GPS全球定位系统中英文资料对照外文翻译文献文档格式.docx

GPS全球定位系统中英文资料对照外文翻译文献文档格式.docx

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GPS全球定位系统中英文资料对照外文翻译文献@#@GPS全球定位系统中英文资料对照外文翻译文献@#@l毕业论文GPS全球定位系统中英文资料对照外文翻译文献SummarizingTheGlobalPositioningSystemAbstract:

@#@GlobalPositioningSystemisbasedonthebackgroundoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense.Itisdesigned,invested,developed,andoperatedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense,GPSisasatellite-basedpositioningandtimetransferingGPSpositioningfunctionhasawiderangeofapplicationsinthemodernmeasurementandamoremodernbuilding.GPS-RTKtechnologyisalsowidelyusedinmodernizationbuilding,andnowGPShasalsobeenshowntobeanimportantciviliancommunitiesofinterest,andincreasinglywiderangeofapplicated.Keyword:

@#@GPS,Locating，RTK，Layout，SurveyBackgroundThe50s,theformerU.S.S.Rhasnotlaunchedhumanitiesfirstartificialearthsatellite,theAmericanscientistsinalongitstrackresearchin,haddiscoveredtheDopplershiftphenomenon,andhasfacilitatedDopplersatellitenavigationposi-tioningsystemcompletingusingthisprinciple,hasobtainedtheenormoussuccessinthemilitaryandtheciviaspect,wasinanavigationlocalizationhistoryleap,ourcountryoncehasalsointroducedmanyDopplerreceiver,appliedtotheislandassociationmeasured,theEarthexploredandsoontheappliedtotheislandassociationmeasured,theEarthexploredandsoonthedomain.ButbecauseDopplersatelliteorbithighlylow,signal-carrierfrequencylow,thetrackprecisionenhanceswithdifficulty,causesthepointingaccuracylowly,satisfiesthegeodeticsurveyortheprojectsurveyrequest,ismoreimpossibletouseintheastronomyEarthdynamicsresearch.Inordertoenhancethesatellitepositioningtheprecision,USstartedfrom1973toprepareforconstructionglobalpositioningsystemGPS（GlobalPositioningSystem）.Afterhasenteredtheplanproof,thesystemteststage,startedin1989tolaunchtheofficialworksatellite,andcompletelycompletedin1994,investmentuse.TheGPSsystemspaceartiallyiscomposedbytwentyonesatellites,evenlydistributesinsixorbit,thegroundlevelis20,000Kilometers,theinclinationoforbitis55,theflatheartrateapproximatelyis0,theweekcontractis12hours,thesatellitetotheearthlaunchingtwowavebandsintelligencesignals,theintelligencesignalfrequencyrespectivelyis1575.442megacyclespersecond（theL2waveband）,onthesatellitehasinstalledtheprecisionveryhighatomicclock,guaranteesthefrequencythestability,modulatesinthecarrierhastheexpressionsatellitepositionthebroadcaststarexperience,useintherangefinderC/AcodeandPyard,aswelladothersysteminformation,canintheglobalscope,towillfullymulti-userprovidethehighaccuracy,all-weather,iscontinual,real-timethreedimensionalmeasuresfast,thethreedimensionallocalizationandthetimeservice.TheGPSsystemcontrolsectionbyislocatedintheAmericanfoundationsofthestates5monitoringstationstobecomposed,thesestanddidnotaskbreaksCarriesontheobservationtoGPSsatellite,andwillcalculateandtheforecastinformationbytheinfusionstandsrenewstothesatelliteinformation.TheGPSsystemuserisextremelycovert,itisonekindofone-waysystem,theuseronlyreceivesbutdoesnotneedthetransmittingmessage,andthereforeuser&@#@#039;@#@squantityalsoisnotlimited.AlthoughGPSistheunificationstartsis,butveryquantityalsoisnotlimited.AlthoughGPSreceiverandprocessingsoftwareemergeinabundance.AtpresentthereceiverwhichappearsintheChinesemarketmainlyhasROGUE,ASHTECH,TRIMBLE,LEICA,SOKKIA,TOPCONandsoon..Cancarryontheobservationtotwofrequenciesthereceivertobecalledthedoublefrequencyreceiver,onlycancarryontheobservationtoafrequencythereceivertobecometheinference.Saysregardingthemappinguser,GPShascausedtherevolutionarychangeinthemappingdomain,atpresent,inthescopeseveralthousandkilometerscontrolsnetwork,intheprecisionfromhundredtothemillimeterlevellocalization,generallyallGPStookthefirstchoicemethod,isdaybydaymaturealongwiththeRTKtechnology,GPSstartedtodecimeterandevenacentimeterlevellayout,domainseepageandsoonhighaccuracydynamiclocalization.TheinternationalGPSgeodeticsurveyservedIGSwithEarthdynamicsfrom1992,hasestablishedmanydatastorageandtheprocessingcenterinthewholeworld,yeartoyearobservedastationwithhundred,ourcountryhasalsosetupShanghaiYuShan,Wuhan,Xian,Taiwanandsoonmanyyeartoyearmeasuringplatformsstation,thesestationsobservationdatapassedoneverydaythroughtheinternetnettoUS&@#@#039;@#@Sdatastoragecenter,IGSalsonearlyreal-timesynthesizesvariousdataprocessingcentertheresult,andtheparticipantinternationalearthrotationservedtheIERSglobalcoordinatesreferencesystemmaintenanceandtheearthrotationparameterissue.Theuseralsomayfreeon-lineobtainproductandsoonobservationdataandprecisestarexperiencefrominternet.TheGPSsystemreal-timenavigationpointingisveryhigh,UShasimplementedtheso-calledSApolicyin1992,namelyreducesthebroadcaststartoundergothestarpositionprecision,reducesthestarclocktochangethepositivenumbertheprecision,addsonthehighfrequencyvibrationtothesatellitedatumfrequency（tocausefalsedistancemeasuringaccuracytoreducewithphase）,latterhasimplementedtheA-Spolicy,soonPyardchangeisYyardnamelyfurtherlimitstotheprecisefalsedistancesurvey,butAmericanmilitaryandspecialpermissionusernotthesepolicesinfluences,butUSinordertoobtainthebiggercommercialinterest,thesepolicyendsarecancelled.GPSlocalizationprincipalTheGPSreceivermayreceiveanduseinthetimeserviceaccuratelytothenanosecondleveltimeinformation;@#@willuseintoforecastthefutureforseveralmonthsthesatellitetolocatethesummarypositionforecaststarexperience;@#@Usesincalculateswhenthelocalizationtoneedthesatellitecoordinatesthebroadcaststarexperience,theprecisionis（eachsatelliteisdifferentseveralmetertoseveraldozensmeters~changesasnecessary）;@#@AswellasGPSsysteminformation,likesatelliteconditionandsoon.TheGPSreceivermayobtainthesatellitesigntothecodetothereceiverdistance,becauseincludesthereceiversatelliteclocktheerrorandtheatmospherepropagatederror,thereforeiscalledthefalsedistance.ThefalsedistanceobtainswhichtotheOAcodeiscalledtheUAcodefalsedistance,theprecisionapproximatelyisabout20meters,obtainsthefalsedistancetoPyardtobecalledPyardfalsedistance,theprecisionapproximatelyisabout2meters.TheGPSreceivertothesatellitesignalwhichreceives,carriesonthedecodingorusesothertechnologies,willmodulateafterthecarriertheinformationremoves,willbeallowedtorestorethecarrier.Strictsays,thecarrierphaseshouldbecalledthecarrierbeatfrequencyphase,itisreceivesproducestheDopplershiftinfluencesatellitesignalcarrierphaseandreceiverthismachinevibrationdifferenceofthesignalphase.GenerallyexperienceYuantimewhichdeterminedinthereceiverclocksurveyed,maintainstothesatellitesignaltrackunder,mayrecordthephasechangevalue,butstartstimetheobservationreceiverandthesatelliteoscillatorphasechangevalueisdoesnotknow,namelymistydegreeofwholeweek,onlycancalculateinthedataprocessingastheparametersolution.Phaseobservationvalueprecisionhightomillimeter,butthepremiseissolvesmistydegreeofwholeweek,thereforeonlyhaswhentherelativelocalization,andhasasectioncontinuouslyobservesthevaluecanusethephaseobservationvalue,butmustachievemetersdowntothemillimeterlevelalsoonlytobeabletousethephaseobservationvalue.Accordingtothelocatemode,theGPSlocalizationdividesintothesimplepointlocalizationandtherelativelocalization（differencelocalization）.Thesimplepointlocalizationisaccordingtoareceiverobservationdatadeterminedthereceiverpositiontheway,itonlycanusethefalsedistanceviewsurvey,mayuseinChefChuanandsoonthesummarynavigationlocalization.Therelativelocalization（differencelocalization）isaccordingtotwoabovereceiversobservationdatadeterminedbetweentheobservationpointtherelativepositionmethod,italreadymayusethefalsedistanceviewsurveyalsotobepossibletousethephaseviewsurvey,thegeodeticsurveyortheprojectsurveyshouldusethephaseobservationvaluetocarryontherelativelocalization.HascontainedthesatelliteandreceiverZhongChai,theatmosphericdisseminationintheGPSviewsurveyretards,errorandsoonmultiparteffect,whenlocalizationerrortheinfluence,whencarriesontherelativelocalizationthemajorityofpublicerrorsarecounterbalancedorweaken,thereforethepointingaccuracygreatlywillenhance,thedoublefrequencyreceiverwillbeallowedtoactaccordingtotwofrequenciesintheviewsurveycounterbalanceatmospheretheionosphere-patherrormainpart,willrequesthighintheprecision,betweenthereceiverthedistancewi11befartherwhen（atmospherewillhaveobviousdifference）,willbesupposedtoselectthedoublefrequencyreceiver.Whenlocalizationobservation,ifthereceiverisoppositetotheearthssurfacemovement,theniscalledthedynamiclocalization,likeusesinsummarynavigationlocalizationtheandsoonChefChuanprecisionis30-100meterfalsedistancesimplepointlocalization,eitherusesinthecityvehiclesnavigationlocalizationricelevelprecisionfalsedistancedifferencelocalization（RTK）,thereal-timedifferencelocalizationneedsthedatachainreal-timetransmitstwoormanystationsobservationdatacalculatestoge