why historian disagreeWord文档格式.docx

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why historian disagreeWord文档格式.docx

underanassumednamed, 

youdoitusinganamethatisnotyourrealname.

e.ThearticlewerepublishedinSanFrancisconewspapersundertheassumednameofDorothyDodge.

Assumption 

假定,假设

Battery:

1) 

电池

Abatteryoflargeguns,missilelaunchers, 

etc.isagroupofsuchweaponsoperatedtogetherinoneplace.一排(大炮、导弹发射装置)。

e.g.Themissilebatteriesgaveawaytheirpositions.导弹连暴露了它们的阵地。

2)abatteryofthings,people,orevents 

isalargenumberofthemthataretogetherinoneplaceoralargenumberofsimilareventshappeningwithinashortperiodoftime.一套,一组,一大群

e.g.Batteriesofcamerasweresettorecordeveryphaseoftheeclipse.一组组的摄像机被架设好来摄下这次日(月)蚀的每个阶段。

Belligerent:

1)someonewhois 

belligerent 

is 

hostile 

and 

aggressive.

e.g.Hehadabelligerentanddeeplysuspiciouslookonhisface.他脸上有一种好斗的、深深怀疑的神情。

e.g.Hisbelligerentattitudetowardme.他对我的敌对态度。

2)a 

belligerentcountry 

isonethatisfightingawar,atechnicaluse.[术语]交战中的

e.g.Nosupportcouldcomebyseatothebelligerentcountries.各交战国无法从海上得到支援。

contend:

contender 

=sbwhotakepartinacompetition

1)ifyou 

contendwithaproblem 

ordifficulty,youhavetodealwithitorovercomeit.

e.g.Ihavetocontendwithdeep-rootedprejudice.我不得不与根深蒂固的偏见作斗争。

2)ifyoucontendthatsthistrue,youstateorarguethatitistrue主张,断定

e.g.thegovernmentcontendsthatheisafundamentalist.(fundamentalismisthebeliefintheoriginalformofareligionortheory,withoutacceptinganylateridea.原教旨主义—是一种极端的古老宗教信仰或理论,基督教原教旨主义相信圣经中的每一句话都是真实的)

e.g.Icontendthattheroofisofalaterdatethantherestofthechurches.

contendwithsbforsth 

=compete

e.g.Thetwogroupscontendedforpower.

Content:

满意的becontenttodosth/becontentwithsth,=willingtodosth

Sbiscontent=fairlyhappyandsatisfied,

Contented:

满意的,知足的

e.g.MyfatherwasthemostcontentedmanIevermet.

deem:

认为,相信

Doyoudeemthisplan(tobe)sensible?

你认为这项计划明智吗?

HesayshewouldsupporttheuseofforceiftheUNdeemeditnecessary.他说如果联合国认为必要的话他将支持使用武力。

denote:

1)ifonethingdenotesanother,itisa 

sign 

or 

indication 

ofit:

表示,是…的标志

Redeyesdenotes 

strainandfatigue. 

过分劳累

e.g. 

Educationdenotesthemethodsbywhichasocietyhandsdownfromonegenerationtothenestitsknowledge,culture,andvalues.Theindividualbeingeducateddevelopsphysically,mentally,emotionally,morally,andsocially.

2)itrepresentsitbyusingasignorsymbol.(用符号等)代表

PhDdenotesDoctorofphilosophy 

=represent

3)itrepresentsitclearlyandobviously.指示,明确表示

e.g.Basic,asitsnamedenotes,isaverystraightforwardsetofinstructions.正如其名所示,“Basic”是一套非常简单明了的指令集。

Destined:

1)ifsomething 

isdestinedtohappen 

orifsomeoneisdestinedtodosomething,thatthingisplannedadwilldefinitelyhappen.预定的,注定的

e.g.Webelievewearedestinedtobringanewprincipleintohistory.我们相信我们注定要在历史上引进一个新的原理。

2)ifyou 

aredestinedfora 

particular 

place, 

youaretravelingtowardsthatplace.开往某地的,运往某地的

e.g.aflightloadofpassengersdestinedforNewYork.飞往纽约的一班机旅客。

diametrically

1)ifyousaytwothingsare 

diametricallyopposed, 

youareemphasizinghattheyarecompletelydifferentfromeachother.完全地,截然

e.g.Theycametoconclusiondiametricallyopposedtoours.他们得出与我们截然相反的结论。

e.g.Weheldalmostdiametricallyopposingpointsofview.我们所持的观点几乎完全相反。

disproportionate:

=excessive

1)somethingthatisdisproportionatedoesnotcorrespondinamountorsizetosomethingelse.不成比例的,不相称的

e.g.Thejobseemedtotakeadisproportionateamountoftime.这项工作似乎花费特别长的时间。

overseasstudentsspendadisproportionateamountoftheirmoneyonrent.在房租上花的钱太多

exhilarating:

adj.

exhilaratev.使兴奋,使高兴

e.g.Therefugeeswereexhilaratedbythenews.难民们听到这个消息都很振奋。

Foolproof:

somethingsuchasaplanoramachinethatisfoolproofissowelldesigned,easytounderstand,oreasytousethatitcannotgowrongorbeusedwrongly.(计划等)万无一失的,(机械等)不会出毛病的,外行都能操作的

e.g.afoolproofidentificationsystem极易操作且绝对可靠的识别系统

Themachinewasfoolproofasdriverswouldbeunabletoalterthereadings.那种计价器十分可靠,因为司机没办法改变表上的读数。

Garrison:

1)agarrisonisgroupofsoldierswhosejobistoguardthetownorbuildingwhichtheylivein.驻军,卫戍部队,要塞守备部队

2)togarrisonaplacemeanstoputsoldiersthereinordertoprotectit.派兵驻守(某地)

Leaveasmallforcetogarrisonthetown.留下一小支部队驻守这个镇。

Thehighsea:

公海

immerse:

immerseyourselfinsth 

thatyouaredoing,youbecomecompletelyinvolvedinit.使沉浸于,使专心于,使深陷于

e.g.He’sreallybecomeimmersedinhiswork.他的确全力以赴地埋头工作。

immersesomethinginaliquid, 

youputitintotheliquidsothatitiscompletelycovered.使淹没

e.g.IcrossedtheToddRiverandimmersedmyboilingbodyinacoolpool.我穿过了托德河,把滚烫的身子泡在凉快的水池里。

Immersed:

专心的

Intheeventof:

Intheeventofsomething, 

intheeventthat 

somethinghappens, 

inthatevent, 

etc.whenyouaretalkingaboutapossiblefuturesituation,especiallywhenyouareplanningwhattodoifitdoesoccur;

usedinformalEnglish.如果,万一

e.g.Intheeventofatie,thewinnerwillbedecidedbythetossofacoin.如果打成平局,将以投掷硬币方式决定胜者。

Intheunlikelyeventthattheygiveyouanrealtrouble,givemearing.万一他们真的来找你麻烦,就给我打个电话。

Interception:

Intercept:

1)ifyouinterceptsomeoneorsomethingthatistravelingfromoneplacetoanother,youstopthembeforetheygettotheirdestination.拦截,截住,截击

e.g.Thecarwasinterceptedandstoppedbyapoliceman.那辆汽车被一名警察拦截停下。

Missilesweremountedatvariouspointstointerceptaircraftcomingfromthenorth.在不同的地点装置了导弹以截击北方来的飞机。

Minister:

1)aministerisapersonwhoisinchargeofaparticulargovernmentdepartment.部长

e.g.theMinisterofHealthandSocialSecurity卫生和社会福利部长

2)apersonwhoofficiallyrepresentstheirgovernmentinaforeigncountryandhasalowerrankthananambassador.公使

3)amemberoftheclergy,especiallyinProtestantChurches.教士,牧师(尤指基督教新教教会的教士)

4)ifyouministertopeopleortheirneeds,comforts,etc.,youservethemorhelpthembymakingsurethattheyhaveeverythingtheyneedorwant,usedinfairlyformalEnglish.满足(…的需要),尽力服侍(或帮助)

Model:

(这个词大家都熟悉,试着翻译下面句子中model的意思,然后再看答案)

1.ScalemodelsofwellknownNavyships. 

2.Ihadamodeltheatre,forwhichIusedtodesignscenery. 

3.theconstructionofmathematicalmodelstounderstandthenatureofevolution.

4.Thisclausewasamodeloflucidity.

5.Shehasturnedintoamodelmother.

6.Hebuiltamodelbakery.

7.Thechildrenhavetheirparentsonwhichtomodelthemselves.

8.thefirstproductionmodelshouldbereadyin2007.

9.Sheisafashionmodel.

10. 

Shewastoofattomodel.

11. 

Thechildrenwereaskedtomodelanaeroplaneoutofbalsa-wood.

1.著名军舰的比例模型 

=miniature

2.我曾有一个微型剧院,我常为它设计舞台布景。

3.构建以便了解进化性质的数学模型 

=framework

4.该条款堪称文字清晰的典范 

=pattern

5.模范的,优秀的 

=exemplary

6.他创办了一所示范性的面包房 

=ideal

7.孩子们常以父母作为自己效仿的榜样 

8.第一个生产型号应在2007年准备就绪。

=Version

9.时装模特

10.她太胖,不能当模特儿。

=Exhibit

11.要求孩子们用轻质木做飞机模型 

Note:

1)便条,笔记

e.g.Sheleftanotesayingshewouldseeusagain.

Makeanoteofthat把那件事记下来

Speakingfromnotes根据稿子讲话

2)ashortpieceofadditionalinformationinabook,article,document,etc.,oftenonethatgivesextrainformationaboutthemaintext.按语,注释,说明=annotation

e.g.Yugoslaviaisadifferentmatter(seenoteontheYugoslaviasituation,below)南斯拉夫又当别论(见下面关于南斯拉夫形势的按语)

3)ifyou 

make,have, 

keepamentalnoteofsomething,youmakeaspecialefforttorememberit.用心记住

4)e.g. 

Notethat 

thereportdoesnotcarryanyformofofficialrecommendation.

请注意报告中未含有任何形式的正式推荐 

He 

noted 

theexacttimeandplaceonthesketch.

他在草图上记下确切的时间和地点。

Wageshave,asalready 

noted, 

adualfunctionintheeconomy.

正如已指出的那样,工资在经济中具有双重职能。

5)e.g.Hehad 

takennoteof 

everythingIhadsaid.

他对我所说的每一句话都很注意。

6)e.g.anartist 

ofnote 

一位知名的艺术家

7)e.g.theslowmusicrangout, 

note 

bysolemnnote. 

音调

缓慢的乐曲声响了起来,调子庄重而严肃。

8)Iwould,onaslightlymoreseriousnote,cautionhim… 

情感,印象,气氛

我要稍许正经严肃地告诫他…

Notedown:

纪录,记下

Oppose:

1)if 

youoppose 

someoneorsomething,youexpressyourstrongdisagreementwiththemordisapprovalofthem,ofteninaformalwaybymakingspeechesorwritingletters. 

反对 

=contest

e.g.Yourfatheropposedyourwishtobecomeasculptor(雕塑家).

areopposedtosomething, 

youstronglydisapproveofit. 

=beagainst

e.g.Hewasopposedtothedevelopmentof 

nuclearweapons 

(核武器).

3)ifyouuse 

asopposedto 

whenyouarecontrastingtwothingsandyouwanttoemphasizethefirstone.(用于两事物对比,强调前者)与…相成对比;

而不是

e.g.There’sneedfortechnicalcollegesasopposedtouniversities.现在需要的是工业专科学校而不是大学。

Opposed:

对立的,对抗的

Astrategywhichisdiametricallyopposedtothatofthepreviousgovernment

同上一届政府的策略截然相反的一种策略

Premis

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