecificfeeling（YanTaotao,2005:

43）.ZhuGuangqianconsidersthatanimageisashadowwhichanobjectthatapoetisawareofreflectinginheart（YanTaotao,2005:

43）.Andthen,JiangYinghasquotedEzraPound,thepoetofimagisminAmerica,toexplainhisviewpoint:

Animageisthatwhichpresentsanintellectualandemotionalcomplexinacertainandshortperiodoftime（CongZihang,2007:

188）.Therefore,theessenceofimagecanbeathinginpoeticartwhichisinastageofbeingstated.Itisbestowedwithapoeticmeaningbecauseofitsmergingintopoeticartandbeingdescribed.

Poundoncesaid,animagehasbeendividedintotwokinds.Whenitappearsinmind,atthismovement,itissubjective…;

next,itisobjective….（EzraPound,1989:

15）Inthesecircumstances,animageisnotjustaconcept.Itisaseriesofthoughtswhicharemixedtogether.Thistheoryshowstheimportanceofpoeticimagery.Anditalsoindicatesthecloserelationshipbetweenpoeticimageandpoet’sfeelings.

Thefunctionofimageinpoemsisgreat.Usuallyitisregardedasacellofapoem.Fewresearchershavedeeplyanalyzeditsfunction,sothatpeoplepaylittleattentiontoit,andtheycannotappreciatepoemsprecisely.

Withtheformationofimages,poetscanexpresstheirfeelingsinanimplicitway,andmakeabstractfeelingsspecifictoincreasetheappealofapoem.Fromcommonsensepeoplehaveknownthatifapoethasn’tfoundasuitableimage,nomatterhowstronghissentimentis,howdeepthethoughtisandevenhowrichtheimaginationis,hisfeelingsbelongnowhere,liketheduckweedinwater.It’sdifficulttoformapoem.

Animageisthetechniqueofapoem（JiangDengke,1999:

36）.Inreality,itisanotherwaytoshowapoet’slifeandexperience.Poet’slifeandexperiencecanbereflectedviaimaginationinpoems.Inotherword,animagereflectsallofpoet’spersonalityandwill.Besides,itisacombinationofpoet’ssentiment,realizationandexpectation.Themainroleofimageistochangepoet’ssubconsciousnessintoconsciousness,inordertobemorerealandspecific.

Imageisanimportantfactorinpoetry.InChineseandWesternpoetry,allkindsofimagesappearoneafteranotherandbeyondcounting.Butinthoseimages,theconnotationsofsomeimagesinChinesepoemsandinEnglishpoemsaresimilar,suchasthe“rose”whichalwayssymbolizesloveorenthusiasmbecauseofitscolor.Forexample,inRobertBurns’sfamouspoem,“ARedRedRose”,hehadcomparedhislovertoaredrose;

andYangWanliinSongDynastyhadwrittenapoem,“RedRose”,toexpressromanticrelationship.However,someimagesarecompletelydifferent,suchasthe“westwind”.Becauseofdifferentgeographicposition,peopleincountrieshavedifferentideasaboutwestwind.Inwesterncountries,westwindcanbringwarmandwetairstreamsandabundantrainfall,sotheyusuallycomposeodestowestwind.ButforChinese,westwindcancausedryairandacloudofdustfilledthewholesky,thusChinesepeopleareveryevasiveaboutthistopic.ThisshowsthattheconnotationsofpoeticimagesinChineseandWesternpoetryareeitherequalordifferent.Forexample,PercyShelleyhadpraisedthewe